No information as to whether 18-year-old males who may at some point be required by the state to serve in the military are precluded by the state from obtaining a passport until they complete their military service could be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate.

This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Please find below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request.

Sources Consulted

Albanian Helsinki Committee Newsletter [Tirana]

Foreign Law. Current Sources of Codes and Legislation in Jurisdictions of the World [Littleton, Co.]

IRB Databases

LEXIS/NEXIS

Report on the activities of the Albanian Helsinki Committee [Tirana]

Internet sites including:

Albanian Parliament

The Balkans Human Rights Web Pages

Central and East European Law Initiative (CEELI) American Bar Association [Washington, DC]

Cornell Legal Information Institute. World Legal Materials from Europe: Albania

East European Constitutional Review [New York City]

European Bureau for Conscientious Objection (EBCO) [Barcelona]

FindLaw: Albania

Gonzaga University School of Law. CEESource: Albania.

The International Crisis Group (ICG) [Brussels]

LawGuru: Internet Law Library: Albania

Pritchard Law Webs. Internet Law Library: Albania

Public Interest Law Initiative in Transitional Societies [New York City]

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) [Prague]

The Rule of Law Through Technology Initiative. Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology.
UK Immigration and Nationality Directorate.

Country Assessments

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
US Department of State.

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2001

US Department of State.

Foreign Affairs Manual & Foreign Affairs Handbook. 9 FAM Visas. Albania.

War Resisters' International [London, UK]

Washburn University School of Law Library . ForIntLaw: Albania

World Directory of National Parliamentary Libraries: Albania (German Bundestag)

World News Connection (WNC)