For information on the above-mentioned subjects, please consult the attachments.

This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the DIRB within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum.

Agence France Presse (AFP). 13 July 1995. "Human Rights Expert Condemns Yeltsin's Chechnya Decrees as 'Crime'." (DIRB Indexed Media Review [Ottawa]. 11-17 July 1995, Vol. 10, No. 2)

_____. 29 June 1995. "Council of Europe Condemns Russian Rights Violations in Chechnya." (NEXIS)

_____. 16 June 1995. "Grachev Calls for Force to Crush Chechen Rebels in Budennovsk." (NEXIS)

_____. 8 May 1995. "US Slams Russian Troops Over Atrocities Reported in Chechnya." (NEXIS)

_____. 27 April 1995. "Russian Prosecutor General Investigating War Crimes." (NEXIS)

_____. 12 April 1995. "Les forces russes violent le droit humanitaire, selon le CICR." (NEXIS)

Amnesty International. 12 April 1995. Urgent Action: Russia: Further Reports that Russian Troops Have Deliberately Killed Civilians. (AI Index: EUR46/09/95). London: Amnesty International.

_____. 17 March 1995. "Amnesty International Calls on Russian Authorities to Investigate Human Rights Violations in the Chechen Republic." (AI Index: EUR 46/WU 04/95). London: Amnesty International.

_____. 13 March 1995. Urgent Action: Russia: Further Deaths Reported After Russian Troops Fire on People Leaving the Chechen Republic-Ichkeriya. (AI Index: EUR46/06/95). London: Amnesty International.

_____. 2 February 1995. "Russia: Amnesty International Calls for Immediate Action on Allegations of Human Rights Violations in the Chechen Republic." (AI Index: EUR 46/WU 03/95). London: Amnesty International.

_____. 19 January 1995. "Russia: Amnesty International Raises Treatment of Captured Russian Troops."(AI Index: EUR 46/WU 02/95). London: Amnesty International.

_____. 4 January 1995. Urgent Action: Russia: Ten Reported Dead After Russian Troops Fire on People Leaving the Chechen Republic-Ichkeriya. (AI Index: EUR46/01/95). London: Amnesty International.

Baltimore Sun. 6 May 1995. Final Edition. "Russian Gunships, Artillery Pound Chechen Village." (NEXIS)

BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. 14 July 1995. "Human Rights Activist Admits Chechens Have Transgressed." (NEXIS)

_____. 29 May 1995. "Military Situation; Torture of Russian Serviceman in Chechnya Reported." (NEXIS)

_____. 30 January 1995. "Military Situation; Russians Accused of Summary Executions of Abkhaz in Chechnya." (DIRB Indexed Media Review [Ottawa], 24-30 Jan. 1995, Vol. 9, No. 4)

_____. 25 January 1995. "Other Reports; Red Cross Spokesman Says Russian Army Violating Human Rights in Chechnya." (NEXIS)

_____. 23 January 1995. "Military Situation on 21st January; Mutilated Corpses of Russian Servicemen Show Signs of Torture." (DIRB Indexed Media Review [Ottawa], 24-30 Jan. 1995, Vol. 9, No. 4)

_____. 14 January 1995. "Military Situation; Russian Soldiers Allegedly Ordered to Kill Chechen Civilians." (NEXIS)

The Dayton Daily News. 27 February 1995. City Edition. Victoria Clark. "Mass Graves Reveal Abuses; Occupying Forces Making Reign of Terror in Chechnya." (NEXIS)

Human Rights Watch/Helsinki. May 1995. Russia: Partisan War in Chechnya on the Eve of the WWII Commemoration. New York: Human Rights Watch/Helsinki, pp. 2-10, 13-19.

_____. February 1995. Russia: Three Months of War in Chechnya. New York: Human Rights Watch/Helsinki, pp. 2-24.

_____. January 1995. Russia: Russia's War in Chechnya: Victims Speak Out. New York: Human Rights Watch/Helsinki, pp. 2-6.

_____. January 1995. Russia: War in Chechnya: New Report From the Field. New York: Human Rights Watch/Helsinki, pp. 2-12.

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in Russian]. 11 May 1995. "Duma Deputies Deny Excesses in Samashki." (FBIS-SOV-95-092 12 May 1995, pp. 50-51)

_____. 27 April 1995. "Criminal Proceedings Instituted." (FBIS-SOV-95-082 28 Apr. 1995, p. 43)

_____. 13 April 1995. "Deputies Accuse Russian Troops of Atrocities in Samashki." (FBIS-SOV-95-072 14 Apr. 1995, pp. 26-27)

_____. 7 April 1995. "Elders in Samashki Reportedly Executed." (FBIS-SOV-95-068 10 Apr. 1995, p. 23)

Izvestiya [Moscow, in Russian]. 18 April 1995. "'Crime Against Humanity' Seen in Samashki." (FBIS-SOV-95-074 18 Apr. 1995, pp. 41-42)

Le Monde [Paris]. 10 July 1995. Naudet Jean Baptiste. "Un massacre de civils en Tchetchenie perturbe les negociations en cours; Le soupcon se porte sur les miltaires russes." (DIRB Indexed Media Review) [Ottawa], 4-10 July 1995, Vol. 10, No. 1)

Libération [Paris]. 1 February 1995. "Scènes de torture en Tchétchénie," p. 8.

Moscow News [Moscow, in English]. 21-27 April 1995. "Samashki Massacre in Chechnya 'Genocide'." (FBIS-SOV-95-091-S 11 May 1995, pp. 52-54)

National Public Radio. 3 April 1995. "Human Rights Abuses Charged in Russia's Chechnya War." (NEXIS)

Novoye Vremya [Moscow, in Russian]. 14 March 1995. "'Leaders' Criminal Liability Over Chechnya Argued." (FBIS-SOV-95-064-S 4 Apr. 1995, pp. 36-40)

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI), Prague. 31 January 1995. "OSCE Delegation on Chechnya." (Monitor [Washington, DC]. 3 Feb. 1995. Vol. 6, No. 3, p. 6)

_____. 25 January 1995. "Four Journalists Shot, 107 Beaten By the Military in Chechnya." (Monitor [Washington, DC]. 3 Feb. 1995. Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 6-7)

The Ottawa Citizen. 14 February 1995. Final Edition. James. P. Gallagher. "Terror, Greed Fuel Russian Atrocities." (DIRB Indexed Media Review [Ottawa], 14-20 Feb. 1995, Vol. 9, No. 7)

Radiostantsiya Ekho Moskvy [Moscow, in Russian]. 8 April 1995. "Russian Troops Attempt to Take Samashki." (FBIS-SOV-95-068 10 Apr. 1995, p. 23)

_____. 6 February 1995. "Minister Admits to Human Rights Violations in Chechnya." (FBIS-SOV-95-025 7 Feb. 1995, p. 23)

Reuters. 9 May 1995. BC Cycle. "Jurists Condemn Russia for Chechnya "Massacres'." (NEXIS)

_____. 27 February 1995. BC Cycle. "Russian Forces Violating Rights in Chechnya-Report." (NEXIS)

_____. 7 February 1995. BC Cycle. Robert Evans. "Russia Grossly Violating Rights in Chechnya-Bonner." (DIRB Indexed Media Review [Ottawa], 7-13 Feb. 1995, Vol. 9, No. 6)

_____. 22 January 1995. BC Cycle. Konstantin Trifonov. "Russians Bombard Grozny Residents Fetching Water." (NEXIS)

Rossiyskaya Gazeta [Moscow, in Russian]. 27 June 1995. "Justice Minister on Basayev Crimes, Duma Vote." (FBIS-SOV-95-124 28 June 1995, pp. 39-41)

_____. 22 February 1995. "OMON Chief Denies Chechnya 'Atrocities'." (FBIS-SOV-95-037 24 Feb. 1995, pp. 28-29)

Russian Television Network [Moscow, in Russian]. 24 February 1995. "Helsinki Watch: Human Rights Violations in Chechnya." (FBIS-SOV-95-037 24 Feb. 1995, p. 28)

Segodnya [Moscow, in Russian]. 5 May 1995. "Internal Troops Accused of Murder." (FBIS-SOV-95-087 5 May 1995, p. 41)

The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union [TASS]. [Moscow]. 24 May 1994. Vitaly Makarchev. "Captured Russian Servicemen in Chechnya Tortured By Rebels." (DIRB Indexed Media Review [Ottawa], 23-29 May 1995, Vol. 9, No. 21)

Uncaptive Minds [Washington, DC]. Spring 1995. Vol. 8, No. 1. Zbigniew Romaszewski. "Urgent Action: Report on the Observance of Human Rights in the Russian-Chechen Conflict," pp. 5-7.

The United Press International (UPI). 14 June 1995. BC Cycle. "Russia Censures its Troops in Chechnya." (NEXIS)

_____. 30 May 1995. BC Cycle. Steven Gutterman. "Kovalev: Civilians Tortured in Chechnya." (NEXIS)