Dokument #1034140
IRB – Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (Autor)
According to a number of sources, the
Fuerzas Populares de Liberación (FPL, Popular Forces of
Liberation or, as some sources translate it, Popular Liberation
Forces) were formed in 1970 by Salvador Cayetano Carpio, after he
split from the Partido Comunista de El Salvador (PCES, Salvadorean
Communist Party). One source, the 1989 International Yearbook on
International Communist Affairs (Stanford: Hoover Institution
Press, 1989), in page 83, indicates the precise date of the groups
founding was 1 April 1970. Some of the other sources which state
that the FPL were formed in 1970 include the previous editions of
the International Yearbook on International Communist
Affairs (1984 through 1988), El Salvador (Cronología
sobre Centro America), by Eduardo Arboleda (UNHCR, 1970; page 4
and chart III) and the NACLA Report (July-August 1988, p.
34).
As requested by telephone, please find
attached copies of the 1989 International Yearbook, El
Salvador (Cronología) and the NACLA Report pages
which give the FPL founding year. Also attached, please find a copy
of pages 166-167 of Conflict in Central America
(Chicago/London: St. James Press, 1987) and page 92 of
Revolutionary and Dissident Movements (London: Longman
Publishing Group, 1988), in which the year given for the foundation
of the FPL is 1970.
In addition to the above, please find
attached a copy of page 169 of Les Cent Portes de l'Amerique
Latine (Paris: Editions Autrement, 1988) which states in its
first paragraph:
"Immédiatement après le
conflit qui oppose le Salvador au Honduras [asterisk indicates a
reference under that word elsewhere in the book], en 1969, un noyau
ouvrier, minorité dissidente du parti communiste
emmenée par Cayetano Carpio, fonde les Forces populaires de
libération (FPL)."
Finally, attached to this response you may
find a copy of page 114 of Latin American Political
Movements (London: Longman Publishing Group, 1985) which gives
1977 as the year of foundation of the FPL. This appears to
contradict all other sources, but coincides with the year in which
the FPL carried out a major action: kidnapping and murdering the
Salvadorean Foreign Minister.
However, another source (The American
Connection Volume I; London: Zed Books, 1985. Not attached
because it does not state a year of foundation) states in page 171
that:
"In September 1972 the National Guard post
in Pandinales was attacked by 11 guerrillas, several of whom were
killed. Shortly afterwards the Fuerzas Populares de
Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL, Popular Liberation
Forces Farabundo Martí) announced their existence and
claimed credit for the Pandinales operation. A series of bombings
followed and, in early 1973, police posts and multinational firms
were attacked. By the end of 1973 both the FPL and the fledgling
Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, (ERP, People's
Revolutionary Army) were engaging in sporadic bombings and armed
attacks."