USDOL – US Department of Labor (Autor): „2021 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor: Burundi“, Dokument #2082690

2021 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor: Burundi

Moderate Advancement

In 2021, Burundi made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Burundi developed its first ever data management system to track human trafficking cases and passed a new migration law intended to permit official intervention in cases of international trafficking in persons. The government also established a permanent commission to coordinate anti-trafficking in persons efforts. However, children in Burundi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Burundi lacks a compulsory education age that is equal to the minimum age for work, and the government failed to provide comprehensive criminal law enforcement data related to the worst forms of child labor. Other challenges remain, including a lack of resources to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations; a lack of well-trained educators and poor infrastructure in the education sector; and insufficient social programs to address child labor.

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I. Prevalence and Sectoral Distribution of Child Labor

Children in Burundi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. (1-3) Table 1 provides key indicators on children’s work and education in Burundi. Data on some of these indicators are not available from the sources used in this report.

**Table 1. Statistics on Children's Work and Education**
Children	Age	Percent
Working (% and population)	5 to 14	33.2 (Unavailable)
Attending School (%)	5 to 14	69.4
Combining Work and School (%)	7 to 14	30.5
Primary Completion Rate (%)		52.9

Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2021, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2022. (4)
Source for all other data: International Labor Organization's analysis of statistics from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), 2016–2017. (5)

Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.

**Table 2. Overview of Children's Work by Sector and Activity**
Sector/Industry	Activity
Agriculture	Production of coffee, sugarcane, cotton, palm oil, peat, and rice (1,2,6-9)
	Fishing, including managing heavy fishing nets and preparing meals for fishermen (1,2,8-12)
	Herding and feeding livestock (1,2,6,7)
Industry	Extracting,† washing, and transporting minerals in mines and quarries, including artisanal gold mines (1,2,6)
	Making and transporting bricks (9)
	Manufacturing, including soldering, welding, processing plastics and metals, and helping in garages and workshops (8,9)
	Producing, packing, loading, and unloading charcoal (9)
Services	Domestic work (2,6-8)
	Street vending, including selling food (1,2,6)
	Begging (2,7,8,13)
	Working in hotels and restaurants, including cooking, dishwashing, and waiting tables (1,2,7)
Categorical Worst Forms of Child Labor‡	Commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking (12,14)
	Domestic work as a result of human trafficking (2,12,14)
	Forced labor in agriculture, mining, charcoal production, construction, fishing, street vending, and begging (1,2,7,12,14)

† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182.
‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a)–(c) of ILO C. 182.

Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world, with between 80 and 90 percent of its citizens engaged in agriculture, primarily subsistence and smallholder farming. Approximately 80 percent of the workforce is employed in the informal economy. (1,15-17) Poverty often results in Burundian children leaving school for paid work. (18) During the 2017–2018 school year alone, the cycle for which the most recent data are available, 171,652 children dropped out of school, with many believed to have entered domestic work. (19)

Burundi is a source country for children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking abroad, and children are trafficked within the country from rural areas for domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. (3,14) Reports indicate that an increasing number of children from the Batwa ethnic group are being transported from rural areas into Bujumbura with promises of work and subsequently are exploited. (2) Women who offer room and board to children sometimes force the children into commercial sexual exploitation to pay expenses. (12) Burundian girls are also trafficked internationally for commercial sexual exploitation in Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and countries in the Middle East. (7,12,14,20,21) Evidence also suggests that children are trafficked to the Middle East and Tanzania for work in agriculture and for domestic work. (12) In 2021, a local NGO identified 908 cases of children trafficked to Tanzania for forced and child labor purposes. An unreported number of those children were killed when they expressed a desire to return to Burundi. (9)

Children work entire days transplanting rice, and typically drop out of school in the pre-harvest season to guard rice plantations from birds. Children are also utilized as lookouts in the forestry industry to report illegal woodcutting or theft, placing them in potentially dangerous situations when smugglers and thieves are present. (8,9,17) In fishing communities near Lake Tanganyika, boys are often engaged in fishing activities without pay while girls work as cooks or domestic employees and are at risk of sexual exploitation. (8,9,12) Civil society organizations indicate that up to 15 percent of children who are school dropouts in urban centers work in the charcoal trade, either packing, loading, and unpacking charcoal or working in fire pits. (8)

Although the government abolished school fees in 2012, families are often asked to pay for supplies, secondary school fees, and school building maintenance costs, which have prevented many children from accessing free public schooling. (2,9) A dearth of well-trained educators and poor infrastructure have also limited educational opportunity. For example, the lack of gender-separated bathrooms can contribute to a lower attendance rate among girls. (2,9) Children with disabilities and mobility issues face discrimination in schools, along with a lack of appropriate materials and infrastructure, limiting access to education. (22) Moreover, because birth certificates are required to attend school, many unregistered children, in particular children of the Batwa ethnic group, remain out of school and vulnerable to child labor. (2,9,23)

II. Legal Framework for Child Labor

Burundi has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).

**Table 3. Ratification of International Conventions on Child Labor**
Convention	Ratification
ILO C. 138, Minimum Age	✓
ILO C. 182, Worst Forms of Child Labor	✓
UN CRC	✓
UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict	✓
UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography	✓
Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons	✓

The government has established laws and regulations related to child labor (Table 4). However, gaps exist in Burundi’s legal framework to adequately protect children from the worst forms of child labor, including the lack of sufficient prohibitions against the use of children by non-state armed groups.

**Table 4. Laws and Regulations on Child Labor**
Standard	Meets International Standards	Age	Legislation
Minimum Age for Work	Yes	16	Articles 2, 10, and 618 of the Labor Code (24)
Minimum Age for Hazardous Work	Yes	18	Articles 270, 279, and 618 of the Labor Code; Article 13 of the Ministerial Ordinance to Regulate Child Labor (24,25)
Identification of Hazardous Occupations or Activities Prohibited for Children	Yes		Articles 9–15 of the Ministerial Ordinance to Regulate Child Labor (25)
Prohibition of Forced Labor	Yes		Articles 4–6, 10, and 18-20 of the Trafficking in Persons Law; Articles 7 and 617 of the Labor Code (24,26)
Prohibition of Child Trafficking	Yes		Article 12 of the Labor Code; Articles 4–6, 10, and 18-20 of the Trafficking in Persons Law; Article 197, 246, and 255 of the Penal Code (24-27)
Prohibition of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children	Yes		Article 12 of the Labor Code; Articles 542–544, and 546 of the Penal Code; Articles 4, 10, and 18-20 of the Trafficking in Persons Law (24-27)
Prohibition of Using Children in Illicit Activities	No		Article 12 and 618 of the Labor Code (24,27)
Minimum Age for Voluntary State Military Recruitment	Yes	18	Article 2 and 6(c) of the National Defense Troops Law (28)
Prohibition of Compulsory Recruitment of Children by (State) Military	N/A*
Prohibition of Military Recruitment by Non-state Armed Groups	No		Article 12 of the Labor Code; Articles 200.6, 200.2.27, 200.5.7 and 202 of the Penal Code (24,27)
Compulsory Education Age	No	15‡	Article 35 of the Law on Basic and Secondary Education (29)
Free Public Education	No		Article 53 of the Constitution; Articles 17, 35, and 47 of the Law on Basic and Secondary Education (29,30)

* Country has no conscription. (28)
‡ Age calculated based on available information. (29)

Legal prohibitions against hazardous work are not comprehensive, as they fail to cover agriculture, an area of work in which there is evidence of children working under difficult conditions such as long hours. (7,25)

Although the Constitution prohibits the use of children in armed conflict, the Penal Code criminalizes only the use of children under age 15 in armed conflict, leaving children between the ages of 15 and 18 vulnerable to this worst form of child labor. (27,31) However, Burundian law does prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by state armed forces, and available evidence indicates that the government continued to comply with this provision. (1,15)

Although the Law on Basic and Secondary Education provides for guaranteed free education, some funding from families is required. (29) Burundi implemented education reforms beginning in 2014 that have continued through the present reporting period because of delays caused by civil unrest in 2015. Burundi's education reform plans established that basic education is compulsory through the first 9 years of education, beginning when a child turns age 6. (32,33) The compulsory education age, however, is lower than the minimum age for work, making children between the ages of 15 and 16 vulnerable to labor exploitation. (34)

III. Enforcement of Laws on Child Labor

The government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor (Table 5). However, gaps exist within the operations of enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate enforcement of their child labor laws.

**Table 5. Agencies Responsible for Child Labor Law Enforcement**
Organization/Agency	Role
Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Employment	Administers and enforces all labor laws, including those on child labor, through the Inspector General of Work and Social Security. (35)
Ministry of Interior, Community Development, and Public Security	Conducts criminal investigations on the worst forms of child labor, including forced child labor, child trafficking, and the use of children in illicit activities. Through the Burundi National Police's Unit for the Protection of Minors and Morals, protects children from commercial sexual exploitation, illicit activity, forced labor, and military recruitment. (1,2,7,14,15)
Ministry of Justice	Prosecutes cases of the worst forms of child labor through its General Prosecutor’s Office. (1,2,7)

Labor Law Enforcement

In 2021, labor law enforcement agencies in Burundi took actions to address child labor (Table 6). However, gaps exist within the operations of the Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Employment that may hinder adequate labor law enforcement, including an insufficient number of labor inspectors.

**Table 6. Labor Law Enforcement Efforts Related to Child Labor**
Overview of Labor Law Enforcement	2020	2021
Labor Inspectorate Funding	$2,589 (8)	$2,589 (9)
Number of Labor Inspectors	38 (8)	40 (9)
Mechanism to Assess Civil Penalties	Yes (24)	Yes (24)
Initial Training for New Labor Inspectors	Yes (8)	Yes (9)
Training on New Laws Related to Child Labor	N/A (8)	N/A
Refresher Courses Provided	Yes (8)	No (9)
Number of Labor Inspections Conducted	552 (8)	Unknown
Number Conducted at Worksite	552 (8)	Unknown
Number of Child Labor Violations Found	0 (8)	Unknown
Number of Child Labor Violations for Which Penalties Were Imposed	0 (8)	Unknown
Number of Child Labor Penalties Imposed that Were Collected	0 (8)	Unknown
Routine Inspections Conducted	Yes (8)	Yes (9)
Routine Inspections Targeted	No (8)	Yes (9)
Unannounced Inspections Permitted	Yes (24)	Yes (24)
Unannounced Inspections Conducted	Yes (8)	Yes (9)
Complaint Mechanism Exists	Yes (8)	Yes (9)
Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Labor Authorities and Social Services	Yes (8)	Yes (9)

While the government indicated it conducted labor inspections during the reporting period, the government did not provide full law enforcement data for inclusion in this report. However, partners such as UNICEF reported having identified 24 child labor violations during the reporting period. (9)

Burundi lacks local inspectors in 14 of its 18 provinces. (2) Furthermore, the number of labor inspectors is likely insufficient for the size of Burundi’s workforce, which includes over 5.2 million workers. According to the ILO’s technical advice of a ratio approaching 1 inspector for every 40,000 workers in less developed economies, Burundi would need to employ about 132 inspectors. (37) Reporting suggests that inspections are conducted exclusively in the formal sector, in which child labor is relatively rare, and exclude the agricultural sector. (2,9,38,39)

Government officials have acknowledged that the labor inspectorate budget is not sufficient, and inspectors do not have sufficient resources to adequately carry out their duties. (8,9) Research found that financial constraints hamper the Inspector General of Work and Social Security's enforcement of child labor laws because annual funding does not cover fuel costs, per diem, or office supplies, nor does the labor inspectorate own any vehicles. (6,7,40)

Criminal Law Enforcement

In 2021, criminal law enforcement agencies in Burundi took actions to address child labor (Table 7). However, gaps exist within the operations of the criminal enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate criminal law enforcement, including insufficient resource allocation.

**Table 7. Criminal Law Enforcement Efforts Related to Child Labor**
Overview of Criminal Law Enforcement	2020	2021
Initial Training for New Criminal Investigators	Unknown (8)	Unknown
Training on New Laws Related to the Worst Forms of Child Labor	N/A	N/A
Refresher Courses Provided	Yes (14)	Unknown
Number of Investigations	Unknown (8)	Unknown
Number of Violations Found	Unknown (8)	Unknown
Number of Prosecutions Initiated	Unknown (8)	Unknown
Number of Convictions	Unknown (8)	Unknown
Imposed Penalties for Violations Related to the Worst Forms of Child Labor	Yes (14)	Unknown
Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Criminal Authorities and Social Services	Yes (8)	Yes (9)

In November of 2021, the Government of Burundi passed a new migration law that, in addition to defining government agencies' various responsibilities in enforcing migration regulations, also provides a legal basis to enable interventions to prevent the trafficking of vulnerable populations. (41) In addition, the government continued to implement measures to prevent international child trafficking, including sending diplomatic notes to neighboring countries requesting that Burundian minors exiting through their respective ports of entry to Gulf countries be returned to Burundi. (42)

During the reporting period, Burundi developed its first ever data collection system for human trafficking cases and trained prosecutors and judges on how to utilize the system. Developed with assistance from international partners such as the IOM, the database houses information from law enforcement and judicial personnel from all 18 provinces dating back 6 years and is maintained by 54 newly appointed human trafficking specialists. (12,43) Meanwhile, the Ministry of Interior, Community Development and Public Security provided training to 280 Judicial Police on human trafficking issues, including child trafficking. (42)

The government operates multiple hotlines that assist in the identification of child trafficking victims, including one managed by the Ad Hoc Committee for Consultation and Monitoring on the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons, and another specifically to report child abuse managed by the Ministry of National Solidarity, Social Affairs, Human Rights and Gender. During the reporting period, authorities indicated that the hotlines identified 33 cases of child trafficking that resulted in investigations and referrals to social services. (42) The government and the IOM reported identifying 61 cases of child labor trafficking, while UNICEF reported identifying 613 cases of child labor trafficking. (42) The government did not provide complete information on its criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. (9)

The government lacked resources to fully implement criminal law enforcement strategies. For example, while the Burundi National Police Unit for the Protection of Minors and Morals was responsible for investigating trafficking in persons, sex trafficking, and child and forced labor issues, it lacked capacity and often did not receive referrals from other police units. (20) The government acknowledged that officials are unfamiliar with the 2014 anti-trafficking law and thus are not sufficiently familiar with the concepts of the worst forms of child labor. (12,14,39)

Burundi lacks formal guidance for authorities on how to respond to cases potentially involving the worst forms of child labor, and law enforcement lacked sufficient training to properly identify victims. As a result, some officials, including immigration and police officers, reportedly punished child victims of human trafficking or forced labor. (12) Although a referral mechanism between law enforcement and social services exists, civil society organizations indicate it is utilized on an ad hoc basis, thus making it difficult to ensure victims receive services. (3,12) In general, agencies lacked resources necessary to respond to victims' needs and had to rely primarily on services from civil society and international organizations. (12,20)

IV. Coordination of Government Efforts on Child Labor

The government has established mechanisms to coordinate its efforts to address child labor (Table 8). However, gaps exist that hinder the effective coordination of efforts to address child labor, including lack of Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Employment participation in key coordinating bodies.

**Table 8. Key Mechanisms to Coordinate Government Efforts on Child Labor**
Coordinating Body	Role & Description
Multisector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor	Under the Child and Family Department and the Ministry of National Solidarity, Social Affairs, Human Rights, and Gender, works with local NGOs to address child protection issues. (8,9) During the reporting period, the committee met on a twice monthly basis to focus on child protection issues. (9)
Ad Hoc Committee for Consultation and Monitoring on the Prevention and Repression of Trafficking in Persons	Under the office of the Vice President, responsible for coordinating national anti-trafficking efforts. Includes officials from the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Development Cooperation; Justice; Interior; and Community Development and Public Security. (14) During the reporting period, assisted in the development of Burundi's first data collection system on human trafficking. (43)

In order to establish a permanent coordinating body for human trafficking issues, the government inaugurated the Consultation and Monitoring Commission on Prevention and Repression of Trafficking in Persons in 2021. Led by the Office of the Prime Minister, the permanent commission is made up of seven members from relevant ministries and will take the place of the ad hoc committee. (42)

Research was unable to identify evidence of the Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Employment's participation in the activities of the Multisector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor. Furthermore, while sources indicate the Multisector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor was active during the reporting period, participating NGOs have indicated that the committee is more effective in the areas around Bujumbura and lacks a presence upcountry, limiting its ability to respond to urgent cases outside of the capital region. (8)

While the Ad Hoc Committee was active during the reporting period, it did not receive any dedicated funds from the government for the fiscal year and thus was reliant upon funding sources from international organizations. (12,14) Furthermore, there is a lack of coordination and training among stakeholders to properly classify and respond to cases of human trafficking. (3)

V. Government Policies on Child Labor

The government has established policies related to child labor (Table 9). However, policy gaps exist that hinder efforts to address child labor, including a lack of relevant policies covering all worst forms of child labor.

**Table 9. Key Policies Related to Child Labor**
Policy	Description
Burundi National Development Plan (2018–2027)	Aims to address economic and social challenges in the country, with goals to target poverty and access to education. Seeks to enhance youth employment through strategies such as updates to the labor code and improvements in basic and vocational education. (45) In 2021, as part of the policy and in cooperation with the UN, Burundi released its 2021 Burundi Joint Resettlement and Reintegration Plan, which projected that the country would need to provide services to 143,000 returning refugees at a cost of $104.3 million. (46)

‡ The government has other policies that may have addressed child labor issues or had an impact on child labor. (47)

In 2021, the government had yet to renew its national action plan to address child labor, which expired in 2015, or its anti-human trafficking plan, which expired in 2020. The government has indicated it is still implementing the expired action plan on human trafficking. (12,42)

VI. Social Programs to Address Child Labor

In 2021, the government funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor (Table 10). However, gaps exist in these social programs, including the inadequacy of programs to address the full scope of the problem in all sectors.

**Table 10. Key Social Programs to Address Child Labor**
Program	Description
Centers for Family Development†	Operated by the Ministry of National Solidarity, Social Affairs, Human Rights, and Gender, address human rights issues, including child exploitation, and reintegrate victims in their home communities. Coordinate with Child Protection Committees to refer victims to local NGOs for care, when necessary. (48) Remained active throughout the country during the reporting period, focusing on issues such as child protection and gender-based violence. (49-51)
Country Program for the Promotion of Decent Work (2020–2023)†*	Officially launched in 2021 and implemented by the Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Employment in partnership with ILO, aims to increase job opportunities for vulnerable populations, such as youth who are at risk of becoming victims of human trafficking, and to promote the application of international labor standards. (14,52)
Education Cannot Wait, Burundi Multi-Year Resilience Program*	Launched in 2021 through a collaborative agreement among the Government of Burundi, UNICEF, and World Vision, a 3-year, $12 million grant aiming to provide educational opportunities to 130,000 vulnerable children and reduce the risks of exploitation, including child labor, for vulnerable families. (53)
IOM Anti-Trafficking Programs	Includes the Burundi Counter-Trafficking (2019–2022) program launched in partnership with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which aims to reinforce government anti-human trafficking efforts by improving coordination among government ministries, Burundi National Police, and civil society organizations. Also aims to strengthen the national referral system for the protection of, and improve reintegration services for, human trafficking victims. (20,54) Includes the USAID-funded "National Response to Victim Protection, Prevention, and Prosecution of Trafficking in Burundi" program, a 2-year, $1.5 million project that seeks to improve Burundi's capacity by raising awareness, improving victim services, and centralizing government counter-trafficking efforts. (55) During the reporting period, IOM reported it had facilitated the rescue and return of 12 Burundian females who had been trafficked to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia for exploitation in domestic servitude. USAID project funds enabled the survivors' return and reintegration back to Burundi. (56)
“Back to School” Campaign†	UNICEF campaign to promote equitable access and retention in school for basic education students. In 2021, the program provided school kits to over 2.5 million children in cooperation with the World Bank and the Global Partnership for Education. (57)

* Program was launched during the reporting period.
† Program is funded by the Government of Burundi.

Research found no evidence that the government has carried out programs to assist children working in agriculture, in which child labor is most prevalent.

VII. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate Child Labor

Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor in Burundi (Table 11).

**Table 11. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate Child Labor**
Area	Suggested Action	Year(s) Suggested
Legal Framework	Ensure that the use of children in illicit activities is criminally prohibited with possible penalties beyond fines.	2015 – 2021
	Establish by law a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age for work.	2009 – 2021
	Ensure that all children are protected from hazardous work activities, including in agriculture, in which child labor is known to occur.	2016 – 2021
	Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups.	2012 – 2021
Enforcement	Conduct targeted inspections in sectors and geographic areas in which child labor is known to be prevalent, including in agriculture and the informal sector.	2020 – 2021
	Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of inspections conducted, the number of violations identified, and the number of penalties imposed and collected.	2021
	Ensure that the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections and that inspections cover all areas of the country.	2019 – 2021
	Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice.	2009 – 2021
	Provide sufficient funding and resources to the Inspector General of Work and Social Security to cover needs such asfuel costs, per diem, office supplies, and vehicles.	2009 – 2021
	Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including whether initial training is provided to investigators andthe number of investigations conducted, violations identified, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained related to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws.	2017 – 2021
	Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive adequate training on laws pertaining to the worst forms of child labor.	2019 – 2021
	Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies and other agencies responsible for responding to human trafficking have the resources, guidance, and capacity necessary to investigate cases and provide services to victims.	2019 – 2021
	Strengthen referral mechanisms between law enforcement agencies, social services, and civil society organizations to ensure that cases are properly investigated, victims receive services, and child victims are not punished for the worst forms of child labor.	2020 – 2021
Coordination	Ensure that the Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Employmentparticipates in the Multisector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor.	2021
	Improve the capacity of the Multisector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor to ensure coverage in areas outside of the capital city.	2015 – 2021
	Ensure the viability of established coordinating mechanisms by dedicating regular funding for their operation.	2019 – 2021
	Improve training and coordination among anti-trafficking in persons stakeholders.	2020 – 2021
Government Policies	Adopt policies that address all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national child labor action plan and a national trafficking in persons action plan.	2015 – 2021
Social Programs	Collect and publish data on child labor prevalence across relevant sectors.	2020 – 2021
	Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; increasing the number of well-trained educators; expanding infrastructure to accommodate the needs of female and disabled students; and increasing birth registration rates for populations such as the Batwa ethnic group.	2015 – 2021
	Institute new programs and expand existing ones in sectors in which child labor is prevalent, including in agriculture.	2009 – 2021

References

ecoi.net-Beschreibung:: Jahresbericht zu Kinderarbeit (Beobachtungszeitraum 2021)
Land:: Burundi
Quelle:: USDOL – US Department of Labor (Autor)
Originallink:: https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burundi#
Dokumentart:: Periodischer Bericht
Sprache:: Englisch
Veröffentlicht:: 28. September 2022
Dokument-ID:: 2082690