Dokument #1303218
IRB – Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (Autor)
Information on whether the United Somali
Congress (USC) gave positions of leadership to members of the Tumal
caste from 1989 to 1991 (particularly on peace committees), and on
whether lower(caste groups (especially the Tumal) were permitted to
join the USC from 1989 to 1991, could not be found among the
sources currently available to the DIRB. However, according to Lee
Cassannelli, author of "Victims and Vulnerable Groups in
Somalia,"other caste groups such as the Yibir that had worked for
the USC were later executed (1995, 26). According to Bernhard
Helander, the Tumal experienced "some persecution" following the
overthrow of the Siad Barre regime, "due to the fact that a member
of this group (Ali Samatar) had held a number of high government
offices during the former regime" (Feb. 1996, 74). For information
on the USC, please see the attached document.
This Response was prepared after
researching publicly accessible information currently available to
the DIRB within time constraints. This Response is not, and does
not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular
claim to refugee status or asylum. Please see the list of
additional sources consulted in researching this Information
Request.
References
Cassanelli, Lee. May 1995. "Victims and
Vulnerable Groups in Southern Somalia." Ottawa: Documentation,
Information and Research Branch (DIRB), Immigration and Refugee
Board.
Helander, Bernhard. 15 February 1996.
"Vulnerable Minorities in Somalia and Somaliland," Supplement
to Information Session on Country Conditions on Somalia.
Toronto Front.
Additional Sources Consulted
Africa Confidential [London].
Weekly.
Africa Research Bulletin: Political,
Social and Cultural Series [London]. Monthly.
Country Reports on Human Rights
Practices for 1996. 1997.
The Europa World Year Book
1996. 1996. 37th ed. Vol. 2. London: Europa Publications.
Foreign Broadcast Information Service
(FBIS) Daily Reports. 1993-1997.
Gilkes, P.S. September 1994. The
Price of Peace: Somalia and the United Nations 1991-1994.
Bedfordshire, UK: Save the Children's Fund.
Horn of Africa Bulletin
[Uppsala]. Bimonthly.
Human Rights Watch World
Report. 1996, 1997.
The Invention of Somalia. 1995.
Edited by Ali Jamale Ahmed. Lawrenceville, NJ: The Red Sea
Press.
Keesing's Record of World
Events [Cambridge]. 1996-1997.
News from Africa Watch [New
York]. 7 March 1992. Vol. 5, No. 2. "beyond the Warlords: The Need
for a Verdict on Human Rights Abuses."
_____. February 1992. Vol. 4, No. 2. "A
Fight to Death? Leaving Civilians at the Mercy of Terror and
Starvation."
New African [London].
Monthly.
Two oral sources consulted did not
provide information on the requested subject.
Attachments
Helander, Bernhard. October 1993.
The Somali Conflict: Prospects for Peace. Mark Bradbury.
Oxfam Research Paper No. 9. Oxfam: UK & Ireland, p. 13.