Macau Special Administrative Region National Security Law (Chinese and English Text)

Passed: February 25, 2009
Issued: February 26, 2009
Effective: February 27, 2009
 

中文版


The following translation was retrieved from the Amnesty International Web site on July 20, 2009. The Chinese text was retrieved from the Macau Special Administrative Region Web site on July 20, 2009.
 

Macao Special Administrative Region:
National Security Law

March 2009
    
AI Index: ASA 27/003/2009

On 25 February, the Legislative Assembly of Macao Special Administrative Region passed national security legislation which can be misused to threaten the rights of the territory’s residents. After signing off by Macao's Chief Executive Ho Hau Wah on 26 February, the law was published in government gazette on 2 March and became effective 3 March. Amnesty International has translated into English this national security legislation.

MACAO SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Law no. 2/2009

 

The Legislative Assembly enacts, within the terms of articles 71 (paragraph 1) and 23 of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, on the prohibition of crimes against national security, the following law:

Article 1

Treason

1. Any Chinese citizen,

1) Who enlists in foreign armed forces and takes up arms against the state;

2) Who colludes with the government of another state, a foreign organisation or group, or any of their agents, with the intention of promoting or causing war or armed action against the state; or

3) Who cooperates directly or indirectly with another state during a war or armed action against the state or acts with a view to achieving the same objectives, with the intention of facilitating or assisting enemy military operations against the state or of damaging its military capacity, shall be sentenced to a prison term of 10-25 years.

2. Any person who has undertaken preparatory acts for the crimes set out in the previous paragraph shall be punished by a prison term of a maximum of 3 years.

3. For the purposes of the provisions of this law, the “state” is the People’s Republic of China.

Article 2

Secession

1. Any person using violence or practising other grave illegal acts to try to separate territory from the state or subject it to the sovereignty of another state, shall be sentenced to a prison term of 10-25 years.

2. Any person who has undertaken preparatory acts for the crimes set out in the previous paragraph shall be punished by a prison term of a maximum of 3 years.

3. For the purposes of this law, the following conduct shall be considered “other grave illegal acts”:

1) Crimes against the life, physical integrity and personal freedom of another person;

2) Acts that damage or threaten the security of transport, communications or other public infrastructure facilities, including telegraph, telephone, radio, television and other electronic communications systems;

3) Arson, the release of radioactive substances or toxic or asphyxiating gases, contamination of food or water supply for human consumption or the spread of diseases; or

4) Crimes involving the use of nuclear energy, firearms, incendiary devices, biological or chemical weapons, explosive devices or substances, parcels or letters containing dangerous devices or substances.

Article 3

Subversion of the Central People’s Government

1. Any person using violence or practising other grave illegal acts to overthrow the People’s Central Government or prevent or restrict its functions shall be sentenced to a prison term of 10-25 years.

2. Any person who has undertaken preparatory acts for the crimes set out in the previous section shall be punished by a prison term of a maximum of 3 years.

Article 4

Sedition

1. Any person publicly and directly inciting the crimes described in articles 1, 2 and 3 of this law shall be sentenced to a prison term of 1-8 years.

2. Any person publicly and directly inciting members of the Macao garrison of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army to abandon their functions or inciting them to rebel shall be sentenced to a prison term of 1-8 years.

Article 5

Theft of state secrets

1. Any person stealing, gathering or procuring state secrets, endangering or harming national independence, the unity and integrity of the state or its internal or external security, shall be sentenced to a prison term of 2-8 years.

2. Any person receiving instructions, orders, money or valuables from governments, organisations or groups or from their agents outside the Macao Special Administrative Region, in order to steal, gather or procure state secrets, or knowingly recruit others to carry out these acts, or in any way, provide support for or facilitate these acts shall be sentenced to a prison term of 3-10 years.

3. Any person who makes use of duties specifically imposed by the statute of their function or service, or the mission conferred by a competent authority shall be punished:

1) For acts described in paragraph 1, with a prison term of 3-10 years.

2) For acts described in paragraph 2, with a prison term of 5-15 years.

4. Any person in possession of any state secrets by virtue of his or her position or duty, or any mission conferred by a competent authority shall be punished:

1) In the event of making state secrets public or accessible to unauthorised persons, with a prison term of 2-8 years.

2) In the event of receiving instructions, orders, money or valuables from governments, organisations or groups or from their agents outside the Macao Special Administrative Region to provide state secrets, with a prison term of 5-15 years.

3) With regard to clause 1), if the act is caused by negligence, with a maximum prison term of 3 years.

5. For the purposes of the provisions of this article, “state secrets” include documents, information or objects that must be kept secret and are classified as such, in the fields of national defence, foreign relations and other issues concerning the relationships between the Central Authorities and the Macao Special Administrative Region as set out in the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. If necessary, the judiciary can obtain from the Chief Executive or through the Chief Executive obtain from the Central People’s Government a document certifying that the relevant documents, information or objects are classified as state secrets.

Article 6

Acts against national security committed by foreign political organisations or groups in Macao

Without prejudice to the corresponding criminal responsibility of agents, foreign political organisations and groups are responsible for acts, as described in articles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in the Macao Special Administrative Region when committed in their name and in their collective interest by their organs or agents. The following main and supplementary penalties apply:

1) A fine as set out in paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 6 of article 8;

2) Supplementary penalties as set out in paragraph 3 of article 9.

Article 7

Establishment of links by Macao political organisations or groups with foreign political organisations or groups for the conduct of acts against national security

1. Without prejudice to the corresponding criminal responsibility of agents, political organisations and groups in Macao are responsible for acts, as described in articles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, when committed in their name and in their collective interest by their organs or agents, when establishing links with foreign political organisations and groups. The following main and supplementary penalties apply:

1) A fine and court ordered dissolution as set out in paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of article 8;

2) Supplementary penalties as set out in paragraph 3 of article 9.

2. For the purposes of the provisions of this article, “links” are considered to be:

1) Reception of instructions, orders, money or valuables from foreign bodies or their agents, as set out in the previous paragraph; or

2) Collaboration with foreign bodies or their agents, as set out in the previous paragraph, in activities that consist of:

1. The collection, preparation or public dissemination of false or grossly distorted news;

2. The recruitment of agents or facilitating such recruitment by providing venues for meetings, subsidising or publicising them;

3. Promises or donations; or

4. Threatening or defrauding other persons.

Article 8

Criminal responsibility of collective persons

1. Without prejudice to the provisions of articles 6 and 7, collective persons and bodies that are irregularly constituted or without legal personality shall be responsible for the crimes set out in articles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 when committed in their name and in their collective interest by their organs or representatives.

2. The responsibility of the relevant bodies described in the previous paragraph does not exclude the individual responsibility of their respective agents.

3. The following main penalties shall apply for the crimes referred to in paragraph 1.

1) Fine;

2) Court ordered dissolution

4. Fines shall be calculated on a daily basis, with a minimum of 100 days and a maximum of 1000 days.

5. The fine shall be between 100 and 20,000 patacas for each day.

6. If a body without legal personality is fined, its property shall be used to pay the fine. If it has no property or the value of the property is insufficient, the fine shall be paid by the property of each of its members in the form of joint liability.

7. The penalty of court ordered dissolution will apply to the bodies referred to in paragraph 1:

1) If their founders had the predominant intention to use the bodies to carry out the crimes described in paragraph 1, or

2) If the repeated practise of such crimes described in paragraph 1 shows that those bodies were being used to this effect, by either their members or administrators.

8. Termination of employment as a result of application of the penalty of court ordered dissolution or any other supplementary penalties provided for in paragraph 3, article 9 shall be considered, for all effects and purposes, as dismissal without valid reasons by the employer.

Article 9

Supplementary penalties

1. Any person convicted of the crimes set out in articles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, depending on the seriousness of the fact and the social morality of the person, shall be subject to the following supplementary penalties:

1) Suspension of political rights for 3-10 years.

2) Ban on the exercise of public office for a period of 12-20 years.

3) Expulsion or ban from entering the Macao Special Administrative Region for a period of 5-15 years, but only limited to non-local residents;

4) Judicial injunction, including a ban on or restriction of activities in the Macao Special Administrative Region.

2. The time during which agents are deprived of their freedom as a result of the compulsory measures, penalties or security measures taken against them during the litigation procedure shall not be counted in the period referred to in clauses 1) and 2) in paragraph 1.

3. The bodies referred to in articles 6, 7 and 8 paragraph 1 can be subjected to the following supplementary penalties:

1) Ban on the exercise of activities for 2-10 years;

2) Loss of the right to be receive subsidies or allowance from public bodies;

3) Closure of establishment for a period of between 2 months and 1 year;

4) Definitive closure of the establishment;

5) Legal injunction;

6) Publicity of the sentence, at the expense of the guilty party, in the most widely read Chinese newspaper and the most widely read Portuguese newspaper in the Macao Special Administrative Region, and in an announcement, in the same two languages, for a period not less than 15 days, in the area where the guilty party’s business is located, in a way that is very visible to the public.

4. The supplementary penalties can be imposed on a cumulative basis.

Article 10

Scope

1. This law shall be applied to acts that take place in the Macao Special Administrative Region or on board ships or aircraft registered in the Macao Special Administrative Region.

2. This law shall also be applied to the acts set out in article 1 by Chinese citizen residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region practised outside the Macao Special Administrative Region and to acts set out in articles 2, 3, 4 and 5 by residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region practised outside the Macao Special Administrative Region.

Article 11

Mitigation

When a crime set out in this law involves carrying out an act that is dangerous, the penalty may be mitigated or the act not penalised if the agent realises that the intended act will cause significant harm and voluntarily and significantly reduces or neutralises the danger.

Article 12

Public trial

The criminal procedure for the crimes set out in this law is public in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure, except for the crimes listed in article 5, in which case the judge may determine that some stages of the trial shall not be public because they will constitute a threat to national security if conducted in public.

Article 13

Change to the Code of Criminal Procedure

Article 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure approved by Decree Law 48/96/M of 2 September, with the wording given by Decree Law 63/99/M of 25 October and Law 9/1999, shall now be worded as follows:

“Article 1

(…)

1. (…)

2. (…)

a) Include the crimes set out in article 288 of the Criminal Code, articles 4, 5 and 6 of Law 3/2006 and articles 1, 2 and 3 of Law no. 2/2009 National Security Law;

b) (…)

c) (…)”

Article 14

Supplementary application

In the absence of specific provisions, the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure shall apply.

Article 15

Entry into force

This law shall come into force the next day after its promulgation.

Approved on 25 February 2009.

President of the Legislative Assembly, Susana Chou

Signed on 26 February 2009.

Ordered to promulgate.

Chief Executive, Ho Hau Wah


 

維護國家安全法

澳 門 特 別 行 政 區
第2/2009號法律

《維護國家安全法》

立法會根據《中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區基本法》第七十一條(一)項和第二十三條的規定,為禁止危害國家安全的犯罪,制定本法律。

第一條
叛國

一、中國公民作出下列任一行為者,處十年至二十五年徒刑:

(一)加入外國武裝部隊械抗國家;

(二)意圖促進或引發針對國家的戰爭或武裝行動,而串通外國的政府、組織、團體或其人員;

(三)在戰時或在針對國家的武裝行動中,意圖幫助或協助執行敵方針對國家的軍事行動,或損害國家的軍事防衛,而直接或間接與外國協議,或作出具有相同目的的行為。

二、作出上款所指犯罪的預備行為者,處最高三年徒刑。

三、在本法中,“國家”指中華人民共和國。

第二條
分裂國家

一、以暴力或其他嚴重非法手段,試圖將國家領土的一部分從國家主權分離出去或使之從屬於外國主權者,處十年至二十五年徒刑。

二、作出上款所指犯罪的預備行為者,處最高三年徒刑。

三、在本法中,“其他嚴重非法手段”指下列任一行為:

(一)侵犯他人生命、身體完整或人身自由;

(二)破壞交通咻敗⑼ㄓ嵒蚱渌不A設施,或妨害咻敯踩蛲ㄓ嵃踩摰韧ㄓ嵱绕浒妶蟆㈦娫挕㈦娞ā㈦娨暬蚱渌娮油ㄓ嵪到y;

(三)縱火,釋放放射性物質、有毒或令人窒息氣體,污染食物或食水,傳播疾病等;

(四)使用核能、火器、燃燒物、生物武器、化學武器、爆炸性裝置或物質、內有危險性裝置或物質的包裹或信件。

第三條
顛覆中央人民政府

一、以暴力或其他嚴重非法手段,試圖推翻中央人民政府,或阻止、限制中央人民政府行使職能者,處十年至二十五年徒刑。

二、作出上款所指犯罪的預備行為者,處最高三年徒刑。

第四條
煽動叛亂

一、公然和直接煽動他人實施本法第一條、第二條或第三條所規定的犯罪者,處一年至八年徒刑。

二、公然和直接煽動中國人民解放軍駐澳門部隊的成員放棄職責或叛變者,處一年至八年徒刑。

第五條
竊取國家機密

一、竊取、刺探或收買國家機密,危及或損害國家的獨立、統一、完整或者內部或對外安全利益者,處二年至八年徒刑。

二、接受澳門特別行政區以外的政府、組織、團體或其人員的指示、指令、金錢或有價物進行竊取、刺探或收買國家機密的間諜活動,或明知該等實體或其人員從事上述活動但仍為其招募人員、提供協助或任何方式的便利者,處三年至十年徒刑。

三、利用職務、勞務身份、或者有權限當局對其所授予的任務的便利:

(一)作出第一款所指行為者,處三年至十年徒刑;

(二)作出第二款所指行為者,處五年至十五年徒刑。

四、因職務或勞務的身份、或者有權限當局對其所授予的任務而保有國家機密:

(一)公開國家機密或使不獲許可的人接觸國家機密者,處二年至八年徒刑;

(二)接受澳門特別行政區以外的政府、組織、團體或其人員的指示、指令、金錢或有價物而向其提供國家機密者,處五年至十五年徒刑;

(三)因過失作出(一)項所指行為者,處最高三年徒刑。

五、在本條中,“國家機密”指涉及國防、外交或《中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區基本法》規定的其他屬於中央和澳門特別行政區關係的有關事項且已經 被確定為應予以保密的文件、資訊或物件。如有需要,司法機關可向行政長官或通過行政長官向中央人民政府取得前述文件、資訊或物件是否已經被確定為國家機密 的證明文件。

第六條
外國的政治性組織或團體在澳門作出危害國家安全的行為

外國的政治性組織或團體的機關或其人員以該組織或團體的名義並為其利益在澳門特別行政區作出本法第一條、第二條、第三條、第四條或第五條所指的行為,除行為人應負相應的刑事責任外,對該組織或團體科處以下主刑和附加刑:

(一)本法第八條第三款、第四款、第五款及第六款規定的罰金;

(二)本法第九條第三款規定的附加刑。

第七條
澳門的政治性組織或團體與外國的政治性組織或團體建立聯繫作出危害國家安全的行為

一、澳門的政治性組織或團體的機關或其人員以該本地組織或團體的名義並為其利益與外國的政治性組織或團體建立聯繫,作出本法第一條、第二條、第三條、第四條或第五條所指的行為,除行為人應負相應的刑事責任外,對該本地組織或團體科處以下主刑和附加刑:

(一)本法第八條第三款、第四款、第五款、第六款及第七款規定的罰金和法院命令的解散;

(二)本法第九條第三款規定的附加刑。

二、在本條中,“聯繫”指下列任一行為:

(一)接受上款所指外國實體或人員的指示、指令,或收受金錢或有價物;

(二)協助上款所指外國實體或人員的下列任一行為:

1、收集、預備或公然散佈虛假或明顯有所歪曲的消息;

2、 招募人員或為招募活動而提供集會地點、資助或宣傳等便利;

3、作出承諾或贈送;

4、恐嚇或欺詐他人。

第八條
法人的刑事責任

一、除本法第六條和第七條另有規定外,法人及不合規範設立或無法律人格的實體,其機關或代表人以該等實體的名義並為其利益而實施本法第一條、第二條、第三條、第四條或第五條所指的犯罪,須對該犯罪負責。

二、上款所指實體的責任並不排除有關行為人的個人責任。

三、就第一款所指的犯罪,對該款所指的實體科處以下主刑:

(一)罰金;

(二)法院命令的解散。

四、罰金以日數訂定,最低限度為一百日,最高限度為一千日。

五、罰金的日額為$100.00(澳門幣壹百元)至$20,000.00(澳門幣貳萬元)。

六、如對一無法律人格的實體科處罰金,則該罰金以該等實體的共同財產支付;如無共同財產或共同財產不足,則以各成員的財產按連帶責任方式支付。

七、出現下列任一情況時,法院方可命令解散第一款所指實體:

(一)該實體的創立人創立該實體的主要意圖是實施第一款所指的犯罪;

(二)該實體的成員或負責管理工作的人員利用該實體重複實施第一款所指的犯罪。

八、勞動關係如因有關實體被法院命令解散或科處第九條第三款所規定的任何附加刑而被終止,則為一切效力,該終止視為屬僱主責任的無合理理由解僱。

第九條
附加刑

一、對於因犯本法第一條、第二條、第三條、第四條或第五條所規定犯罪而須判刑者,經考慮該事實嚴重性及行為人公民品德方面的情況,可科處以下附加刑:

(一)中止政治權利,為期三年至十年;

(二)禁止執行公共職務,為期十二年至二十年;

(三)驅逐出境或禁止進入澳門特別行政區,為期五年至十五年,但僅以非本地居民的情況為限;

(四)受法院強制命令約束,包括禁止或限制其在澳門特別行政區活動。

二、行為人因訴訟程序中的強制措施、刑罰或保安處分而被剝奪自由的時間,不計入第一款第(一)項和第(二)項所指的期間內。

三、對本法第六條、第七條和第八條第一款所指實體可科處以下附加刑:

(一)禁止進行活動,為期二年至十年;

(二)剝奪獲公共部門或實體給予津貼或補貼的權利;

(三)封閉場所,為期二個月至一年;

(四)永久封閉場所;

(五)受法院強制命令約束;

(六)公開有罪裁判,透過在澳門特別行政區最多人閱讀的中文報章及葡文報章作出,以及在從事業務的地點以公心芮宄吹降姆绞剑瑥堎N以中葡文書寫的告示作出,張貼期不得少於十五日;上述一切費用由被判罪者負擔。

四、附加刑可予併科。

第十條
適用範圍

一、本法適用於在澳門特別行政區或在澳門特別行政區註冊的船舶或航空器內作出的本法規定的行為。

二、本法亦適用於澳門特別行政區居民中的中國公民在澳門特別行政區以外作出的第一條規定的行為,以及澳門特別行政區居民在澳門特別行政區以外作出的第二條、第三條、第四條和第五條規定的行為。

第十一條
減輕

就本法中涉及產生危險的犯罪,如行為人在重大損害發生前主動使該行為產生的危險有相當程度的減輕,或排除該危險,可特別減輕刑罰或不處罰該事實。

第十二條
公開進行

本法所規定犯罪的刑事訴訟程序須按《刑事訴訟法典》的規定公開進行,但涉及本法第五條的刑事訴訟程序,如公開進行會對國家安全的利益造成損害,法官可決定不公開進行某些訴訟行為。

第十三條
修改《刑事訴訟法典》

經九月二日第48/96/M號法令核准,並經十月二十五日第63/99/M號法令、第9/1999號法律及第3/2006號法律修改的《刑事訴訟法典》第一條修改如下:
“第一條

(……)

一、………

二、………

a)屬《刑法典》第二百八十八條、第3/2006號法律第四條、第五條、第六條及第2/2009號法律《維護國家安全法》第一條、第二條和第三條所指犯罪的行為;

b)………

c)………”

第十四條
補充適用

本法無專門規定者,補充適用《刑法典》和《刑事訴訟法典》的規定。

第十五條
生效

本法自公佈翌日起生效。

二零零九年二月二十五日通過。

立法會主席 曹其真

二零零九年二月二十六日簽署。

命令公佈。

行政長官 何厚鏵