For information on the treatment of people who are dark-skinned or labelled "blacks," please consult Responses to Information Requests RUS20220.E of 31 March 1995 and RUS19743.E of 16 February 1995, and the following attachments: Human Rights Watch/Helsinki of September 1995 and Yezhednevnaya Gazeta of 2-8 November 1995. Please consult page 53 of the latter attachment for information on the situation of "black" children. For information on mixed marriages and on the situation of African-Russian children, please consult the October 1994 New African attachment.

This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the DIRB within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum.

Human Rights Watch/Helsinki. September 1995. Vol. 17, No. 12. Russia: Crime or Simply Punishment? Racist Attacks by Moscow Law Enforcement. New York: Human Rights Watch, pp. 1-8, 12-30.

New African [London]. October 1994. Charles Quist Adade. "Plight of Africa's Russian Children," pp. 5, 18-19.

Yezhednevnaya Gazeta [Moscow, in Russian]. 2-8 November 1995. Zoya Yeroshok. "Police Abuses of Ethnic Minorities Viewed." (FBIS-SOV-95-235-S 7 Dec. 1995, pp. 49-54)