Information on riots in Lagos between the Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba ethnic groups, in September 2000, could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate. However, several sources report of violent clashes between the Hausa-Fulani and the Yoruba, in October 2000, which resulted in over 100 deaths and the displacement of 20,000 mainly Hausa-Fulani (Global IDP Oct. 2000; ARB 23 Nov. 2000, 14155; HRW Feb. 2003, 16; ICRC Dec. 2000; BBC 18 Oct. 2000).

Reports of clashes between the Hausa-Fulani and the Yoruba in Lagos during 2003 could not be found among the sources consulted. However, for detailed accounts of ethnic violence between the Hausa-Fulani and the Yoruba in Lagos during July and November 1999, October 2000 and February 2002, including interviews with community leaders and witnesses to the fighting and an overview of relations between the two groups, please consult the February 2003 Human Rights Watch report entitled "The O'odua People's Congress: Fighting Violence with Violence." The report states that one of the effects of the inter-ethnic violence is that "many Hausa - who were one of the most directly-affected groups - fled the southwest and moved back to the north; some have not returned since" (HRW Feb. 2003, 11).

This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Please find below the list of additional sources consulted in researching this Information Request.

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series (ARB) [Oxford]. 23 November 2000. Vol. 37, No. 10. "Nigeria: Ethnic Violence."

BBC News. 18 October 2000. "Lagos Calm After City Centre Riots." http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/978635.stm [Accessed 16 Apr. 2003]

Global IDP. October 2000. "People Fleeing Ethnic Clashes in the Capital Lagos (October 2000)." http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/B8459BD8176B577FC1256B10003B01F4 [Accessed 16 Apr. 2003]

Human Rights Watch (HRW). February 2003. Vol. 15, No. 4 (A). "The O'odua People's Congress: Fighting Violence with Violence." http://hrw.org/reports/2003/nigeria0203/nigeria0203.pdf [Accessed 16 Apr. 2003]

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). December 2000. "ICRC Regional Delegation: Lagos." http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList383/20D3DEF6ADAE97DDC1256B66006039B2 [Accessed 16 Apr. 2003]

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