Nearly two million cases of malaria have emerged since the beginning of 2019. The migration of the area of concentration of malaria cases from West to East was observed in comparison with previous years. This situation has been exacerbated by an increase in drug resistance and bad habits that make people increasingly exposed to mosquito bites (such as the use of outdoor kitchens and a limited distribution of mosquito nets). Of the 46 health districts in Burundi, 17 have epidemic proportions, of which only one is covered by doctors without borders. The resources to respond to this situation are limited, which would aggravating the situation in the event of a declaration. A special meeting on the malaria will be convened next week to determine whether the Ministry of health should report the malaria epidemic nationally. In the meantime, the World Health Organization (who) is examining whether the 17 affected districts should be reported as being in an epidemic situation to facilitate care. If that is the case, how can all those involved in the health sector cope with it? WHO asked them to stand ready for a possible response.

In March 2019, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) reported that 124 578 persons from 27 720 households were displaced. 55% of them are women. In addition, more than 300 000 Burundian people sought refuge in neighbouring countries following the events of 2015. Humanitarian partners are striving to respond quickly to the enormous needs of those affected. Efforts are underway to improve nutrition, water supply, health services for displaced persons and their host families, as well as their protection. The host communities are directly affected by the presence of internally displaced persons, refugees or people recently repatriated. Indeed, displaced populations exert considerable pressure on the already limited resources and services of host populations. To alleviate the host communities, the response plan, HRP 2019, plans to target more than 24 000 people who are victims of natural disasters.

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Government of Burundi welcomed more than 1 100 Congolese refugees to a new camp in Nyankanda, Ruyigi province. With a capacity of 11 000 refugees, the new camp could accommodate 3 600 people by the end of 2019. In recent months, many Congolese, particularly those in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) who are threatened by armed groups or inter-communal con-ducts, have crossed the Burundian border in the hope to find refuge and security. During the last quarter of 2019, UNHCR registered approximately 5 907 new asylum seekers at the Cishemere transit centre. Hosting more than 44 000 refugees, the four UNHCR camps in Burundi-Bwagiriza, Kavumu, Musasa and Kinama-were saturated. Since the arrival of 8 200 Congolese refugees fin January 2018, the monthly arrivals of asylum seekers from DRC have stabilized at about 600 persons per month. According to UNHCR information, the peculiarity of the Nyankanda camp is that it has seen the introduction prefabricated shelters that will be installed in ten districts of this camp. Each household of refugees has the possibility to choose between a traditional house and a prefabricated shelter. At the end of the day, the camp will comprise 2 208 houses, divided into 46 districts. 720 houses should be built in 2019. A currently, 228 shelters have already been completed and occupied, and some 60 houses are still under construction.

As part of its emergency intervention , funded by the German Government and the Government of Japan, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) was able to assist the most vulnerable households in Buterere with the construction of 70 emergency shelters, the construction/repair of 70 latrines, the distribution of 70 kits of non-food products supplemented by hygiene articles, the supply of 70 repair kits and 20 emergency shelters. The repair work was carried out by committees of the shelter, supported by local Masons. The climatic hazards are more and more frequent, especially during the rainy season, which spans two seasons (February to may and September to November). In 2018, more than 80 000 people at the national level were affected by climatic hazards between January and may 2018causing significant damage to various infrastructures such as dwellings, schools, dikes and cultures, especially in the communes of Kiyange I and II of Buterere in the Town Hall of Bujumbura and in Gatumba in rural Bujumbura. This year, the DTM emergency set up by IOM with its partners, indicated that in March more than 124 000 people have moved because of heavy rains.

The province of Kirundo in northeastern Burundi remains particularly vulnerable to food insecurity, which is cyclically affected by water shortages. The lack of precipitation at the beginning of this year had a negative impact on the production of the 2019A season in some areas of the natural region of Bugesera. Although the 2019A season started under conditions officitarian rainfall in February and March, the weather forecast from March to 31 May 2019 is generally good with a higher than normal rainfall. However, late planting of the 2019A season led to a shift in harvesting, especially maize, resulting in a crop overlap of the 2019A and 2019B seasons. In addition, ongoing emergency humanitarian interventions (distribution of food and/or unconditional species) in Kirundo continue, while other interventions are conditioned by strengthening community resilience. The humanitarian partners, under the leadership of the resident coordinator, continue to discuss with the Government the best way to provide assistance in the province.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM), in collaboration with the Red Cross of Luxembourg and the Burundian Red Cross (BRC), organized a workshop entitled "from urgency to sustainability: revision of shelters and non-food items in Burundi. This 4-day workshop was held at the BRC training centre in the town of Ngagara. It has witnessed the participation of nearly 50 people including local and national authorities, local NGOs, international organizations and United Nations agencies. According to the authorities present in this meeting, the objective of this workshop was to reformulate the type of shelter to be adopted during the three distinct phases of the emergency, transitional and development period in a country where disasters 57000 displaced persons. During the workshop, presentations were made on emergency shelters, transient and sustainable for people affected by natural disasters. Thematic workshops on topics such as gender and inclusion, land tenure systems, fund transfer assistance, reduction of disaster risk, the monitoring and maintenance of shelters and the planning of the sites were also organized. These presentations gave rise to recommendations to harmonize national methods and standards used by partners in the shelter and non-food items (ANA) sector in Burundi. The results of the workshop will be provided by the Ministry of human rights, Social Affairs and gender in June 2019. In Burundi, as co-head of the shelter and non-food items sector, IOM is working closely with the Government of Burundi, the Red Cross and all stakeholders to assist throughout the country and to the best possible way for the Burundian population affected by natural disasters or displacement.

The implementation of activities in line with the priorities set out in the national Ebola contingency plan is making progress. On Monday, 13 may, the last of the 20 sorting and isolation containers was installed, of which 15 were financed by the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) and 5 by the World Food Programme (WFP). These containers are spread over 20 entry points along the borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda, as well as the Burundian part of the provinces of Ngozi, Kirundo, Cibitoke, Bubanza, Bujumbura, Kayanza and Muyinga in Burundi. Most of these containers are installed at land borders, others are located in the fishing centres, ports and at Bujumbura airport. WFP plans to organize a ceremonyat the endof May to present the 20 sites and remit the responsibility to the Ministry of public health.

Work continues in the field. Here we see the installation of another container

3W - Who is Doing What Where in Burundi (as of 15 May)