Information related to the recent fighting
Background information
The following reports and articles explain the background of the recent fighting:
The most recent documents on the issue
These are the most recent documents from a search for terms related to the fighting: (You can find more, and customise your search under this search link.)
Considered synonyms: al, awami, awami, bal, bangladesh, bengalese, burhan, league, lega, liga, people's, popolare, popolare, rapid support forces
1 December 2025 | Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Author)
Sudan
Country report (as of December 2025)
Algemeen Ambtsbericht Soedan (Periodical Report, Dutch)
- Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, beter bekend als ‘Hemedti’, werd de vicevoorzitter van
de TSC. Hemedti stond aan het hoofd van de Rapid Support Forces (Snelle
Ondersteuningstroepen, RSF),27 een paramilitaire strijdmacht.28 Er bestonden
spanningen en wantrouwen tussen de SAF onder Burhan en de RSF onder Hemedti. […] Zij zouden binnen de raad Oost- en
Centraal-Soedan
43 Darfur24, Tasis picks Hemeti as Chairman of the Leadership Council, 1
juli 2025. Radio Tamazuj, RSF’s Hemetti to lead new alliance, 2 juli 2025.
Sudans Post, Tasis Alliance announces leadership with Hemedti at the helm, 2
juli 2025. Sudans Post, RSF and allies form parallel gov’t under Hemedti to
challenge army rule, 26 juli 2025. […] Vertrouwelijke bron, 1 mei 2025. 219 Het ging om Jar El Nabi Abdalla bijgenaamd
‘Ostura’. 220 SWM, Rapid Support Forces execute civilians in Omdurman, 29 april
2025. 221 Vertrouwelijke bron, 1 mei 2025. […] SWM, Rapid Support Forces execute civilians in
Omdurman, 29 april 2025. […] Vertrouwelijke bron,
4 juli 2025. 709 Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW), Rapid Support Forces
bomb three churches in El Fasher, 18 juni 2025. SUNA, Al-Dagalo terrorist
militia assassinates Catholic Church pastor in El-Fashir, 23 juni 2025. 710
Vertrouwelijke bron, 4 juli 2025. 711 Sudan Tribune, Sudanese party condemns
church demolition in Khartoum, 12 juli 2025.
December 2025 | Amnesty International (Author)
Sudan
North Darfur: Report on attacks by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on Zamzam IDP camp on 11 and 12 April 2025 (killing of civilians; destruction of civilian objects; pillage; hostage-taking for the purpose of ransom or exploitation; displacement and humanitarian impact)
“A Refuge Destroyed”: RSF Violations in Darfur’s Zamzam Camp for Internally Displaced Persons [AFR 54/0509/2025] (Special or Analytical Report, English)
- North Darfur: Report on attacks by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on Zamzam IDP camp on 11 and 12 April 2025 (killing of civilians; destruction of civilian objects; pillage; hostage-taking for the purpose of ransom or exploitation; displacement and humanitarian impact)
- Norddarfur: Bericht zu Angriffen der paramilitärischen Rapid Support Forces (RSF) auf das Binnenvertriebenenlager Zamzam am 11. und 12. April 2025 (Tötung von Zivilist·innen; Zerstörung ziviler Objekte; Plünderung; Geiselnahme um Lösegeld zu fordern oder das Opfer auszubeuten; Vertreibung und humanitäre Auswirkungen)
- BACKGROUND
Millions of people have been affected by the non-international armed conflict
between the Sudanese Armed Forces
(SAF), led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the Rapid Support Forces
(RSF), commanded by Mohamed
Hamdan Dagalo (commonly known as Hemedti) and their allied forces which
erupted on 15 April 2023.2 Due to the
ongoing fighting, restricted access, and communication blackouts […] / [https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/sudan-armed-forces-saf-killed-dozens-in-an-air-strike-on-a-crowded-market-in-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf-controlled-town-of-kabkabiya-in-north-darfur/]
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/sudan-armed-forces-saf-killed-dozens-in-an-air-strike-on-a-crowded-market-in-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf-controlled-town-of-kabkabiya-in-north-darfur […] sub-site=HRC]
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp8wzzjze8xo [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp8wzzjze8xo]
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/sudan-armed-forces-saf-killed-dozens-in-an-air-strike-on-a-crowded-market-in-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf-controlled-town-of-kabkabiya-in-north-darfur/ [https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/sudan-armed-forces-saf-killed-dozens-in-an-air-strike-on-a-crowded-market-in-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf-controlled-town-of-kabkabiya-in-north-darfur […] /]
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/sudan-armed-forces-saf-killed-dozens-in-an-air-strike-on-a-crowded-market-in-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf-controlled-town-of-kabkabiya-in-north-darfur/ [https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/sudan-armed-forces-saf-killed-dozens-in-an-air-strike-on-a-crowded-market-in-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf-controlled-town-of-kabkabiya-in-north-darfur […] / [https://dnhr.org/2025/04/06/on-the-continued-rocket-attacks-and-siege-of-zamzam-idp-camp-north-darfur-by-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf/]
https://dnhr.org/2025/04/06/on-the-continued-rocket-attacks-and-siege-of-zamzam-idp-camp-north-darfur-by-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf/ [https://dnhr.org/2025/04/06/on-the-continued-rocket-attacks-and-siege-of-zamzam-idp-camp-north-darfur-by-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf
30 November 2025 | BBC News (Author)
Sudan
Article on the experiences and the humanitarian situation of people who fled the armed conflicts
'I saw them driving over injured people' - the terrifying escape from war in Sudan (Media Report, English)
- The 62-year-old walks with a heavy limp, but he was so panicked when fighters
from the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) finally captured the city in
the western Darfur region, he felt no pain as he ran.
"The morning the RSF came there were bullets, many bullets, and explosives
going off," he says. […] "The specific allegations raised - looting, killings, sexual violence, or
mistreatment of civilians - do not reflect our directives," said Dr Ibrahim
Mukhayer, an adviser to RSF leader Gen Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo.
"Any RSF member proven responsible for wrongdoing will be held fully
accountable."
27 November 2025 | OHCHR – UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (Author)
Sudan
North Darfur: UN experts concerned about reports of trafficking and sexual exploitation of women and girls and recruitment of child soldiers in al-Fashir
Sudan: UN experts call for urgent action to combat trafficking in El Fasher (Appeal or News Release, English)
- “We are deeply concerned at the alarming reports of human trafficking since
the takeover of El Fasher and surrounding areas by the Rapid Support Forces
(RSF),” the experts said. “Women and girls have been abducted in RSF-controlled
areas, and women, unaccompanied and separated children are at elevated risk of
sexual violence and sexual exploitation.”
25 November 2025 | ReliefWeb (publishing platform), ACAPS (Author)
Sudan
West and Central Darfur: Report on impacts of the conflict on the economy and livelihoods
Sudan: Economic impacts and emerging trends in West and Central Darfur (Special or Analytical Report, English)
- The outbreak of the full-scale conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces
(SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in April 2023 was the main impetus for
the cascading economic effects in both states (ACLED 01/12/2023; CFR accessed
23/07/2025). […] https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/sites/default/files/documents/resources/SPARC_The%20Impact%20of%20War%20on%20Trade%20and%20Markets%20in%20Darfur.pdf [https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/sites/default/files/documents/resources/SPARC_The%20Impact%20of%20War%20on%20Trade%20and%20Markets%20in%20Darfur.pdf]
https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/publications-resources/darfurs-long-distance-trade-impact-war-and-rapid-support-forces-trade […] [https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/publications-resources/darfurs-long-distance-trade-impact-war-and-rapid-support-forces-trade]
https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/publications-resources/market-monitoring-localised-research-extreme-conflict-learning [https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/publications-resources/market-monitoring-localised-research-extreme-conflict-learning]
https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/sites […] 04/2025 a and 14/04/2025 b); KII
(01/08/2025); CCS (22/10/2024)
https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/aid-organizations-call-humanitarian-corridor-and-protection-civilians-west-darfur [https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/aid-organizations-call-humanitarian-corridor-and-protection-civilians-west-darfur]
https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/publications-resources/darfurs-long-distance-trade-impact-war-and-rapid-support-forces-trade […] [https://www.sparc-knowledge.org/publications-resources/darfurs-long-distance-trade-impact-war-and-rapid-support-forces-trade]
https://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/CCS-Commercial-Markets-Analysis-Report.pdf [https://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/CCS-Commercial-Markets-Analysis-Report.pdf]
https://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/CCS-Commercial-Markets-Analysis-Report.pdf
25 November 2025 | Amnesty International (Author)
Sudan
North Darfur: 28 survivors from al-Fashir report on killings, beatings, rape and sexual assault perpetrated by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF)
Sudan: El Fasher survivors tell of deliberate RSF killings and sexual violence – new testimony (Appeal or News Release, English)
- North Darfur: 28 survivors from al-Fashir report on killings, beatings, rape and sexual assault perpetrated by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF)
- Norddarfur: 28 Überlebende aus al-Faschir berichten über Tötungen, Prügel, Vergewaltigung und sexuelle Übergriffe durch die paramilitärischen Rapid Support Forces (RSF)
- * 28 survivors tell of killings, beatings, rape and sexual assault
* RSF fighters responsible for attacks on civilians must be held accountable
* United Arab Emirates’ support for the RSF responsible for facilitating
violence
Survivors who escaped El Fasher in Sudan’s North Darfur State have detailed
to Amnesty International how fighters with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF)
executed scores
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