a-6405-2 (ACC-GRC-6406)
Nach einer Recherche in unserer Länderdokumentation und im Internet können wir Ihnen zu oben genannter Fragestellung Materialien zur Verfügung stellen, die unter anderem folgende Informationen enthalten:
Soziale Lage von AsylwerberInnen
“19. Am 13. November 2007 hat Griechenland einen Präsidialerlass angenommen, mit dem die rechtlichen Regelungen der Aufnahmerichtlinie umgesetzt wurden. Laut diesem Erlass soll der Staat Asylsuchenden Unterkunft und ein für die Befriedigung der Grundbedürfnisse ausreichendes Tagegeld zur Verfügung stellen. Obwohl der Erlass im Vergleich zu der Zeit bis zu seinem Inkrafttreten in rechtlicher Hinsicht höhere Aufnahmestandards regelt, zeigen sich in der Umsetzung weiterhin erhebliche Mängel.
20. Die Unterbringung von Asylsuchenden in Griechenland - einschließlich der Unterbringung von Personen, die nach der Dublin-II-Verordnung überstellt werden - gibt weiterhin großen Anlass zur Sorge. Ende 2007 standen in Griechenland zehn Aufnahmeeinrichtungen mit einer Gesamtkapazität von 770 Plätzen zur Verfügung, die vom Staat oder nichtstaatlichen Organisationen betrieben werden. Da drei davon für unbegleitete Minderjährige reserviert sind, ist die Gesamtaufnahmekapazität für Familien, unbegleitete Frauen sowie Männer extrem eingeschränkt. Diese Situation wird noch dadurch verschlechtert, dass Tagegelder bislang nicht ausgezahlt werden, da eine diesbezügliche ministerielle Entscheidung noch aussteht. Zugang zu Beschäftigung ist nur möglich, wenn nachgewiesen werden kann, dass griechische oder EUStaatsangehörige, anerkannte Flüchtlinge und Ausländer/innen mit griechischen Wurzeln kein Interesse an der angebotenen Stelle haben.
21. Problematische Aufnahmebedingungen für unbegleitete Minderjährige, insbesondere im Bereich Zugang zu Gesundheitsversorgung, Bildung und Sozialleistungen während des laufenden Asylverfahrens, sind UNHCR ebenfalls bekannt geworden. UNHCR begrüßt die Verabschiedung von im Vergleich zur Aufnahmerichtlinie höheren Schutzstandards durch die griechischen Behörden im Bereich der Regelungen zu Vormundschaften, insbesondere die Ausweitung dieser Vorschriften auf unbegleitete Minderjährige, die noch keinen Asylantrag gestellt haben. Ernsthafte Bedenken ergeben sich jedoch aus der Tatsache, dass die Generalstaatsanwälte, die per Gesetz zu vorübergehenden Vormündern für asylsuchende Minderjährige bestimmt wurden, kaum in Bezug auf Sozialfürsorge- oder Aufnahmemodalitäten interveniert haben. Dies wirft ernste Fragen im Hinblick auf die Erfüllung der aus Artikel 19 der Aufnahmerichtlinie resultierenden Verpflichtung auf, wonach Minderjährige von Vormündern vertreten werden. Gleichzeitig wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob das Kindeswohl als „ein Gesichtspunkt, der vorrangig zu berücksichtigen ist,” behandelt wird, wie dies Artikel 3 der UNKinderrechtskonvention und Artikel 18 Absatz 1 der Aufnahmerichtlnie verlangen.
22. UNHCR bleibt weiterhin besorgt über die extrem beschränkte Zahl der Aufnahmeeinrichtungen für Asylsuchende, da dies die volle Umsetzung des Präsidialerlasses zu den Aufnahmebedingungen ernsthaft beeinträchtigt. UNHCR bittet die griechische Regierung dringlich, unverzüglich die erwartete ministerielle Entscheidung zu erlassen, mit der die Kriterien zur Auszahlung von Tagegeld festgelegt werden sollen. Darüberhinaus ruft UNHCR die griechische Regierung auf sicherzustellen, dass der Situation von Kindern vorrangige Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet wird und die aktuellen Aufnahmebedingungen für unbegleitete Minderjährige vordringlich überprüft werden.” (UNHCR, 15. April 2008, S. 8f)
„The large majority of the asylum seekers remain completely without social assistance with regard to accommodation and/or other forms of social assistance. Greece is in practice a country where asylum seekers and refugees are almost entirely left to their own devices. In many cases this means working in the black labor market, for minimal wages and in difficult working conditions. Among the types of jobs that migrants and refugees take in order to survive, are selling water along the roads, clean car windows at crossroads, make their children sell roses in cafés, or in the worst case, drug trafficking and prostitution.“ (NOAS/NHC/GHM, 9. April 2008, S. 33)
Eine detaillierte Beschreibung der sozialen Situation und Unterkunftsmöglichkeiten von AsylwerberInnen findet sich in Kapitel 3 (Reception Conditions And Social Rights, S. 31ff) dieses Berichtes von NOAS/NHC/GHM vom April 2008.
Unterbringung von AsylwerberInnen
„Greece systematically detained illegal migrants including asylum seekers, unaccompanied minors as young as ten, torture and trafficking victims, disabled persons, and pregnant women from countries such as Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia in substandard conditions. In June, a delegation of Members of the European Parliament found the detention center on the island of Samos to be overcrowded, understaffed, and lacking medical staff and interpreters and found regular detention of unaccompanied minors in solitary confinement. In July, UNHCR found unaccompanied minors detained with adults at the center in Mytilini. In October, UNHCR inspected the Samos center and found that it held 391 people, including women and children, despite a capacity of 120. Authorities in Greece’s border areas generally released migrants who did not apply for asylum but held those who did for the maximum period of three months, often much longer when authorities could not deport detainees. Authorities issued deportation orders and other documents in Greek, but there were no professional interpreters on any of the islands where authorities held migrants and/or asylum seekers. Detainees had almost no access to legal advice. Authorities confiscated their mobile phones and provided no alternatives. In February, authorities prevented 16 stowaways (5 of whom were children and 2 of whom had serious medical conditions) from leaving their ship in Pireus for a week while they decided whether to accept their asylum claims.“ (USCRI, 14. Juni 2008)
„Although the government cooperated with the UNHCR and other humanitarian organizations in assisting refugees and asylum seekers, the UNHCR, AI, and the ombudsman for human rights expressed concern over the country's asylum policy and practices. They cited a number of specific problems, including a lack of permanent reception facilities with decent living conditions; the use of ad hoc facilities (primarily on the islands when a boatload of refugees arrived); underdeveloped systems to provide for refugee welfare; insufficient counseling to assist in the integration of refugees and asylum seekers; and a lack of appropriate facilities for unaccompanied minors who were potential asylum seekers. In 2006 the UNHCR issued a position paper on refugee protection with 25 recommendations for the government regarding: improvement of reception capacity and living conditions; provision of legal counseling; and protection for asylum-seeking children, women, and victims of human trafficking. In response the government opened three new detention facilities during the year. In March the ombudsman pointed out inadequacies in laws for detaining and deporting underage foreign nationals, including asylum seekers, and a lack of infrastructure and services for handling juvenile detainees who tried to enter the country illegally or sought asylum. […]
Conditions for illegal immigrants and asylum seekers detained by authorities were generally unsatisfactory (see Section 1.c.).
The CPT reported that most detention centers for illegal immigrants it visited in 2005 were in a poor state of repair, unhygienic, and lacking in basic amenities. In particular, Coast Guard facilities to house illegal immigrants detained on the islands of Chios and Mytilini were unacceptable. Detainees were held in metal containers lacking functioning hygienic facilities, natural light, and ventilation. The CPT recommended that such containers should never be used to hold persons for more than a few hours and should always be equipped with suitable facilities and ventilation.
In August the OMCT asserted that there had been no improvement in detention conditions at either the Thessaloniki Transfer Center or in the Aliens' Division of the Thessaloniki Police. The OMCT alleged that the conditions amounted to inhuman and degrading treatment. […]
In 2005 the Council of Europe human rights commissioner and the CPT found that a newly constructed short-term detention and transit facility at Petrou-Ralli for persons awaiting deportation was unsuitable for stays over two days. However, in practice persons were confined for three months in cells that contained up to eight persons with only cement beds, very limited access to showers, and brief exercise possibilities. The CPT noted that the facility's design was extremely poor and that it totally lacked communal spaces. During the year authorities continued to use the Petrou-Ralli facility to confine illegal immigrants for up to three months under these conditions.“ (USDOS, 11. März 2008, Sek. 2d)
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EP – Europäisches Parlament: The conditions in centres for third country national (detention camps, open centres as well as transit centres and transit zones) with a particular focus on provisions and facilities for persons with special needs in the 25 EU member states [IP/C/LIBE/IC/2006-181], Dezember 2007 (veröffentlicht auf ecoi.net)
https://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1199355129_895-eu-ep-detention-centres-report.pdf (Zugriff am 7. November 2008)
„There are 10 reception centres, including three for unaccompanied minors. An official list of reception centres was provided by the Ministry of Health, which lists just seven. Furthermore, the HCR funds an emergency accommodation programme in hotels for the most vulnerable asylum seekers via the Greek Refugee Council (GRC) in Athens. […] The overall situation in detention centres in Greece is worrying. Detention is characterised by: 1. The almost systematic use of detention for any person arriving in Greece. 2. A total lack of transparency in the procedures, both on a legal level and in their application, hygiene conditions and excessive overcrowding in some centres. 3. Very poor hygiene conditions and overcrowding. 4. A flagrant lack of information concerning rights (no legal aid system, severe lack of interpreters), an ineffective appeal system. 5. Centres not subject to outside inspections (civil society, NGOs). 6. Deficiencies in access to healthcare and medical services. 7. Acts of police brutality have been denounced on numerous occasions (NGOs and detainees reported cases of police brutality during the study, notably at the police stations on the land border with Turkey, and at Patras).“ (EP, Dezember 2007, S. 93)
“Conditions for illegal immigrants and asylum seekers detained by authorities were sometimes unsatisfactory (see section 1.c.). The UNHCR observed an improvement of detention conditions at border areas, but this improvement was not uniform, and conditions in many areas remained substandard. Moreover, inadequate counseling to ensure the accurate identification of asylum seekers was prevalent. In May AI charged that several irregular immigrants, who arrived on the island of Chios in April 2005, were detained in conditions that amounted to cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment, including being held in a metal container close to the island's main harbor. In April 2005 human rights activists on the island demonstrated against the use of the metal container to hold migrants. Human rights groups reported limited provisions and medical care as well as lack of hot water at some facilities. Improvement was noted in some parts of the Evros region, but old warehouses continued to be used to house illegal immigrants.“ (USDOS, 6. März 2007, Sek. 2d)
Gesundheitsversorgung (bes. bei psychischen Problemen) von AsylwerberInnen
„Die Flüchtlinge, auch aus Ländern wie Afghanistan oder Irak, hätten kaum Zugang zu einem geregelten Asylverfahren, so Kopp. Sie würden in der Regel unter völlig unzureichenden Bedingungen inhaftiert – wie zum Beispiel auf Samos: Bis zu 400 Menschen seien zeitweise auf engstem Raum ohne Matratzen zusammengepfercht. "Sie schlafen auf feuchten Toiletten und schlagen sich um den letzten Liegeplatz", so [Pro-Asyl-Europareferent Karl] Kopp weiter. "Es gibt keine adäquate medizinische Versorgung", kritisiert er. "Wir haben Kinder getroffen, wir haben Schwerverletzte, Kriegsopfer vorgefunden, wir haben schwangere Frauen gesehen."“ (tagesschau.de, 29. Oktober 2007)
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European Journal of Public Health (AutorInnen: Marie Norredam, Anna Mygind, Allan Krasnik): Access to health care for asylum seekers in the European Union—a comparative study of country policies, 9. Juni 2005
http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/16/3/285 (Zugriff am 7. November 2008)
„The absence of legal restrictions to access [in 13 of 23 countries included in the survey; Anmerkung ACCORD] does not necessarily imply equity in access as practical barriers may hinder this. We identified a number of practical restrictions in access to care. […] Two structural barriers were mentioned more than once. Firstly, services dealing with the specific needs of asylum seekers were considered inadequate. This especially was concerned with the access to treatment for traumatised asylum seekers. Secondly, in Austria and Greece, asylum seekers needed respectively a medical card and an identity card before they had access to health care services. In both countries, however, it could take several months before they received the card, due to bureaucratic delays.“ (European Journal of Public Health, 9. Juni 2005)
„When one finally gets an appointment with the police, the application is considered to be formally lodged. The applicant receives a confirmation of the appointment, which functions as a permission of sorts to stay in Greece, but this does not confer rights beyond that of not being deported. Subsequently, when the application for asylum is finally registered, and the asylum interview given, the applicant receives an ID card for asylum seekers, known as the “Pink Card” because of its colour. The card which includes basic information about the asylum seeker (name, nationality, date of birth, address) is issued for six months at a time and gives the right to residence in Greece and necessary health care.“ (NOAS/NHC/GHM, 9. April 2008, S. 15)
“Access of asylum seekers to health care remains in all countries [Austria, Belgium, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy and Sweden took part in this survey by IRCT; Anmerkung ACCORD] extremely weak. […] In Hungary and Greece reception centres have their own health unit with their own general practitioners, which does not include specialized professionals able to deal with torture survivors. The doctors refer patients to specialists if needed.” (IRCT, September 2006, S. 8)
Diese Informationen beruhen auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Recherche in öffentlich zugänglichen Dokumenten, die ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehen. Diese Antwort stellt keine Meinung zum Inhalt eines bestimmten Ansuchens um Asyl oder anderen internationalen Schutz dar. Wir empfehlen, die verwendeten Materialien zur Gänze durchzusehen.
