Information on military service, conscription, and mobilization

The following publications by EUAA, the Danish Immigration Service and the Swedish Migration Agency provide background information:

For earlier developments, see our previous information collection on the partial military mobilization (last update in March 2023).

The most recent documents on the issue

These are the most recent documents from a search for terms related to the topics: (You can find more, and customise your search under this search link.)

Considered synonyms: combat, combat service, combat services, deserters, deserteur, deserteure, desertions, draft, drafts, einberufung, einberufung, einberufungen, einberufungen, fahnenflucht, heeresdienst, heeresdienst, heeresdienste, heeresdienste, kriegsdienst, kriegsdienst, kriegsdienste, kriegsdienste, military draft, military drafts, military service, military services, militärdienst, militärdienst, militärdienste, militärdienste, präsenzdiener, präsenzdiener, präsenzdienerin, präsenzdienerin, präsenzdienerinnen, präsenzdiener·in, präsenzdiener·in, präsenzdiener·innen, präsenzdienst, präsenzdienst, präsenzdienste, präsenzdienste, rekrut, rekruten, rekruten, rekrutin, rekrutin, rekrutinnen, rekrut·in, rekrut·in, rekrut·innen, services, waffendienst, waffendienst, waffendienste, waffendienste, wehrdienst, wehrdienst, wehrpflicht, wehrpflicht, wehrpflichtige, wehrpflichtige, wehrpflichtiger, wehrpflichtiger, wehrpflichtige·r, wehrpflichtige·r
  • Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on forced displacement from occupied Ukrainian territory by Russia (direct and indirect forcible transfers; obstacles to return; obligations of Ukrainian authorities towards returnees; other topics)

    Forced displacement from territory of Ukraine occupied by the Russian Federation: forcible transfer and deportation, barriers to return, and the rights of internally displaced persons [A/HRC/61/CRP.5] (Special or Analytical Report, English)

    • Conscription 37. The imposition of Russian citizenship on the population in occupied territory has resulted in Ukrainian men aged 18 to 30[footnoteRef:40] being treated as eligible for conscription into the Russian armed forces under Russian national legislation, although under IHL, an occupying Power cannot compel protected persons to serve in its armed forces. […] [footnoteRef:43] [40: The maximum age of conscription increased from 27 to 30 on 1 January 2024. […] Fear of conscription and ensuing deployment against their own country’s armed forces compelled many Ukrainian men and boys to flee occupied territory to Government-controlled territory. For example, a 21-year-old man from Zaporizhzhia region told OHCHR that he was forced to obtain a Russian passport in 2023 to be able to move around. […] Russian border guards also frequently denied entry to Ukrainians who had relatives in the Ukrainian armed forces or past Ukrainian military service. Many were also issued long-term entry bans ranging from 20 to 50 years. 60. […] ” – An 18-year-old man who fled occupation to escape conscription describing what a guard at a Ukrainian Embassy in a third country said to him in January 2025. 69.
  • Bulletin on political, economic, social and cultural developments (migration policy; impact of war on crime and prosecution authorities)

    Russland-Analyse Nr. 480; Migrationspolitik; Begrenzte Erdölgewinne; Kriminalität (Periodical Report, German)

    • In dem Entwurf wurde gefordert, das Alter der Wehrpflicht, das heute bis 30 reicht, für Eingebürgerte auf die Altersspanne von 18 bis 50 Jahren auszuweiten. Der Gesetzentwurf wurde bislang noch nicht verabschiedet. Seit 2024 verabschiedete die russische Staatsduma insgesamt 230 neue oder revidierte Gesetze zur Regulie- rung der Migration. […] Zweitens gehören aufgrund der Organisation der Rekrutierung für die »SWO« die überwiegende Mehr- heit der Veteranen ebenso wie die Rekruten zu margina- lisierten Bevölkerungsgruppen (junge Männer aus länd- lichen Gebieten, Strafgefangene, arme Stadtbewohner, die in der Regel unter Suchterkrankungen leiden). […] Was die Einstellung von Veteranen angeht, so erweist sich diese aufgrund der sozialen Herkunft der Veteranen der »SWO« sowie aufgrund der vor Beginn der Vollinvasion vergleichsweise recht hohen gesund- heitlichen Anforderungen an die Rekruten als äußerst schwierig.
  • Article on systematic violence and discrimination against LGBTIQ-persons in the army

    Torture, Beatings, Rape: Inside The Sadism Of A Russian Artillery Brigade (Media Report, English)

    • A major source of concern for Russian civil society and the families of young soldiers [https://www.svoboda.org/a/130727.html], the system is widely tolerated by commanders as a tool for imposing discipline on junior conscripts and recruits. […] The sum, a huge amount of money by most Russian standards, reflects the system that Russian recruiters have devised in order to attract a steady flow of volunteers while avoiding another unpopular mobilization order. For many soldiers, however, much of the money is routinely paid to superior officers as bribes. == 'It Seemed Like Hell' == Bykov enlisted as a private.
  • Article on the abolition of the death penalty in Council of Europe observer states and in states whose parliaments have observer or partner for democracy status

    Towards the universal abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances [Doc. 16375 rev] (Special or Analytical Report, English)

    • Youth mobilisation for the abolition of the death penalty ................................................................... 21 8. Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................... 23 1. Reference to committee: Doc. 16301, Reference 4931 of 26 January 2026. […] This congress will focus on the role of judges in the abolition of the death penalty, as well as on youth mobilisation. […] Youth mobilisation for the abolition of the death penalty 58.
  • Article on public anger in different regions due to lack of funding for basic services such as healthcare and housing

    Putin’s Governance via Unfunded Mandates Sparking Protests in Regions; Eurasia Daily Monitor (Special or Analytical Report, English)

    • At the same time, Moscow demands that the regional governments finance additional obligations such as bonuses for soldiers who enlist to fight in Ukraine (see EDM, October 21 [https://jamestown.org/russias-federal-subjects-quietly-cutting-subsidies-for-military-recruits/] , 2025, February 12 [https://jamestown.org/russian-regions-starved-for-money-by-moscow-facing-serious-financial-problems/] ).
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