Dokument #1020751
IRB – Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (Autor)
1) There are government-run employment
agencies which centralize job offers and requests but
theoretically, the employee can refuse the job found for him/her.
[Tsien Tche-Hao, Le Droit Chinois (Paris: Les Presses
Universitaires de France, 1982), p. 107.] Both employee and
employer must accept the arrangement unless there are serious
objections. [Ibid.] Since 1977 work units are permitted to
recruit directly. [Ibid.] From the information available to
the IRBDC it does not appear that a work permit is required in the
PRC. Changing jobs is difficult, though, because the management of
work units are reluctant to give the necessary permission. [U.S
Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
for 1988 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989),
p. 776.] Licensing has also been done away with. [Op.
cit., Tsien Tche-Hao, p. 108.] However, it has also been
reported that the regulations regarding private enterprises are
somewhat vague and subject to varying application. [Louise do
Rosario, "The Private Dilemma", Far Eastern Economic Review,
20 November 1986, pp. 28-29.] Special identity cards are necessary
for employment in the special economic zones. [Op.
cit., U.S. Department of State.]
2) See above. For your information, a copy
of an article outlining the reforms in the Chinese labour market is
attached.
3) As is pointed out in the World
Encyclopedia of Political Systems and Parties Vol. l, the
Chinese Communist Party is actually a small elite of less than four
percent of the country's population, even though at 40 million
members it is the world's largest communist party. Therefore, it
would appear that refusal to join the Communist Party would only
entail a certain loss of opportunity, given the Party's major role
in Chinese society and its control of the state apparatus. The
attached articles from Le Monde, The Financial Times,
and The New York Times Magazine provide an overview of the
Party's position in Chinese society and the power and benefits
accruing to its members.