Information related to the recent fighting
Background information
The following reports and articles explain the background of the recent fighting:
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Brief chronology of political developments since 2018
Sudan's years of political strife (Media Report, English)
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Background article on the fighting between the army and the Rapid Support Forces
Sudan fighting: The military rivalry behind the clashes in Khartoum (Media Report, English)
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Brief background article on the power struggle
Factbox: The struggle for power in Sudan (Media Report, English)
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Brief background article on the Rapid Support Forces
Factbox: Who are Sudan's Rapid Support Forces? (Media Report, English)
The most recent documents on the issue
These are the most recent documents from a search for terms related to the fighting: (You can find more, and customise your search under this search link.)
Considered synonyms: al, awami, awami, bal, bangladesh, bengalese, burhan, league, lega, liga, people's, popolare, popolare, rapid support forces
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White Nile state: At least 10 people killed in drone strikes on Al‑Jabalain hospital
Strike on Al‑Jabalain hospital results in 10 fatalities, including seven medical staff (Appeal or News Release, English)
- On 2 April 2026, a drone attack reportedly carried out by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF)targeted [https://www.msf.org/attacks-medical-care] Al‑Jabalain hospital in White Nile state. There were twostrikes [https://www.msf.org/conflict-sudan], one hit the operating theatre and the other one the maternity ward.
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Al-Gazira: Report of the role of the state in relation to food security in the country
Rebuilding the Breadbasket; Why Aj Jazirah is Central to Sudan's Food Security (Special or Analytical Report, English)
- During the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) occupation of Aj Jazirah (from December 2023 to early 2025), management of the irrigation scheme ground to a halt, inputs and machinery were seized from warehouses, markets and seed banks were looted, and transportation routes became inaccessible and unaffordable at critical moments in the summer harvest and winter planting cycles. […] In 2023–2024, the impact of the conflict prevented immediate repair of flood damage, leaving stretches of the network degraded or unmanaged heading into subsequent seasons.3 Conflict escalation and agricultural system decline By late 2023, the war in Sudan had rapidly expanded into Aj Jazirah State, and in December 2023, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) seized the state’s capital, Wad Madani, where
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Report on gender-based violence (operational context; age and gender of refugees; gender-based violence risks) (as of March 2026)
Protection Brief; Gender-Based Violence; Sudan Situation; March 2026 (Periodical Report, English)
- Support Forces (RSF) in April 2023, Sudan continues to be the largest displacement and protection crisis globally. […] These attacks undermine the ability of women-focused organizations to provide vital protection and support services to the affected communities. 3 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Report of the OHCHR Sudan Country Office on the Offensive of the Rapid Support Forces on Zamzam IDP Camp, North Darfur (11–13 April 2025): “Three Days of Terror with No Safe Refuge” ( […] 18 December 2025) https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/sudan/ohchr-sudan-rapid-support-forces-zamzam-idp-camp-north-darfur-3-days-safe-refuge- offensive-april-terror-1-en.pdf accessed 23 March 2026. 4 UNHCR Operational Data Portal, Sudan Situation (UNHCR Data Portal, updated 2026) https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation accessed 23 March 2026. 5 https://reliefweb.int […] https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/sudan/ohchr-sudan-rapid-support-forces-zamzam-idp-camp-north-darfur-3-days-safe-refuge-offensive-april-terror-1-en.pdf [https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/sudan/ohchr-sudan-rapid-support-forces-zamzam-idp-camp-north-darfur-3-days-safe-refuge-offensive-april-terror-1-en.pdf] https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/ […] files/documents/countries/sudan/ohchr-sudan-rapid-support-forces-zamzam-idp-camp-north-darfur-3-days-safe-refuge-offensive-april-terror-1-en.pdf [https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/sudan/ohchr-sudan-rapid-support-forces-zamzam-idp-camp-north-darfur-3-days-safe-refuge-offensive-april-terror-1-en.pdf] https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation [https://data.unhcr.org
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Article on sexual violence during and after periods of fighting in the area
Sexual violence part of 'everyday life' in parts of Sudan, charity says (Media Report, English)
- The warring parties - Sudan's army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) - are both accused of sexual violence. But Darfur is the stronghold of the RSF and the vast majority of perpetrators identified by survivors were their fighters.
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Report on the security, political, humanitarian and economic developments and human rights
Sudan Conflict Monitor # 25; Persian Gulf escalation and its implications for Sudan (Periodical Report, English)
- While the war remains driven by competition between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), insecurity in the Red Sea and Gulf is increasingly shaping the strategic and economic context in which both actors operate.
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Country report on political participation; rule of law; stability of democratic institutions; socioeconomic development; economic transformation; private property; etc. (covering February 2023 to January 2025)
BTI 2026 Country Report - Sudan (Periodical Report, English)
- Executive Summary Between 2023 and 2025, Sudan experienced the eruption of a power struggle between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (known as “Hemedti”). The April 2023 war has received little global attention, but has devastated the country’s infrastructure and left the civilian population in a dire situation. […] The paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), an offshoot of the Janjaweed militia originally recruited to fight rebels in Darfur, was formally established in 2013 and generously supported by the state budget. Former President Omar al-Bashir empowered the RSF at the expense of the SAF in an attempt to counter potential coup threats. […] Political Transformation 1 | Stateness Question Score Since the war between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) erupted in April 2023, the state’s monopoly on the use of force has existed only in key parts of the country, such as Port Sudan and eastern Sudan. […] The current war erupted in April 2023 as a power struggle between the two generals: Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, commander of the SAF, and Mohamed Hamdan Daglo (“Hemedti”), commander of the RSF. In October 2021, they jointly orchestrated a military coup that toppled the transitional government, which was facing serious challenges including an economic crisis and deeply flawed security sector. […] In 2013, President al-Bashir formalized the Janjaweed militia and renamed the group the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) under the command of Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, known as “Hemedti.”
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