a-5420 (ACC-UKR-5420)

Nach einer Recherche in unserer Länderdokumentation und im Internet können wir Ihnen zu oben genannter Fragestellung Materialien zur Verfügung stellen, die unter anderem folgende Informationen enthalten:
Vorgehen gegen die „Weiße Bruderschaft“ im Jahr 1993
Das UK Home Office berichtete in seiner Lageeinschätzung zur Russischen Föderation vom April 2003, dass die beiden Gründer der Weißen Bruderschaft, Juri Kriwonogow (engl. Schreibweise: Yuriy Krivonogov) und Marina Zwigun (engl. Schreibweise: Tsvigun) im November 1993 in Kiew festgenommen worden seien. Sie seien angeklagt worden, Massenunruhen verursacht zu haben, Rechte von Personen unter dem Vorwand religiöser Rituale verletzt zu haben, sowie vorsätzliche schwere Körperverletzung begangen zu haben. Beide seien zu Gefängnisstrafen verurteilt worden, Zwigun sei aber nach einer Amnestie im August 1997 wieder freigelassen worden:
“The White Brotherhood, founded by Yuriy Krivonogov and Marina Tsvigun in Kiev in 1990, is reported to have 10,000 followers, and believes that God became incarnate in the form of Mariya Devi Khristos, who took over Tsvigun's body in April 1990. Having mistakenly predicted the end of the world in November 1993, both Krivonogov and Tsvigun were arrested during a riot in Kiev's St Sophia Cathedral. They were charged with inciting mass unrest, infringing personal and civic rights under the guise of performing religious rituals, and the premeditated infliction of serious bodily injuries. Both were sentenced to a term of imprisonment, although Tsvigun was released under an amnesty in August 1997” (UK Home Office, April 2003, Par. 6.26)
Das christliche Netzwerk “Dialog Center“ berichtete im Mai 1994 von diesen Ereignissen und erwähnte die Verhaftung der beiden Sektenführer (hier werden die Namen als Yury Krivonov bzw. Maria Tsvigun angegeben). Weiters wird angegeben, dass bei den Unruhen in Kiew mehr als 1100 Anhänger der Weißen Bruderschaft verhaftet worden seien, von denen viele einen Hungerstreik erklärt hätten. Diejenigen, die von ihren Eltern identifiziert worden seien, seien nach Hause geschickt worden, die übrigen seien in Polizeigewahrsam geblieben:
“The end of the world and the last judgement has been postponed, according to the leader of a new cult, the Great White Brotherhood, Yury Krivonov. Krivonov, alias Yuoann Svami, John the Baptist, John the Theologian, and Adam the Sun was arrested by Kiev police on November 10 and taken into custody. The end will not come about, said Mr. Krivonov, before the “Lord God”, Maria Devi Khristos (the Christ) will be killed and raised to life again.
Meanwhile, the Lord God Maria Devi Khristos, also in Kiev police custody, was identified by her former husband and son as Maria Tsvigun, a former Komsomol (Communist Youth League) functionary who left her family in 1990. “Get thee behind me, Satan,” shouted Mrs. Tsvigun at her 10 year old son as he identified her. […]
More and more teenagers were disappearing into the new cult, and as the time of the apocalypse was drew nearer, they were turning more and more violent. They broke into the Orthodox churches and tried to force their way onto the altar to take over the services. Several priests and paris­honers were seriously hurt. It seemed that the White Brothers were actively seeking and even provoking martyrdom. Fortunately, nothing of the sort has happened and the White brothers were escorted out of the churches, suffering no more than a few bruises.
Acoording to the police information, Yuoann Svami’s real name was Yury Krivonov. He had a Ph.D. in physics and for a while he worked in a top secret Soviet laboratory in Kiev, developing some type of psychological-magnetic weapons. Police warned that the man was quite dangerous, because in his lab he had mastered the techniques of powerful hypnosis and could easily influence many people around him. His activity was banned in Ukraine, and the warrant for his arrest was signed. He went into hiding together with Mrs. Tsvigun and directed the activity of the cult from underground. […]
In September word was passed on that all the yusmalians should gather in Kiev, the mother of Russian cities, and meet the end of the world there. There the Living God would be crucified together with his faithful prophet by the evil authorities. Then they would rise from the dead and the world will perish. That was a serious claim that easily could result in mass suicide, and it seems that the Ukrainian and Russian authorities took it in all serousness.
Yusmalians arrived in Kiev en masse. They began to stage violent demonstrations, disrupt public order, and break into churches. At the same time many grief-stricken parents came to Kiev, hoping to find their children. The police were on the alert, and found and conficated over 9 tons of cultist literature. Over 1100 White brothers and sisters were arrested, and many declared a hunger strike. Those who were identified by their parents were sent home, the others remained in custody.
On November 10 about 60 yusmalians broke into St. Sophia Cathedral, the oldest standing church in the East Slavic lands. As they tried to vandlize the Cathedral, the police arrived. After a fight in which several people on both sides were hurt, the cultists were arrested. Both Krivonov and Tsvigun were among this group, and they were shown on Russian TV.
“I have prepared the scenario,” said Mrs. Tsvigun to the policemen. “That is why I am here. You do just as I have planned.”
“I, Prophet Yuoann Svami, confirm every word of God Maria Devi Khristos, and promise that it will come true,” continued Mr. Krivonov.
While Mrs. Tsvigun leaves the impression of a very seriously mentally disturbed person. Mr. Krivonogov seems to be quite in control of his faculties. He was officially charged with incitement of public disorder, with propagating suicides, and with harming the health of adolescents. It seems that he will have to spend a while behind bars. It is most likely that Mrs. Tsvigun will be released after a while.
As I write these lines, the day of the end of the world has not come. It seems that now, with God’s help, we were able to escape tragedy. Will we be as fortunate next time?” (Dialog Centre, Mai 1994)
In einer Publikation des Moskauer Patriarchates der Russisch-Orthodoxen Kirche aus dem Jahr 1997 ist eine detaillierte Analyse der Weißen Bruderschaft veröffentlicht, in der diese als „destruktive Organisation“ bezeichnet wird. Hier wird angegeben, dass bei den Unruhen in Kiew 616 Personen festgenommen worden seien. 137 Personen hätten daraufhin einen Hungerstreik angekündigt. Am 10. November 1993 seien die Leiter der Weißen Bruderschaft festgenommen worden. Marina Zwigun sei im Februar 1996 zu vier Jahren Freiheitsentzug verurteilt worden, Juri Kriwonogow zu sieben Jahren verschärfter Haft, und Witalij W. Kowaltschuk, ein weiterer Führer der Gemeinschaft, zu sechs Jahren verschärfter Haft: 
[Russisches Zitat entfernt] (Missionerskij Otdel Moskowskogo Patriarchata Russkoj Prawoslawnoj Zerkwi, 1997)
Neuere Informationen zur Lage der Weißen Bruderschaft
Die International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (IHF) erwähnte in ihrem Jahresbericht zum Jahr 2000, dass die Weiße Bruderschaft seit einigen Jahren versucht habe, sich registrieren zu lassen, aber nicht einmal eine offizielle Antwort auf den Antrag bekommen habe:
“For several years, the Universal White Brotherhood Church “Yusmalos” has attempted to register but in vain. It has not even received an official reply to its application for registration.” (IHF, 25. Mai 2001, S. 325)
Die Kiewer Zeitung Stolitschnye Nowosti veröffentlichte im Oktober 2002 einen Artikel unter der Überschrift „Die Weiße Bruderschaft kehrt zurück“, in dem angegeben wird, dass die Weiße Bruderschaft heute [also im Oktober 2002, Anmerkung von ACCORD] wieder das Leben hunderter Leute „vergifte“. Vor allem in den Gebieten Saporoschje, Dnjepropetrowsk und Donezk sei diese Sekte aktiv:
[Russisches Zitat entfernt] (Stolitschnye nowosti, 22. Oktober 2002)
Das russischsprachige Portal „Prowokazija“ berichtete im Mai 2003 unter dem Titel „Ruhe vor dem Sturm?“, dass die Weiße Bruderschaft zurückkehre. Juri Kriwonogow sei verschwunden, nachdem er seine Strafe abgesessen habe, aber Marina Zwigun würde neue Anhänger sammeln. Dies sei vor allem in Saporoschje und Kiew bemerkbar:
[Russisches Zitat entfernt] (Prowokazija, 17. Mai 2003)
Die International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (IHF) berichtete in ihrem Jahresbericht zu 2003, dass Anhänger von Minderheitenreligionen in der Ukraine ernsthafte Probleme hätten, bis hin zur Schikanierung von Einzelpersonen. So seien etwa am 18. Juni 2003 Alla Trofimez und Warwara Koschewnikowa, die beide der unregistrierten Weißen Bruderschaft in Eupatoria/Krim angehören, zur Polizei gebracht und befragt worden. Sie seien zu religiösen Themen und zu ihrer Einstellung gegenüber der Orthodoxen Kirche befragt worden:
“Minority religions faced serious problems, including the harassment of individuals.
On 18 June, Alla Trofimets and Russian citizen Varvara Kozhevnikova, both of whom belonged to the unregistered religious association “the Great White Brotherhood Usmalos” in Eupatoria (Autonomous Republic of Crimea), were taken by militia to the City Department of Internal Affairs and interrogated. All the questions dealt with purely religious issues, the main topic being their attitude toward the Orthodox Church.” (IHF, 23. April 2004, S. 10)
Die Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union berichtete im Juli 2006 von einem Gesetzesentwurf, der die Möglichkeit schaffen würde „totaliäre Sekten“ zu verbieten. Der Abgeordnete W. Spiwatschuk (engl. Schreibweise: V. Spivachuk), der diesen Entwurf eingebracht habe, habe als Beispiele für totalitäre Sekten unter anderem auch die Weiße Bruderschaft genannt. Die Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union bezeichnet diesen Gesetzesentwurf als unzulässig:
“There was lively debate over a legislative initiative from the State Deputy V. Spivachuk on “banning the activities of totalitarian religious sects” (Draft Law ¹ 8397 from 2 November 2005 ð. „On introducing amendments and supplements to the Law of Ukraine “On freedom of conscience and religious organizations”). According to the explanatory note to the draft law, its objective is “normative legal endorsement of a ban on the activities of totalitarian religious sects and the procedure for minors exercising the right to freedom of conscience”. The draft law’s author is convinced that totalitarian religious sects are socially harmful and that their followers undergo psychological and financial pressure, and may be drawn into illegal activities, and that minors are in particular danger. As examples, the author cites the activities of such organizations as the Unification Church, Scientology, the Cult of Satanism, the Transcendental Meditation Society, the White Brotherhood. The inadmissibility of this proposal, as the result of debate over the draft can be seen as a litmus test for the observance of the demands of democratic society both of the legislators themselves, and of the representatives of Ukrainian Churches.” (Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union, 7. Juli 2006, Kap. V, 3)
In den ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden Quellen konnten im Rahmen der zeitlich begrenzten Recherche keine weiteren aktuellen Informationen zur Lage der Weißen Bruderschaft in der Ukraine gefunden werden.
Zu Informationen zur Lage der Weißen Bruderschaft in der Russischen Föderation möchten wir Sie auf die ACCORD-Anfragebeantwortung a-4466 vom 14. Juni 2005 hinweisen, die auf unserer Datenbank ecoi.net veröffentlicht ist.
 
Diese Informationen beruhen auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Recherche in öffentlich zugänglichen Dokumenten, die ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehen. Diese Antwort stellt keine Meinung zum Inhalt eines bestimmten Ansuchens um Asyl oder anderen internationalen Schutz dar. Wir empfehlen, die verwendeten Materialien zur Gänze durchzusehen.
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