Information on the above-mentioned topic that would update Response to Information Request SOM20737.E of 31 May 1995 could not be found among the sources consulted by the DIRB. However, for current information on the situation in the Juba valley and the area surrounding Kismayo, please consult the attached United Nations documents.

This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the DIRB within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Please find below the list of additional sources consulted in researching this Information Request.

United Nations. July 1996. From Relief to Development in Somalia: Situation Report for the Period 1-15 July 1996. Nairobi: Office of the United Nations Humanitarian and Resident Coordinator for Somalia, pp. 2-5.

_____. June 1996. From Relief to Development in Somalia: Situation Report for the Period 16-30 June 1996. Nairobi: Office of the United Nations Humanitarian and Resident Coordinator for Somalia, pp. 3-7.

_____. June 1996. From Relief to Development in Somalia: Situation Report for the Period 1-15 June 1996. Nairobi: Office of the United Nations Humanitarian and Resident Coordinator for Somalia, pp. 3, 5.

Africa Confidential. 1996.

Africa Research Bulletin. 1996.

Current History. 1996.

DIRB Indexed Media Review (IMR). 1996.

DIRB Somalia Country File. 1996.

Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) Daily Reports. 1996.

Horn of Africa Bulletin. 1996.

Information Session on Country Conditions on Somalia. February 1996.

The Indian Ocean Newsletter. 1996.

USAID Situation Reports. 1996.

Two oral sources did not provide information on the requested subject.

Note on oral sources

Oral sources are usually contacted when documentary sources have been exhausted. However, oral sources must agree to be quoted in a publicly available Response to Information Request. If they refuse, the Response will read "no information could be found among the sources consulted." Contacting oral sources is also subject to time constraints; for example, there are periods of the year when academics are unavailable. Telephone calls to Africa are often constrained by the limited telecommunications capacity.