In 2019, Chile made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Prosecutor's Office signed a cooperative agreement with the Ombudsman's Office for the Rights of Children to improve coordination in providing services to children in need, and the Undersecretary of Labor created the Child Labor Eradication Department to ensure Chile's compliance with international treaties that protect the rights of children and adolescents. In addition, the government passed legislation to regulate the participation of children and adolescents in criminal testimony, including cases of human trafficking, to avoid re-traumatizing victims. It also developed an updated Anti-Trafficking National Action Plan for the 2019–2022 period and continued to fund a number of social programs to address child labor. However, children in Chile engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, existing prohibitions related to forced labor do not meet international standards because forced labor is criminally prohibited only when it results from human trafficking. In addition, prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards. Moreover, there is a lack of publicly available enforcement data, including the labor inspectorate funding and number of labor inspectors.
Children in Chile engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. (1-3) The results of the 2012 National Survey of Activities of Children and Adolescents (Encuesta de Actividades de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes) indicate that 70.6 percent of working children ages 5 to 17 are engaged in work classified as dangerous. (2) Table 1 provides key indicators on children's work and education in Chile.
|
Children |
Age |
Percent |
|---|---|---|
|
Working (% and population) |
5 to 14 |
3.8 (94,025) |
|
Working children by sector |
5 to 14 |
|
|
Agriculture |
29.3 |
|
|
Industry |
10.3 |
|
|
Services |
60.4 |
|
|
Attending School (%) |
5 to 14 |
99.5 |
|
Combining Work and School (%) |
7 to 14 |
4.5 |
|
Primary Completion Rate (%) |
94.8 |
Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2017, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2020. (4)
Source for all other data: International Labor Organization's analysis of statistics from Encuesta de Actividades de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes Survey (Simpoc), 2012. (5)
Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.
|
Sector/Industry |
Activity |
|---|---|
|
Agriculture |
Livestock rearing and raising farm animals (2,6) |
|
Forestry,† activities unknown (2) |
|
|
Hunting,† activities unknown (2) |
|
|
Fishing,† activities unknown (2,6-8) |
|
|
Industry |
Construction,† bricklaying,† auto repair, and carpentry† (2,5,6,8-10) |
|
Services |
Making garments, shoe repair (11,10) |
|
Domestic work, including cleaning and babysitting (2,6,7,9) |
|
|
Working in retail, hospitality, corner stores, offices, restaurants, and bars† (6,8,10 -14) |
|
|
Garbage collection† and street cleaning (12) |
|
|
Street work,† including street vending, juggling, and guarding and washing cars (7,8,11,15) |
|
|
Categorical Worst Forms of Child Labor‡ |
Use in illicit activities, including in the production, selling, and distribution of drugs, sometimes as a result of human trafficking (1,6,9,11) |
|
Forced labor in agriculture, mining, construction, street vending, domestic work, and garment and hospitality sectors, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking (1,9,11,13) |
|
|
Commercial sexual exploitation, including in the production of pornography, sometimes as a result of human trafficking (3,6,9,11,12,16,17) |
† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182.
‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a)–(c) of ILO C. 182.
In Chile, children are subjected to human trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation and domestic work. (3,8,9,11) Children, some of whom may be trafficking victims, are also used to steal, or to produce, sell, and transport drugs near the borders of Peru and Bolivia. (3,9,11) In 2019, the National Minors' Service (SENAME) served 1,477 children and adolescents who were victims of commercial sexual exploitation and child pornography. Among those children, approximately 91 percent were girls and nine percent were boys. (6) According to SENAME's Worst Forms of Child Labor Registry, during the reporting period 369 children were involved in the production and trafficking of drugs. (6) Child labor also continued to be a problem in the informal economy and agriculture, particularly in rural areas. (10)
In Chile, education is compulsory through secondary school; however, some educational barriers do exist, including the lack of transportation to schools in rural areas, specifically for migrant children. (6) Indigenous children and adolescents from Otavalo, Ecuador, are especially vulnerable to human trafficking for labor exploitation in Chile. (13,18) Children are also involved in street work, especially in Santiago, including selling handicrafts, clothes, or other goods. (11) In Coquimbo, children sell products in street markets and work as jugglers. (8)
Chile has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).
|
Convention |
Ratification |
|---|---|
|
ILO C. 138, Minimum Age |
✓ |
|
ILO C. 182, Worst Forms of Child Labor |
✓ |
|
UN CRC |
✓ |
|
UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict |
✓ |
|
UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography |
✓ |
|
Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons |
✓ |
The government has established laws and regulations related to child labor (Table 4). However, gaps exist in Chile's legal framework to adequately protect children from the worst forms of child labor, including the prohibition of forced labor.
|
Standard |
Meets International Standards |
Age |
Legislation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Minimum Age for Work |
Yes |
15 |
Article 13 of the Labor Code (19) |
|
Minimum Age for Hazardous Work |
Yes |
18 |
Articles 13–14 and 18 of the Labor Code (19) |
|
Identification of Hazardous Occupations or Activities Prohibited for Children |
Yes |
Articles 14–18 of the Labor Code; Article 1 of Law No. 20.539; Article 3 of Supreme Decree 2 (19-21) |
|
|
Prohibition of Forced Labor |
No |
Article 19 of the Constitution; Article 2 of the Labor Code; Article 411 of the Penal Code; Law 20.507 (19,22-24) |
|
|
Prohibition of Child Trafficking |
Yes |
Article 411 of the Penal Code (23) |
|
|
Prohibition of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children |
Yes |
Articles 367 and 411 of the Penal Code; Law No. 20.594; Law No. 20.526 (23,25,26) |
|
|
Prohibition of Using Children in Illicit Activities |
No |
|
|
|
Minimum Age for Voluntary State Military Recruitment |
Yes |
18 |
Chapter 1, Article 13 of the Armed Forces Recruitment and Mobilization Law No. 2.306 (27) |
|
Prohibition of Compulsory Recruitment of Children by (State) Military |
Yes |
Chapter 1, Article 13 of the Armed Forces Recruitment and Mobilization Law No. 2.306 (27) |
|
|
Prohibition of Military Recruitment by Non-state Armed Groups |
Yes |
Article 26 of Law No. 20.357 (28) |
|
|
Compulsory Education Age |
Yes |
18‡ |
Articles 4, 25, and 27 of the General Education Law No. 20.370 (29) |
|
Free Public Education |
Yes |
Article 4 of the General Education Law No. 20.370 (29) |
‡ Age calculated based on available information (29)
In 2019, the Ministry of Labor introduced a draft bill which will update the current legal framework for hiring adolescents under certain conditions and increase fines associated with child labor. (30,6,31) The law was still under review by the Senate as of May 2020. (32) In addition, new legislation was passed and is being implemented that will allow children or adolescent victims in criminal testimony, including cases of trafficking in persons, to testify by video with questioning conducted by a qualified expert intermediary. (33)
However, Chilean laws related to forced labor are not sufficient because they do not criminally prohibit forced labor except when it results from human trafficking. (23,24,30) Prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards because they only criminalize supplying children with drugs or inducing children to use drugs. (34,35) In addition, as Chile's minimum age for work is lower than the age for compulsory education, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. (19,29)
The government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor (Table 5). However, gaps exist within the operations of the National Labor Directorate that may hinder adequate enforcement of their child labor laws.
|
Organization/Agency |
Role |
|---|---|
|
Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (MINTRAB) |
Designs and implements national strategies on child labor and generates public awareness of child labor and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. (16) Enforces child labor laws, coordinating with the National Labor Directorate and its specialized support unit, the Child Labor Program Office (PCTI). (3,13) PCTI was elevated to a department-level entity in 2019, allowing it to more adequately combat child labor by developing short- and long-term department goals and activities. (30) PCTI coordinates both the Social Observatory to Eradicate Child Labor, which conducts technical studies on child and adolescent labor issues and evaluates current policies to eliminate child labor, and the National Advisory Committee on Child Labor. (6,36-38) |
|
National Investigations Police (PDI) |
Investigates and prevents the worst forms of child labor by conducting community outreach activities, including trainings and information sessions. (39) Operates under the Ministry of the Interior. (13) Within PDI, the Human Trafficking Brigade investigates the trafficking of children, modern slavery, and organized crime. (33,39) The Sexual Assault Victim Care Center provides support to child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. (39) The local secretary of labor in Aysén region and the National Institute of Human Rights provided training on the eradication of child labor to PDI members in August 2019. (40) |
|
National Uniformed Police (Carabineros) |
Investigates, prevents, and detects crimes, including child labor violations, by conducting community policing and specialized investigations. Under the Directorate for Family Protection, provides specialized orientation on policies and operating plans for detection and prevention of domestic violence and child abuse, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. (17) Operates under the Ministry of the Interior. (13) Receives referrals on the worst forms of child labor from the National Labor Directorate. (6) |
|
National Prosecutor's Office (Fiscalía Nacional) |
Investigates and prosecutes crimes, including those involving commercial sexual exploitation and the trafficking of children. Trains and coordinates with interagency partners, including PDI, Carabineros, and regional and local prosecutor's offices. (6,41,42) In 2019, signed a cooperative agreement with the Ombudsman's Office for the Rights of Children to improve coordination, specifically on the expedition of legal matters to more efficiently provide services for children in need. (43) At the regional level, the Prosecutor's Office of Magallanes met with first response health workers in July to train and educate workers on the best way to respond to child victims of commercial sexual exploitation without secondary victimization. (44) |
|
National Minors' Service (SENAME) |
Coordinates the provision of services to vulnerable children in collaboration with Offices of the Protection of Rights. Operates under the Ministry of Justice. (6,46) In coordination with MINTRAB and ILO, oversees the worst forms of child labor registry (Sistema de Registro Único e Intervención de la Peores Formas de Trabajo Infantil), which tracks incidents of the worst forms of child labor and provides information on programs designed to assist child workers. (47) The Offices of the Protection of Rights (Oficinas de Proteccion de Derechos) refer cases of children whose rights have been violated to appropriate social services and monitor cases of the worst forms of child labor. These offices are located in municipalities throughout the country and are part of the larger social protection network overseen by SENAME. (45) |
Labor Law Enforcement
In 2019, labor law enforcement agencies in Chile took actions to combat child labor (Table 6). However, gaps exist within the operations of the National Labor Directorate that may hinder adequate labor law enforcement, including financial and human resource allocation.
|
Overview of Labor Law Enforcement |
2018 |
2019 |
|---|---|---|
|
Labor Inspectorate Funding |
$34,397,410 (3) |
Unknown (6) |
|
Number of Labor Inspectors |
495 (3) |
540 (48) |
|
Inspectorate Authorized to Assess Penalties |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
|
Initial Training for New Labor Inspectors |
Yes (3) |
Yes (49) |
|
Training on New Laws Related to Child Labor |
N/A (3) |
N/A (49) |
|
Refresher Courses Provided |
No (3) |
Yes (49) |
|
Number of Labor Inspections Conducted |
90,523 (3) |
100,618 (50) |
|
Number Conducted at Worksite |
90,523 (3) |
100,618 (50) |
|
Number of Child Labor Violations Found |
288 (3) |
272 (39) |
|
Number of Child Labor Violations for Which Penalties Were Imposed |
288 (3) |
272 (39) |
|
Number of Child Labor Penalties Imposed that Were Collected |
128 (3) |
72 (50) |
|
Routine Inspections Conducted |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
|
Routine Inspections Targeted |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
|
Unannounced Inspections Permitted |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
|
Unannounced Inspections Conducted |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
|
Complaint Mechanism Exists |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
|
Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Labor Authorities and Social Services |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
The number of vehicles available to labor inspectors is insufficient, especially in areas where distances between regional offices and employers can be great. (12) The number of labor inspectors is also likely insufficient for the size of Chile's workforce, which includes nearly nine million workers. According to the ILO's technical advice of a ratio approaching 1 inspector for every 15,000 workers in industrializing economies, Chile would employ about 592 inspectors. (51) The government did not provide information on the labor inspectorate's funding in 2019 for inclusion in this report.
Criminal Law Enforcement
In 2019, criminal law enforcement agencies in Chile took actions to combat child labor (Table 7). However, gaps exist within the operations of the criminal enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate criminal law enforcement, including penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children.
|
Overview of Criminal Law Enforcement |
2018 |
2019 |
|---|---|---|
|
Initial Training for New Criminal Investigators |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
|
Training on New Laws Related to the Worst Forms of Child Labor |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Refresher Courses Provided |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
|
Number of Investigations |
29† (52) |
39† (6) |
|
Number of Violations Found |
731 (52) |
Unknown (6) |
|
Number of Prosecutions Initiated |
29† (52) |
39† (6) |
|
Number of Convictions |
10 (52) |
19 (6) |
|
Imposed Penalties for Violations Related to The Worst Forms of Child Labor |
Yes (3,52) |
Yes (6) |
|
Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Criminal Authorities and Social Services |
Yes (3) |
Yes (6) |
† The National Prosecutor's database does not differentiate between investigations and prosecutions.
During the reporting period, 50 prosecutors, specialized attorney advisers, and witness and victim protection professionals from the National Prosecutor's Office were trained on the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. (6,33) The National Prosecutor's Office also held a full-day training on human trafficking and migrant smuggling for 40 forensic investigators of the Center for Victims of Sex Crimes, which is part of the National Uniformed Police (Carabineros). (33) When an inspection uncovers a case of the worst forms of child labor, the National Labor Directorate immediately notifies the Carabineros, who will open a criminal investigation in coordination with the National Prosecutor's Office. (3)
In 2019, the National Prosecutor's Office prosecuted 19 defendants, 8 of whom were convicted, for the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. (33) Two Ecuadorian adults were convicted of labor trafficking an Ecuadorian adolescent indigenous girl. Both individuals received sentences of 3 years of jail time, although they served their time on probation. (6,33) Two Bolivian women were convicted of sex trafficking two Bolivian adolescent girls and after receiving a sentence of 4 years of prison time, the sentences were substituted by deportation. (6,33) Two individuals were also convicted of facilitation of the prostitution of minors and received a sentence of 61 days, which was suspended. (33)
Judges frequently suspend or commute sentences of individuals convicted of commercial sexual exploitation of children. (6,9) Additionally, the penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children, ranging from 3 to 5 years imprisonment, are not commensurate with those for other serious crimes, such as rape. (9) Moreover, there is a lack of adequate shelters for child victims of trafficking in persons. (33)
The government has established mechanisms to coordinate its efforts to address child labor (Table 8).
|
Coordinating Body |
Role & Description |
|---|---|
|
National Advisory Committee to Eradicate Child Labor |
Oversees implementation of the National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers (2015–2025) with the Social Observatory to Eradicate Child Labor. (17) Led by MINTRAB and includes representatives from the Ministries of Agriculture, Education, and Justice; the National Statistics Institute; the National Tourism Service; SENAME; PDI; and the Carabineros. (53) The Regional Advisory Committees for the Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Adolescent Workers are led by the Regional Secretary of Labor and replicate at the regional level the functioning of the National Advisory Committee to Eradicate Child Labor.(13) Both the national level and regional level committees held meetings regularly throughout 2019 to coordinate efforts, and new regional committees were established in Ñuble and Tocopilla. (6,54-56) |
|
Child Labor Eradication Department* |
Ensures Chile's compliance with international treaties that protect the rights of children and adolescents from abuses in the labor market. Implements the 2015–2025 National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers. (6,57) Created in 2019 by the Undersecretary of Labor. (6,57) |
|
Undersecretary for Childhood |
Coordinates the development and implementation of public policies and programs to protect children, namely the Subsystem of Integral Protection of Children Chile Crece Contigo program. Located under the Ministry of Social Development. (3,58,59) Tasked with enacting the proposed National Policy on Children and developing coordination mechanisms for inter-agency work. (3,58,59) The Undersecretary continued to serve children throughout the country in 2019 through the Chile Crece Contigo program. (60) |
|
Ombudsman's Office for the Rights of Children (Defensoría de los Derechos de la Niñez) |
Promotes compliance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international conventions ratified by Chile related to children's rights. (3,61,62) During the reporting period, worked with the Inter-agency Task Force on Trafficking in Persons in a dissemination campaign to share statistics on children trafficked throughout Chile. (39) |
|
Inter-agency Task Force on Trafficking in Persons (MITP) |
Coordinates the government's anti-human trafficking efforts and is divided into three sub-committees: awareness and prevention, control and prosecution, and protection and support for victims. (33) Led by the Ministry of the Interior with support from law enforcement agencies, the Ministry of Foreign Relations, the Ministry of Justice, the National Prosecutor's Office, SENAME, and others. (6,63) Regional task forces throughout the country have also been created. (6,33) In 2019, the Ministry of Labor actively participated in the task force, drafting a new National Action Plan (2019–2022) against trafficking in persons and incorporating dissemination campaigns on the eradication of child labor into the plan.(6,11) The Task Force also added 17 new member organizations during the reporting period, including the Chilean Supreme Court studies' division. (33) |
* Mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor was created during the reporting period.
The government has established that are consistent with relevant international standards on child labor (Table 9).
|
Policy |
Description |
|---|---|
|
National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers (2015–2025) |
Establishes a strategy to eradicate child labor by: (1) combining efforts across national and regional agencies and private and public entities, and (2) requiring regions to establish a strategy to address child labor issues in the area. (53) MINTRAB oversees the implementation of regional strategies, including the design and implementation of regional operating plans. (17) In 2019, MINTRAB worked with the Ministry of Education under this plan to conduct an awareness-raising campaign throughout the country to prevent child labor. (30) Activities included commemorating World Day Against Child Labor in several regions, workshops on protecting adolescent workers and preventing child labor and sexual exploitation of children, and providing children with educational materials discouraging child labor and encouraging school attendance. (64) MINTRAB also worked with the Network of Businesses United for Childhood and ILO to create a self-diagnostic tool to help businesses assess their knowledge of their role in protecting children and implement measures in their businesses to promote children's rights. (65,66) |
|
National Plan of Action for Children and Adolescents (2018–2025) |
Created by the Undersecretary for Childhood, the Action Plan works to consolidate, monitor, and improve all public initiatives that protect the rights of children and adolescents. (6, 30, 67) Among the Plan's many objectives is the increased coordination of and strengthening of the National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers (2015–2025), including expanding programs that help families at risk of child labor find employment so that their children will be less likely to work. (30,61,67) MINTRAB participates and provides information and guidance regarding child labor. (68) In June 2019, representatives from the Undersecretary for Childhood, UN Development Program, and UNICEF held an initial meeting to propose goals for the plan and its implementation. (69) |
|
Third Action Plan against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents (2017–2019) |
Creates cooperation mechanisms for private and public institutions to collaborate on preventing and detecting commercial sexual exploitation of children and providing social services and rights restitution to victims. (70,71) In 2019, the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights drafted and presented legislation regarding the participation of children victims in criminal testimony and created a campaign for its public promotion, #QueNoSeRepita (That it Doesn't Happen Again). (33,72) |
|
Anti-Trafficking National Action Plan (2019–2022) |
Seeks to prevent and combat human trafficking, with a focus on women and children. Encompasses four strategic areas: (1) prevention and awareness raising, (2) prosecution, (3) victims' assistance and protection, and (4) inter-institutional cooperation and coordination. (73) MITP developed the Action Plan in 2019, which was approved at the working level but is awaiting approval at the ministerial level. However, all member agencies worked under the new plan's guidelines in 2019. (33,52,74) The new National Action plan expands efforts to address trafficking by focusing on partnerships with public policy offices, re-integration of victims into society, post-catastrophe situations, and support for victims whose traffickers were prosecuted under laws not specific to human trafficking. (33,52) |
‡ The government had other policies that may have addressed child labor issues or had an impact on child labor. (75,76-79)
In 2019, the Government of Chile became the first country in Latin America designated as a "Pathfinder Country" under the Alliance 8.7 program, which calls for the eradication of child labor by 2025, and forced labor, modern slavery, and human trafficking by 2030. (6,33,80)
In 2019, the government funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor, which cover the main sectors where child labor has been identified in the country (Table 10).
|
Program |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Walking Together for the Eradication of Child Labor (2017–2019)† |
Aimed to strengthen the employability of family members and guardians of children and adolescents who are at-risk for child labor. Included job training and assistance with job search. (81) Led by MINTRAB in collaboration with the Catholic Church and implemented in Maipú, Quilicura, Quinta Normal, and in the metropolitan region of Santiago. (81) The program and its implementers in the Catholic Church were recognized in 2019 for their work in helping more than 5,000 cases of families at risk of or in situations of child labor in different communities of Metropolitan Santiago since 2007. (82) |
|
Regional Action Group for the Americas† |
Conducts prevention and awareness-raising campaigns to combat the commercial sexual exploitation of children in the tourism sector in Latin America. Administered in Chile by the National Tourism Service. (16) In 2019 for Day Against Child Slavery, the group launched a social media campaign mobilizing the tourism sector to act in the prevention of the commercial sexual exploitation of children. (83) |
|
USDOL-Funded Projects* |
Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor, a project that improves knowledge of these issues through research and data-driven techniques, strengthens policies and improves government capacity, and strengthens partnerships to accelerate progress. In 2019, under the MAP16 project, the Ministry of Social Development, MINTRAB, ILO, and UNICEF worked to develop a revised questionnaire for a new Survey of Activities on Children and Adolescents. (84) Additional information is available on the USDOL website. |
|
SENAME Programs for Children at Risk of or Engaged in the Worst Forms of Child Labor† |
Approximately 132 programs serving disadvantaged youth and children at risk of or engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation. Includes programs implemented by municipal governments and local branches of the Office for the Rights of Children. (36,85) Held various events during the reporting period including activities on International Day Against Child Labor. (86) SENAME also administers 18 programs to serve child victims of commercial sexual exploitation.(85) In 2019, SENAME held a series of activities across the country to bring awareness to the exploitation of children on International Day Against the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents and also assisted businesses in the tourism sector to prevent exploitation in hotels. (87,88) |
|
Employability of Families of Working Children and Adolescents† |
Created by the Undersecretary of Labor and fully implemented in 2018, the program seeks to help find work for family members of children and adolescents who are working or at risk of working and provide support and information on the negative effects of child labor. (3,89,90) In 2019, the government began designing a work plan for this program which will be rolled out in 2020. (6) |
*Program was launched during the reporting period.
† Program is funded by the Government of Chile.
‡ The government had other social programs that may have included the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor.(91-93)
Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor in Chile (Table 11).
|
Area |
Suggested Action |
Year(s) Suggested |
|---|---|---|
|
Legal Framework |
Criminally prohibit forced labor. |
2016 – 2019 |
|
Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. |
2019 |
|
|
Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. |
2018 – 2019 |
|
|
Enforcement |
Ensure that inspectors receive sufficient resources, such as vehicles, to carry out their duties. |
2016 – 2019 |
|
Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. |
2018 – 2019 |
|
|
Ensure that penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children are commensurate with those for other serious crimes and that judges do not suspend or commute such sentences. |
2016 – 2019 |
|
|
Publish information on labor inspectorate funding and the number of criminal violations found related to the worst forms of child labor. |
2019 |
|
|
Ensure that there are adequate shelters available for child victims of trafficking in persons. |
2019 |
|
|
Social Programs |
Ensure that educational barriers, such as the lack of transportation to school in rural areas, are addressed to prevent child labor. |
2018 – 2019 |
-
ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request Concerning Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention, 1999 (No. 182) Chile (ratification: 2000) Published: 2015. Accessed February 8, 2015.
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:3183493:NO. -
Government of Chile- ILO. Magnitud y Características del Trabajo Infantil en Chile. 2013.
http://www.ilo.org/ipec/Informationresources/WCMS_IPEC_PUB_23635/lang--es/index.htm. -
U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. February 15, 2019.
-
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, both sexes (%). Accessed March 2020. For more information, please see "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" in the Reference Materials section of this report.
http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=160. -
ILO. Analysis of Child Economic Activity and School Attendance Statistics from National Household or Child Labor Surveys. January 12, 2018. For more information, please see "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" in the Reference Materials section of this report.
-
U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. February 14, 2020.
-
Government of Chile. Estudio Cualitativo sobre Trabajo Infantil y Población Migrante. Resumen Ejecutivo. January 2018. Source on file.
-
Luengo, Rebeca. Agricultura y pesca son las principales actividades en que se concentra el trabajo infantil. Diario el Dia, June 14, 2017.
http://www.diarioeldia.cl/region/coquimbo/agricultura-pesca-son-principales-actividades-en-que-se-concentra-trabajo-infantil. -
U.S. Department of State. Trafficking in Persons Report- 2018: Chile. Washington, DC, June 2018.
https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-trafficking-in-persons-report/chile/. -
U.S. Department of State. Chile 2019 Human Rights Report. March 11, 2020.
https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CHILE-2019-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf. -
U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. March 5, 2019.
-
U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. January 24, 2018.
-
U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting, January 31, 2017.
-
U.S. Embassy- Santiago official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. February 7, 2017.
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