a-6926 (ACC-MLD-6926)
Das vorliegende Dokument beruht auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Recherche in öffentlich zugänglichen Dokumenten, die ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehen, und wurde in Übereinstimmung mit den Standards von ACCORD und den Common EU Guidelines for processing Country of Origin Information (COI) erstellt.
Diese Antwort stellt keine Meinung zum Inhalt eines Ansuchens um Asyl oder anderen internationalen Schutz dar.
Wir empfehlen, die verwendeten Materialien im Original durchzusehen.
1) Medizinische Versorgung (Physiotherapie und Logopädie) für behindertes Kleinkind nichtmoldawischer Staatsbürgerschaft
In den ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden Quellen konnten im Rahmen der zeitlich begrenzten Recherche keine spezifischen Informationen zur Verfügbarkeit von physiotherapeutischer und logopädischer Behandlung für behinderte Kleinkinder nichtmoldawischer Staatsangehörigkeit gefunden werden. Es wurde daher das UNICEF-Büro in Chisinau mit dieser Fragestellung kontaktiert. Sobald eine Antwort einlangt, werden wir sie weiterleiten.
Die folgenden Informationen beziehen sich allgemein auf medizinische Behandlung bzw. Betreuung behinderter Kinder:
Der UNO-Ausschuss für die Rechte des Kindes (UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, CRC) hält in seinen abschließenden Betrachtungen vom Jänner 2009 Folgendes zur Lage von Kindern mit Behinderungen fest:
“Children with disabilities
50. The Committee notes the efforts of the State party aimed at assisting children with disabilities but is concerned at the persisting inadequacy of educational, social and health services for children with disabilities and their families in their own living environment. In particular, the Committee notes that there remain many hurdles to ensuring equal access to education for children with disabilities and that, due to the absence of modern approaches to special education and adequate special facilities in schools, many children with mental and physical disabilities are institutionalised or leave school altogether.” (CRC, 30. Jänner 2009, S.11)
Die Europäische Kommission (EC) schreibt in ihrem Fortschrittsbericht vom April 2008:
“The Republic of Moldova adopted a national strategy on residential child care system reform for the years 2007-2012 as well as a programme of rehabilitation and social integration of disabled people. These programmes are not yet implemented due to a lack of financial resources.” (EC, 3. April 2008, S. 5)
Der European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies berichtet im Jahr 2008:
“The increasing number of children being registered as disabled has also been cause for concern, especially as health and social services for these children are not well developed (National Centre for Public Health and Management 2006).” (European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, 2008, S. 12)
Die US-Tageszeitung Kansas City Star berichtet im März 2006 über folgenden Fall eines schwerbehinderten Kleinkindes:
“For 31-month-old Vladimir Chebotarenco, progress comes in increments so tiny they're barely perceptible. […] Vladimir was born mostly blind, with severe brain damage and cerebral palsy. He is as stiff as a tiny Tin Man - with no oil can. […] Vladimir's parents, Sergei Chebotarenco, 24, and Olga Chebotarenco, 26, need a miracle. In Moldova, where they live on a tiny income in one small bedroom of Sergei's mother's home, there are no good options for children like Vladimir. When a sonogram indicated brain damage due to exposure to toxoplasmosis, doctors advised the couple to abort him. They would not. After Vladimir was born, the couple was urged to send him to an orphanage to die. Sergei had seen the grim pictures of emaciated orphanage children. He and Olga could not conceive of such a fate. […] Sergei, a translator for the Salvation Army in the Moldovan capital of Chisinau, could find no help in his country. […] In his work, Sergei meets many Westerners, and last fall he was assigned to translate for Woody Woodward, a lumber dealer from Overland Park. […] Back in Overland Park, Woodward showed images of Vladimir's damaged brain to a neuroradiologist who attends his church, Redeemer Presbyterian, 9333 W. 159th St. The radiologist said he would consult with colleagues at Children's Mercy hospital. The Rev. Tony Felich, Redeemer's senior pastor, promised that if the doctors recommended moving ahead, the congregation would "give generously," Woodward said. A strategy quickly developed. The Rehabilitation Institute, 3011 Baltimore Ave., agreed to provide about six weeks of physical, occupational and speech therapy at a deep discount. The church asked its members to write big checks. In six weeks, they had given $23,000 to pay for therapy and other expenses. […] When the Chebotarencos return to Moldova on April 15, they will be mostly on their own. There will be no therapists and very limited medical care.” (Kansas City Star, 6. März 2006)
Hilfswerk Austria International, eine Trägerorganisation für Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, informiert auf ihrer Website über ihre Projekte. Aus eines davon wird eine Betreuungseinrichtung für behinderte Kinder in Dubasari beschrieben, dort gebe es unter anderem Rehabilitierungsprogramme und regelmäßige ärztliche Untersuchungen
[1]:
„Dubasari ist eine kleine Stadt nahe der Granze zu Transnistrien. Es gibt viele Kinder mit Behinderungen in der näheren Umgebung. Diese bekommen weder Unterstützung noch Ausbildung. Wenn die Eltern mit den Kindern nicht zurechtkommen sind letztere gefährdet, in ein Pflegeheim eingewiesen zu werden - ein Ort wo Kinder eher abgegeben als gepflegt werden. Durch Rehabilitationsprogramme, Aufrechterhaltung und Stärkung der Gesundheit, sowie einem besonderen Training der PädagogInnen und Miteinbezug der Eltern in sämtliche Aktivitäten, werden die Kinder mit besonderen Bedürfnissen in jeglicher Hinsicht gefördert und profitieren von der Tagesstätte. Musikalische und spielerische Beschäftigung, sowie Interaktion mit anderen Kindern tragen zur Verbesserung von Kooperationsfähigkeit, Erinnerungsvermögen und logischem Denken bei. Weiters erhalten die Kinder vier Mahlzeiten pro Tag, werden regelmäßig ärztlich untersucht, und profitieren von der Renovierung des Gebäudes, der Anbindung an die Gas Pipeline, sowie der Verbesserung des Wasser- und Heizsystems.“ (Hilfswerk Austria, ohne Datum)
2) Staatliche Unterstützung
In den ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden Quellen konnten im Rahmen der zeitlich begrenzten Recherche keine spezifischen Informationen bezüglich des Zugangs von behinderten Kindern nichtmoldawischer Staatsbürgerschaft zu staatlicher Unterstützung gefunden werden. Auch hierzu haben wir das UNICEF-Büro in Chisinau um Auskunft ersucht. Sobald eine Antwort einlangt, werden wir sie weiterleiten.
Die folgenden Informationen beziehen sich allgemein auf staatliche Hilfen für Personen, darunter Kinder, mit Behinderungen sowie auf Familienbeihilfen bzw. Kindergeld:
Der UNO-Ausschuss für die Rechte des Kindes (CRC) hält in seinen bereits oben zitierten abschließenden Betrachtungen vom Jänner 2009 hierzu Folgendes fest:
“The Committee welcomes the adoption by the State party of measures to support the family, including the increase in the number of centres providing community-based social services for families with children and the Law on Social Grants which provides for increased financial support for children with disabilities. The Committee is nevertheless concerned that a high proportion of children remain beneath the poverty line.” (CRC, 30. Jänner 2009, S. 8)
Die US Social Security Administration (SSA) macht in ihrem Portal “Social Security Programs Throughout the World” mit Stand September 2008 folgende Angaben zu staatlichen Unterstützungsleistungen für behinderte Personen, darunter Minderjährige, sowie zu Familienbeihilfen/Kindergeld:
“Old Age, Disability, and Survivors […]
Qualifying Conditions […]
Disability pension: To receive a full pension the insured must be assessed with a Group I disability (an incapacity for any work and requiring constant attendance), Group II disability (an incapacity for any work but not requiring constant attendance), or Group III (incapacity for usual work). The required coverage period varies according to the insured’s age when the disability began: at least 1 year if younger than age 23, 2 years if aged 23 to 26, 3 years if aged 26 to 31, or 5 years if older than age 31. If the coverage period is less than a year, the insured may receive a social pension. The degree of loss of working capacity is assessed by the Medical Fitness Examining Committee. The disability pension is not payable abroad. For a work-related disability, work injury benefits supplement the disability pension provided under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.
Social pension (disability): Paid to disabled persons whose disability began in childhood and to disabled children younger than age 16 (Groups I, II, or III) who are not eligible for a contributory disability pension. Social pensions are not payable abroad. […]
Permanent Disability Benefits […]
Disability pension: The pension is based on monthly average covered earnings, the number of years of coverage, and a coefficient related to the group of assessed disability. The coefficient for a Group I disability is 0.42; Group II, 0.35; and Group III, 0.2. The minimum monthly pension (April 2007) is 288.87 lei (Group I), 278.96 lei (Group II), or 196.43 lei (Group III). There is no maximum monthly pension established by law. Covered earnings for benefit calculation purposes must not exceed twice the average monthly national wage in the year before the claim.
Social pension (disability): A Group I disabled person receives 93.13 lei a month; Group II, 79.37 lei; Group III, 46.77 lei. A Group I disabled person whose disability began in childhood receives 475.74 lei a month; Group II, 191.69; Group III, 126.11 lei. A disabled child younger than age 16 receives 475.74 lei a month (Group I) or 191.69 lei a month (Group II or III). Persons who provide care for a disabled child (Group I) younger than age 16 receive 250.00 lei a month; persons who provide care for a person whose disability (Group I) began in childhood receive 250.00 lei a month” (SSA, September 2008, S. 218-219)
“Family Allowances […]
Qualifying Conditions
Family allowance (social insurance): Paid for children younger than age 16 (age 18 if a student). Other qualifying conditions vary according to benefits. For children older than 18 months, the benefit is means tested. The average monthly income for each family member, including children, must not exceed 18 lei; for families with at least three children, 27 lei; for single mothers, 54 lei.
Disabled child allowance: Paid for a child younger than age 16 assessed as disabled by the Medical Fitness Examining Committee. […]
Family Allowance Benefits
Family allowances (social insurance)
The amount of social insurance benefits paid depends on the insured’s monthly average earnings in the last 6 months.
Family allowance: For an insured person’s child up to age 3, the allowance is equal to 20% of the insured’s average income, but not less than 100 lei; for a noninsured person’s child up to age 1.5, 100 lei is paid. For an insured person’s child aged 3 to 16 and for a noninsured person’s child aged 1.5 to 16, 50 lei a month is paid if average per capita family income does not exceed 54 lei.
Disabled child allowance: 250 lei a month is paid for a severely disabled child (including children disabled from birth) until age 16.” (SSA, September 2008, S. 222-223)
Informationen zu staatlichen Unterstützungen für Familien mit Kindern enthält auch ein Bericht von UNICEF von 2009 (UNICEF, 2009, S. 82).
Ein vom UNO-Menschenrechtsausschuss veröffentlichter Staatenbericht vom Dezember 2007 geht wie folgt auf Voraussetzungen für staatliche finanzielle Unterstützungen für Personen mit Behinderungen ein:
“699. Disabled Children: As of 1 January 2006 the healthcare records showed that there were 13,208 disabled children under 16, the index being of 18.5 per 1,000 children of the respective age, as compared to 15.6 children in 2001.
700. The list of diseases and pathologic disorders that entitle children under 16 to the right to a status of disabled child and to a State social allocation was approved by Government Decree No. 1260 of October 17, 2003. Based on this Decree the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection No. 369/77 of 26 December 2003 was developed. In 2005 the structure of invalidity based on severity degree was as follows:
• 1st degree invalids amount to 35.6 per cent or 6.45 in 1,000
• 2nd degree invalids amount to 53.7 per cent or 9.72 in 1,000
• 3rd degree invalids amount to 10.7 per cent or 1.95 in 1,000 […]
702. Pursuant to provisions of Law No. 499-XIV of 14 July 1999 on State social allocations for certain groups of citizens, the allocations for disabled children of 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree are approved for children who are not fully institutionalized and cared for by the State.
703. The allocations vary in amount depending on the assessed severity of disability: (a) For disabled children under 16 with 1st disability degree, 100 per cent pension, or 179 lei per month; (b) For disabled children with 2nd and 3rd degree disability the monthly allocation is 85 per cent of the full disability pension, amounting to 152 lei.
704. As of 1 April 2006 pensions were indexed by 11.9 and at present amount to 200.30 lei for children of 1st degree disability and 170.09 for 2nd and 3rd degree disability. In addition, disabled children are provided targeted compensations for payment of utilities and electricity, as well as an annual compensation for purchase of coal and wood during the cold season. […]
706. Social allocations provided to families with children in the current social assistance system are regulated by the Regulation on Procedure for Calculation and Payment of Indemnities to Families with Children approved by Government Decree No. 1478 of 15 November 2002 and are as follows: […]
III. Social state allocations:
- For children with disabilities under 16 years of age
- For invalids from childhood
- Children under 18 upon loss of breadwinner
- For care of disabled person to families with invalid children with 1st degree disability
The allocations are indexed annually on 1 April in compliance with the effective legislation, except allocations for the care of disabled persons, which are regulated by Law No. 499-XIV of 14 July 1999 on Social State Allocations for Certain Groups of Citizens.” (HRC, 26. Dezember 2007, S. 138-140)
Quellen:(Zugriff auf alle Quellen am 17. September 2009)
1) Medizinische Versorgung (Physiotherapie und Logopädie) für behindertes Kleinkind nichtmoldawischer Staatsbürgerschaft
· CRC - UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: Consideration of Reports submitted by States Parties under Article 44 of the Convention: Concluding Observations – Republic of Moldova, 30. Jänner 2009 [CRC/C/MDA/CO/3] (veröffentlicht auf ecoi.net)
· EC - Europäische Kommission: ENP Progress Report: Moldova, 3. April 2008 [SEC(2008) 399]
· European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies: Moldova: Health system review; Health Systems in Transition Vol. 10 No. 5 2008, 2008 (veröffentlicht auf ecoi.net)
· Hilfswerk Austria: Moldau: Kindertagesstätte für Kinder mit Behinderungen in Dubasari, ohne Datum
· Kansas City Star: A host of helping hands; Family from Moldova comes to KC, seeking a miracle for their disabled son, 6. März 2006 (veröffentlicht auf LexisNexis, siehe Kopie im Anhang)
2) Staatliche Unterstützung
· CRC - UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: Consideration of Reports submitted by States Parties under Article 44 of the Convention: Concluding Observations – Republic of Moldova, 30. Jänner 2009 [CRC/C/MDA/CO/3] (veröffentlicht auf ecoi.net)
· HRC - UN Human Rights Committee: Consideration of Reports submitted by State Parties under Article 40 of the Covenant; Second periodic report – Moldova, 26. Dezember 2007 [CCPR/C/MDA/2] (veröffentlicht auf ecoi.net)
· SSA - US Social Security Administration: Social Security Programs Throughout the World – Moldova, September 2008 (veröffentlicht auf ecoi.net)
· UNICEF: Innocenti Social Monitor 2009: Child Well-Being at a Crossroads: Evolving challenges in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, 2009, S. 82
[1] Es konnten bisher mangels telefonischer Erreichbarkeit keine Informationen bezüglich der Aktualität dieser Informationen eingeholt werden. Als zuständige Kontaktperson wird auf der Website angegeben:
Mag. Sandra Schlossar, Länderreferentin Südost- und Osteuropa. Tel.: +43 1 4057 500-54, Mobil: +43 676 87 87 60 140, sandra.schlossar@hwa.or.at
