Dokument #1000113
IRB – Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (Autor)
Information on whether ethnic Hausas are
supporting or have supported the Tuareg rebels could not be found
among the sources consulted by the DIRB.
According to two sources the Niger
government and Tuareg representatives signed a peace accord in
October 1994, with the intention of negotiating a final agreement
to end the Tuareg rebellion within six months (ARB 24 Nov. 1994,
11599; Africa No. 1 9 Oct. 1994).
On 15 April 1995 the Niger government and
the organization representing the Tuareg factions concluded a peace
agreement to formally end armed conflict between their respective
forces (AFP 15 Apr. 1995; ARB 23 May 1995, 11830). The agreement,
which was formally signed 24 April 1995 (Voix du Sahel Network 24
Apr. 1995), includes an amnesty for defence, security and rebel
forces involved in the conflict, provisions for general
disarmament, and a committee to oversee the implementation of the
terms of the agreement (ibid.; Radiodiffusion Nationale du Burkina
Radio 15 Apr. 1995).
In July 1995 the government declared that
it had released all members of Tuareg rebel groups as part of the
amnesty provisions in the peace agreement (Africa No. 1 25 July
1995).
Despite sporadic armed clashes between the
Tuareg and the military since the peace agreement was signed, talks
have continued between the government and the Tuareg movements on
how to implement the accord (AFP 2 July 1995; ibid. 12 Oct. 1995;
ibid. 27 Nov. 1995; ARB 23 Nov. 1995; Africa No. 1. 5 Dec.
1995).
Since October 1994 the Tuareg movement,
consisting of six factions, has been beset by internal divisions
over how to implement the peace agreement (Voix du Sahel Network 29
Mar. 1995; ibid. 30 Mar. 1995; RFI 24 Apr. 1995; ibid. 30 Mar.
1995; ibid. 14 Oct. 1995; Africa No. 1 3 July 1995; ARB 23 Aug.
1995, 11924). In March 1995 a new Tuareg group, the Organisation de
la Resistance Armée (ORA), was formed; this organization
subsequently signed the peace agreement with the government in
April 1995 (Voix du Sahel Network 30 Mar. 1995; RFI 30 Mar.
1995).
AFP reported in July 1995 that Mano Dayak
had reconstituted the Coordination of the Armed Resistance (CRA),
which had been replaced by the ORA (21 July 1995). According to AFP
and Africa No. 1, Dayak did not consider himself bound by the peace
accord ORA signed with the government in April 1995 (ibid.; Africa
No. 1 3 July 1995).
In December 1995 AFP and Jeune Afrique
reported that Dyak died in an airplane crash, prompting speculation
on whether the death was an accident or a murder (AFP 15 Dec. 1995;
Jeune Afrique 21 Dec. 1995-6 Jan. 1996, 6-7).
For additional information, please consult
the attachments which have been arranged into the following
categories: Tuareg Divisions; Peace Agreement; Armed Conflict; and
General.
This Response was prepared after
researching publicly accessible information currently available to
the DIRB within time constraints. This Response is not, and does
not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular
claim to refugee status or asylum.
References
Africa No. 1 [Libreville, in French]. 5
December 1995. "Government, Tuareg Rebellion Resume Peace Talks."
(FBIS-AFR-95-235 7 Dec. 1995, p. 22)
_____. 25 July 1995. "Government
Releases 'All' Former Tuareg Rebels." (FBIS-AFR-95-143 26 July
1995, p. 13)
_____. 3 July 1995. "Tuareg Leader
Killed; Dayak Leaves Movement." (FBIS-AFR-95-130 7 July 1995, p.
13)
_____. 9 October 1994. "Niger
Government, Tuareg Rebels Sign Agreement." (FBIS-AFR-94-196 11 Oct.
1994, pp. 13-14)
Africa Research Bulletin (ARB):
Political, Social and Cultural Series [Oxford]. 23 November 1995.
Vol. 32, No. 10. "Niger."
_____. 23 August 1995. Vol. 32, No. 6.
"Niger: Touareg Leader Killed."
_____. 23 May 1995. Vol. 32, No. 4.
"Niger: Peace Agreement."
_____. 24 November 1994. Vol. 31, No.
10. "Touareg Rebellion: Ouagadougou Agreement."
Agence France Presse (AFP) [Paris, in
French]. 15 December 1995. "Tuareg Leader Dayak Killed in Airplane
Explosion." (FBIS-AFR-95-242 18 Dec. 1995, p. 12)
_____. 27 November 1995. "Army, Tuareg
Rebels Clash in Tahoua." (FBIS-AFR-95-231 1 Dec. 1995, p. 11)
_____ [Paris, in English]. 12 October
1995. "Rebel Leader Reports New Clashes in Northeast."
(FBIS-AFR-95-198 13 Oct. 1995, pp. 11-12)
_____. 21 July 1995. "Tuareg Rebel
Movements Form New Coordination." (FBIS-AFR-95-141 24 July 1995, p.
21)
_____. 2 July 1995. "'Over 15' Tuaregs
Killed in Clashes with Arabs." (FBIS-AFR-95-127 3 July 1995, p.
13)
_____. 15 April 1995. "Government,
Tuareg Rebels Sign Peace Accord." (FBIS-AFR-95-073 17 Apr. 1995, p.
11)
Jeune Afrique [Paris]. 21 December
1995-6 January 1996. Henri Vernet. "Niger: Mano Dayak: Accident ou
Attentat?"
Radiodiffusion Nationale du Burkina
Radio [Ouagadougou, in French]. 15 April 1995. "Highlights of
Agreement Reported." (FBIS-AFR-95-073 17 Apr. 1995, p. 11)
Radio France International (RFI) [Paris,
in French]. 14 October 1995. "Resistance Spokesman Criticizes Rebel
Divisions." (FBIS-AFR-95-200 17 Oct. 1995, p. 14)
_____. 30 March 1995. "Tuareg Leader on
ORA's Aims." (FBIS-AFR-95-065 5 Apr. 1995, p. 13)
_____. 24 April 1995. "Conflict Surges
Among Tuaregs." (FBIS-AFR-95-079 25 Apr. 1995, pp. 25-26)
Voix du Sahel Network [Niamey, in
French]. 24 April 1995. "Tuareg, Government Peace Accord Signed."
(FBIS-AFR-95-079 25 Apr. 1995, p. 25)
_____. 30 March 1995. "Armed Rebel
Movements Form New Organization." (FBIS-AFR-95-065 5 Apr. 1995, p.
13)
_____. 29 March 1995. "Tuareg Leader
Explains Reasons for Split." (FBIS-AFR-95-060 29 Mar. 1995, p.
15)
Attachments
Africa Research Bulletin (ARB):
Political, Social and Cultural Series [Oxford]. 23 November 1995.
Vol. 32, No. 10. "Niger," p. 12030.
_____. 23 August 1995. Vol. 32, No. 7.
"Niger: Touareg Leader Killed," pp. 11924-25.
Agence France Presse (AFP) [Paris, in
French]. 27 November 1995. "Army, Tuareg Rebels Clash in Tahoua."
(FBIS-AFR-95-231 1 Dec. 1995, p. 11)
_____ [Paris, in English]. 12 October
1995. "Rebel Leader Reports New Clashes in Northeast."
(FBIS-AFR-95-198 13 Oct. 1995, pp. 11-12)
_____. 2 July 1995. "'Over 15' Tuaregs
Killed in Clashes with Arabs." (FBIS-AFR-95-127 3 July 1995, p.
13)
General
Agence France Presse (AFP) [Paris, in
French]. 16 December 1995. "Government Confirms Dayak's Death."
(FBIS-AFR-95-242 18 Dec. 1995, p. 12)
_____. 15 December 1995. "Tuareg Leader
Dayak Killed in Airplane Explosion." (FBIS-AFR-95-242 18 Dec. 1995,
p. 12)
_____. 15 December 1995. "Plane on
'Secret Mission' in North." (FBIS-AFR-95-242 18 Dec. 1995, p.
12)
Jenue Afrique [Paris]. 21 December
1995-6 January 1996. Henri Vernet. "Niger: Mano Dayak: Accident ou
Attentat?," pp. 6-7.
Le Monde diplomatique [Paris]. April
1995. Philippe Baqué. "Fragile Niger," p. 31.
Peace Agreement
Africa No. 1 [Libreville, in French]. 5
December 1995. "Government, Tuareg Rebellion Resume Peace Talks."
(FBIS-AFR-95-235 7 Dec. 1995, p. 22)
_____. 25 July 1995. "Government
Releases 'All' Former Tuareg Rebels." (FBIS-AFR-95-143 26 July
1995, p. 13)
_____. 9 October 1994. "Niger
Government, Tuareg Rebels Sign Agreement." (FBIS-AFR-94-196 11 Oct.
1994, pp. 13-14)
Africa Research Bulletin (ARB):
Political, Social and Cultural Series [Oxford]. 23 July 1995. Vol.
32, No. 5. "Niger: Amnesty for Rebels," p. 11892.
_____. 23 May 1995. Vol. 32, No. 4.
"Niger: Peace Agreement," pp. 11830-31.
_____. 24 November 1994. Vol. 31, No.
10. "Touareg Rebellion: Ouagadougou Agreement," pp. 11599-601.
Agence France Presse (AFP) [Paris, in
French]. 8 September 1995. "Former Rebels Threaten to 'Take Up Arms
Again'." (FBIS-AFR-95-175 11 Sept. 1995, p. 26)
_____ [Paris, in English]. 5 June 1995.
"Tuaregs Accuse Niamey of Violating Peace Treaty." (FBIS-AFR-95-108
6 June 1995, p. 26)
_____. 15 April 1995. "Government,
Tuareg Rebels Sign Peace Accord." (FBIS-AFR-95-073 17 Apr. 1995, p.
11)
Radio France International (RFI) [Paris,
in French]. 25 April 1995. "Tuareg, Government Officials
Interviewed." (FBIS-AFR-95-081 27 Apr. 1995, pp. 26-27)
_____. 16 April 1995. "Tuareg Leader
Discusses Provisions." (FBIS-AFR-95-073 17 Apr. 1995, pp.
11-12)
Voix du Sahel Network [Niamey, in
French]. 8 December 1995. "Government, ORA Issue Communique on
Peace Process." (FBIS-AFR-95-240 14 Dec. 1995, p. 11)
_____. 28 November 1995. "Government
Comments on Suspension." (FBIS-AFR-95-231 1 Dec. 1995, p. 12)
_____. 27 November 1995. "ORA Blames
Army for Peace Process Suspension." (FBIS-AFR-95-231 1 Dec. 1995,
p. 11)
Tuareg Divisions
Africa No. 1 [Libreville, in French]. 3
July 1995. "Tuareg Leader Killed; Dayak Leaves Movement."
(FBIS-AFR-95-130 7 July 1995, p. 13)
Agence France Presse (AFP) [Paris, in
French]. 21 July 1995. "Tuareg Rebel Movements Form New
Coordination." (FBIS-AFR-95-141 24 July 1995, p. 21)
Radio France International (RFI) [Paris,
in French]. 14 October 1995. "Resistance Spokesman Criticizes Rebel
Divisions." (FBIS-AFR-95-200 17 Oct. 1995, p. 14)
_____. 24 April 1995. "Conflict Surges
Among Tuaregs." (FBIS-AFR-95-079 25 Apr. 1995, pp. 25-26)
_____. 30 March 1995. "Tuareg Leader on
ORA's Aims." (FBIS-AFR-95-065 5 Apr. 1995, p. 13)
Voix du Sahel Network [Niamey, in
French]. 30 March 1995. "Armed Rebel Movements Form New
Organization." (FBIS-AFR-95-065 5 Apr. 1995, p. 13)
_____. 29 March 1995. "Tuareg Leader
Explains Reasons for Split." (FBIS-AFR-95-060 29 Mar. 1995, p.
15)