21. März 2024

Die folgenden Ausschnitte aus ausgewählten Quellen enthalten Informationen zu oben genannter Fragestellung (Zugriff auf alle Quellen am 21. März 2024):

Bitte beachten Sie, dass die in dieser Anfragebeantwortung enthaltenen Übersetzungen aus dem Chinesischen unter Verwendung von technischen Übersetzungshilfen erstellt wurden. Es besteht daher ein erhöhtes Risiko, dass diese Arbeitsübersetzungen Ungenauigkeiten enthalten.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Ausstellung von chinesischen Reisepässen für Uigur·innen in China

Voraussetzungen

Ausstellung von chinesischen Reisepässen für Uigur·innen im Ausland

Voraussetzungen

Ausstellung von chinesischen Personalausweisen für Uigur·innen in China

Voraussetzungen

Ausstellung von chinesischen Personalausweisen für Uigur·innen im Ausland

Ausstellung von chinesischen Reisepässen für Uigur·innen in China

Das Hohe Kommissariat der Vereinten Nationen für Menschenrechte (OHCHR) ist eine Abteilung des Sekretariats der Vereinten Nationen mit dem Auftrag, Menschenrechte zu fördern und zu schützen sowie Menschenrechtsverletzungen zu verhindern.

·      OHCHR – UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: OHCHR Assessment of human rights concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China, 31. August 2022
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2078213/22-08-31-final-assesment.pdf

„Available information also strongly suggests that Government officials began confiscating passports of Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim minorities around 2014, and that this practice increased from the end of 2016 onwards.“ (OHCHR, 31. August 2022, S. 31)

Das Außenministerium der Niederlande (Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken, BZ) ist die Regierungsbehörde der Niederlande, die für die auswärtigen Angelegenheiten des Landes zuständig ist.

·      Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Country of origin information report China, 1. Juli 2020
https://www.government.nl/binaries/government/documenten/reports/2020/07/01/country-of-origin-information-report-china-july-2020/COI+Report+China.pdf

„Legally leaving Xinjiang was made virtually impossible for Uighurs during the reporting period. Their Chinese passports were either withdrawn or their passports applications were refused, making it impossible for them to travel out of Xinjiang.“ (Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1. Juli 2020, S. 51)

Amnesty International (AI) ist eine internationale regierungsunabhängige Menschenrechtsorganisation mit Hauptsitz in London.

·      AI – Amnesty International: The nightmare of Uyghur families separated by repression, 19. März 2021
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa17/3798/2021/en/

„In late 2016, Chinese authorities began systematically confiscating passports from people in Xinjiang. Ordered to surrender their passports to local police stations, many families decided to leave the country while they still could and come back later for children who did not yet have a passport. Once abroad, parents who made inquiries at Chinese embassies or consulates were provided no information but told only to go back to Xinjiang, where it is highly likely they would be subjected to arbitrary detention and other forms of extralegal punishment.“ (AI, 19. März 2021, S. 6)

„Dilnur, who is originally from Kashgar, currently lives with her 11-year-old daughter and studies English in Canada. She left China for Turkey with her daughter in 2016 as they were often severely harassed by the local police, who repeatedly searched her house and ordered her to take off her hijab. It had taken about a year for authorities to issue passports to her two daughters (her 11-year-old and another daughter aged nine) while the police denied her passport application for her seven-year-old son. When Dilnur asked why, the local police told her it was because they believed she would not come back to China if they issued a passport to him. Because her younger daughter’s allergies prevented her from travelling abroad, Dilnur had to leave her and her son behind in the care of her parents. A few months after Dilnur left China, she learned from her family that her younger daughter’s passport had been confiscated by the police.“ (AI, 19. März 2021, S. 8)

Die Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ) ist eine Schweizer Tageszeitung.

·      NZZ – Neue Zürcher Zeitung: «Sperrt jeden ein, der eingesperrt gehört», sagte der KP-Chef von Xinjiang – drei Uiguren erzählen, was das für sie bedeutet, 27. März 2021
https://www.nzz.ch/international/china-uiguren-bezeugen-chinas-unterdrueckung-in-xinjiang-nzz-ld.1605840

„Das ändert sich 2016. Die Eltern hätten sie damals davor gewarnt, nach Xinjiang zu kommen, erzählt die inzwischen 24-jährige Studentin in einem verschlüsselten Telefonat. Sie bleibt im Ausland. 2019 hat sie jedoch keine Wahl mehr, denn ihr chinesischer Pass läuft ab. Während Han-Chinesen Ausweise auf Botschaften im Ausland erneuern können, werden Uiguren gezwungen, dafür nach Xinjiang zu reisen. […]

‚Es gibt kein Leben mehr in Xinjiang, nur noch Überleben. Xinjiang ist zum Freiluftgefängnis geworden. Meine einzige Hoffnung auf ein normales Leben war die Flucht zurück ins Ausland. Doch Uiguren erhalten kaum einen neuen Pass. Jeden Tag ging ich auf den Polizeiposten. Meine Mutter umarmte mich jedes Mal, bevor ich das Haus verliess. Sie fürchtete wohl, sie würde mich nie mehr sehen. Ständig forderten die Beamten zusätzliche Dokumente, oder sie sagten, ich müsse mich gedulden. So ging es anderthalb Jahre. Ich verlor beinahe meinen Studienplatz im Ausland. Mein Freund hatte mich schon lange verlassen.‘

Erst als Aygül Abdurahmans Vater, eigentlich ein einflussreicher Mann, die Polizisten mit teurem Schnaps und Geschenken besticht, erhält sie ihren Pass und darf ausreisen. Damit ist sie eine Ausnahme. Die rund zwölf Millionen Uigurinnen und Uiguren in Xinjiang leben ständig unter der Willkür und Kontrolle, welche die Studentin beschreibt.“ (NZZ, 27. März 2021)

Human Rights Watch (HRW) ist eine internationale Nichtregierungsorganisation mit Sitz in New York City, die sich für den weltweiten Schutz der Menschenrechte einsetzt.

·      HRW - Human Rights Watch: “Break Their Lineage, Break Their Roots”, China’s Crimes against Humanity Targeting Uyghurs and Other Turkic Muslims, 19. April 2021
https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/19/break-their-lineage-break-their-roots/chinas-crimes-against-humanity-targeting

„The justifications officials have used to detain Turkic Muslim individuals in the camps have often been trivial. The ‘Qaraqash Document’ – an internal official document leaked in February 2020 by the Uyghur Human Rights Project – detailed the reasons for which internees in a district of Qaraqash county were detained. Overseas connections featured prominently, including overseas travel, especially to any of 26 ‘sensitive’ countries, going on an unofficial Hajj pilgrimage, applying for a passport, communicating with someone abroad, and even engaging in conduct such as ‘accidentally clicking on an overseas website on their phone.’” (HRW, 19. April 2021)

Das Country Policy and Information Team ist ein Teil jener Abteilung des britischen Innenministeriums (UK Home Office), die für Asyl- und Menschenrechtsfragen zuständig ist, und schreibt Länderberichte und Richtlinien.

·      UK Home Office: Country Policy and Information Note China: Muslims (including Uyghurs in Xinjiang) [Version 2.0], Juli 2022
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2075453/CHN_CPIN_-_Muslims.pdf

„There are widespread reports that authorities are highly suspicious of Uyghurs and other Muslim ethnic minorities in Xinjiang who have family overseas or who have travelled overseas. All residents are reported to have to surrender their passports and face restrictions on overseas and internal travel.“ (UK Home Office, Juli 2022, S. 8)

„Detention facilities within the Xinjiang province continue to be built and are across every populated area of the region. Amnesty International, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) and BuzzFeed’s news investigation into internment camps noted that visiting foreign websites, maintaining ties with family abroad, applying for a passport, downloading WhatsApp or engaging in prayer are all offences which Muslims in the region have been detained for.“ (UK Home Office, Juli 2022, S. 9)

Voice of America (VOA) ist der offizielle staatliche Auslandssender der USA.

·      VOA – Voice of America: VOA Interview: Uyghur Emigre Describes Life in China's Xinjiang in 2022, 5. Jänner 2023
https://www.voanews.com/a/voa-interview-uyghur-emigre-describes-life-in-china-s-xinjiang-in-2022-/6906747.html

„A Uyghur man who calls himself Jamal left China in recent weeks and talked to VOA about life in Xinjiang in 2022. […]

VOA: In August, the U.N. report on Xinjiang said China restricted the free movement of majority-Muslim populations in Xinjiang and confiscated passports of Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim minorities. Is it true?

Jamal: Yes, it is a reality. For Uyghurs, they had started confiscating passports ... in 2016; we had to hand in our passports to the police bureau’s national security division. They said they would keep our passports for safekeeping and would give [them back to] us if we needed to go abroad. The first priority of the Chinese policy on passports in Xinjiang is to not let anyone cross borders and to keep everyone intact inside the region. … The government policy has been clear that they don’t issue new passports to Uyghurs.

VOA: Then how were you able to go abroad with a valid Chinese passport if the government policy is to not return or issue passports to Uyghurs?

Jamal: My spouse is a foreign citizen. I had tried for years and gone through all the red tape in order to get my passport. Also, the authorities were pressured to return my passport since my spouse was a foreigner. That was, I think, the most important factor why the government returned my passport.

VOA: Can you tell us what procedure you have gone through to get your passport back and leave China?

Jamal: The first step is that [police] check your and each of your family members’ background on the Integrated Joint Operations Platform. If you and your family member come clean on that system – I mean, if they don’t find anyone who had been convicted, sentenced to prison or had any history of being sent to a reeducation camp – then they would ask you to wait for a final decision from the head of the police bureau on whether to return your passport. At the end, if the decision was positive, they would return your passport.

But it does not mean that you can go abroad with that passport. Any Uyghur passport holder should be able to present a consent document from the Xinjiang authorities at any customs in China. If a Uyghur person has a valid Chinese passport and a visa to go to a certain country but doesn’t have that government consent document, customs won’t let them cross the border. When a Uyghur presents his Chinese ID, passport and consent document to the customs officers, they would take that person to a special designated place for Uyghurs and then call the police authorities in Xinjiang to authenticate the document. If the Xinjiang police corroborate, then customs would let you go.“ (VOA, 5. Jänner 2023)

Das US Department of State (USDOS) ist das US-Bundesministerium, das für die auswärtigen Angelegenheiten der Vereinigten Staaten zuständig ist.

·      USDOS – US Department of State: 2022 Country Report on Human Rights Practices: China, 20. März 2023
https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/2089071.html

„Uyghurs, particularly those residing in Xinjiang, reported great difficulty in getting passport applications approved. They were frequently denied passports to travel abroad. Since 2016 authorities ordered Xinjiang residents to turn in their passports or told residents no new passports were available.“ (USDOS, 20. März 2023, Section 2d)

Freedom House ist eine in den USA ansässige Nichtregierungsorganisation, die sich mit Recherchen und Advocacy-Arbeit zu Demokratie, politischen Freiheiten und Menschenrechten befasst.

·      Freedom House: Freedom in the World 2024 - China, 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/2105013.html

„Millions of people are affected by government restrictions on their access to foreign travel and passports, with Uyghurs and Tibetans experiencing the greatest difficulty.“ (Freedom House, 2024, G1)

Voraussetzungen

Es konnten im Rahmen der Recherche keine spezifischen Informationen zu Voraussetzungen für Uigur·innen bei der Passausstellung in China gefunden werden. Im Folgenden finden Sie allgemeine Informationen aus dem Passgesetz zur Ausstellung von Pässen in China:

·      Passport Law of the People’s Republic of China, 29 April 2006 (veröffentlicht von Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Cooperative Republic of Guyana), 26. April 2012
http://gy.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/lsfw/201204/t20120426_4331997.htm

„A citizen is who applies for an ordinary passport shall present his resident identity card, resident household registration book, recent bareheaded photos and the materials related to his reasons for application. Where a State functionary applies for an ordinary passport for any of the reasons as specified in Article 5 of this Law, he shall present the relevant certification documents according to relevant State regulations.

The exit-entry control department of the public security organ shall issue the passport within 15 days from the date it receives the application materials; if it refuses to issue such a passport on the grounds that the application does not conform to the relevant provisions, it shall give the reasons in writing and inform the applicant of his right to apply for administrative reconsideration or to file an administrative lawsuit in accordance with law.

Where it is unable to sign and issue a passport on schedule to an applicant who lives at an outlying district or in an area where transport facilities are inconvenient or under special circumstances, the time for issuing the passport may, upon approval by the person in charge of the passport issuing authority, be extended to 30 days.

Where a citizen is in urgent need of a passport on reasonable grounds and thereby applies for the issue of the passport at an earlier date, the exit-entry control department of the public security organ shall handle the matter accordingly.“ (Passport Law of the People’s Republic of China, Artikel 6)

„A holder of passport may, under one of the following circumstances, apply for renewing the passport or reissue of a passport:

(1) when the term of validity is to be expired;

(2) when the pages for visas are to be used up;

(3) when the passport is so damaged that it can not be used any more;

(4) when the passport is lost or stolen; or

(5) under other circumstances when the passport needs to be renewed or reissued on justifiable grounds.

When the holder of an ordinary passport applies for renewal or reissue of such a passport in China, he shall, in person, submit an application shall to the exit-entry control department of the department for public security under the people's government at or above the county level where his residence is registered; if he applies for the same abroad, he shall, in person, submit the application to an embassy or consulate of the People's Republic of China, or a mission overseas authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Where a Chinese citizen residing abroad applies for renewal or reissue of an ordinary passport after returning to China, he shall, in person, submit an application to the for exit-entry control department of the public security organ under the people's government at or above the county level at the place where he lives temporarily.

The renewal or reissue of a diplomatic passport or a service passport shall be handled according to the relevant regulations of the Ministry of the Foreign Affairs.“ (Passport Law of the People’s Republic of China, Article 11)

Ausstellung von chinesischen Reisepässen für Uigur·innen im Ausland

Middle East Monitor (MEMO) ist eine nichtprofitorientierte Organisation zur Analyse und Übersetzung von Medienprodukten sowie zur Medienbeobachtung in Bezug auf Berichterstattung zum Nahen Osten.

·      MEMO – Middle East Monitor: Uyghurs in Saudi Arabia facing an impossible choice, 27. Februar 2020
https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200127-uyghurs-in-saudi-arabia-facing-an-impossible-choice/

„The Chinese consulate in the Kingdom suspended the renewal the passports of the Muslim ethnic minority for more than two years, in a procedure that activists described as a pressure tactic that Beijing is practising in several countries to compel the Uyghurs expatriates to return to their homeland.“ (MEMO, 27. Februar 2020)

Das Uyghur Human Rights Project (UHRP) ist eine forschungsbasierte Interessenvertretung mit Sitz in Washington, D.C., die sich für die Menschenrechte von Uigur·innen einsetzt.

·      UHRP - Uyghur Human Rights Project: Weaponized Passports: the Crisis of Uyghur Statelessness, April 2020
https://docs.uhrp.org/pdf/Weaponized_Passports.pdf

„The Chinese government is denying Uyghurs the renewal of their expiring passports at diplomatic missions. Chinese embassy officials tell Uyghurs that the only way to renew a passport is to return to China. Those Uyghurs who have returned to China have disappeared. […]

The Chinese government has long weaponized access to passports as a means of control. Previously, this control was exercised through corruption, confiscations, and discriminatory procedures. Control is now exerted through effectively denying Uyghurs the right to a passport. The Chinese government’s offer of one-way travel documents to China to make passport renewal applications is disingenuous. Uyghurs understandably do not want to return given the real possibility of detention, especially because any overseas connection is enough to land a Uyghur in an ethno-religious internment camp.“ (UHRP, April 2020, S. 3)

„The scope of China’s passport renewal denials extends beyond Turkey. Media reports demonstrate that the problem is worldwide and that the policy is not restricted to certain key states or the capriciousness of local diplomatic missions. Instead, the denial of passport renewals appears to be a policy aimed at all Uyghurs outside of China.“ (UHRP, April 2020, S. 12)

·      Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Country of origin information report China, 1. Juli 2020
https://www.government.nl/binaries/government/documenten/reports/2020/07/01/country-of-origin-information-report-china-july-2020/COI+Report+China.pdf

„If Uighurs living abroad attempted to extend their passports at a Chinese embassy, they were usually told to return to China for this purpose. Upon returning to China, they were arrested or disappeared.“ (Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1. Juli 2020, S. 51)

·      AI – Amnesty International: The nightmare of Uyghur families separated by repression, 19. März 2021
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa17/3798/2021/en/

„The parents Amnesty International interviewed reported that Chinese consulates had rejected applications to renew their passports and told them they would need to go back to China in order to do so.“ (AI, 19. März 2021, S. 13)

·      HRW - Human Rights Watch: “Break Their Lineage, Break Their Roots”, China’s Crimes against Humanity Targeting Uyghurs and Other Turkic Muslims, 19. April 2021
https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/19/break-their-lineage-break-their-roots/chinas-crimes-against-humanity-targeting

„Likewise, the Integrated Joint Operations Platform (IJOP) has flagged for detention individuals from Xinjiang who have obtained foreign citizenship and applied for Chinese visas, or those who have applied for a renewal of their identity documents from Chinese embassies or consulates abroad.“ (HRW, 19. April 2021)

·      OHCHR – UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: OHCHR Assessment of human rights concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China, 31. August 2022
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2078213/22-08-31-final-assesment.pdf

„In this context, OHCHR is also aware of dozens of Uyghurs living in third countries whose passports have expired and who have experienced difficulties in renewing their documents, including due to fear of reprisals, or fear of being forcibly returned to China.“ (OHCHR, 31. August 2022, S. 42)

·      USDOS – US Department of State: 2022 Country Report on Human Rights Practices: China, 20. März 2023
https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/2089071.html

„There were reports the PRC [People's Republic of China] attempted to control mobility to exact reprisal against citizens abroad. Authorities refused to renew passports for Uyghurs living abroad.“ (USDOS, 20. März 2023, Section 1e)

Rushan Abbas ist Aktivistin für die Rechte der Uigur·innen und Gründern von Campaign For Uyghurs (CFU).

·      Abbas, Rushan: Written Testimony on China’s Transnational Repression at CECC [Congressional-Executive Commission on China] Hearing: Rushan Abbas, 12. September 2023
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2098333/Rushan+Abbas+Testimony+TNR+2023.pdf

„The specific repression tactics include threatening to harm their family in East Turkistan, using coercion to compel the Uyghur community into collaboration by refraining from processing their passport renewal requests, offering financial incentives, and even luring them with what they yearn for the most: reconnecting with their families.“ (Abbas, 12. September 2023, S. 4)

Xinhua Net ist die größte staatliche Nachrichtenagentur der Volksrepublik China.

·      Xinhua Net: Fact Check: Lies on Xinjiang-related issues versus the truth, 5. Februar 2021
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-02/05/c_139723816.htm

„Lie No. 18: Chinese embassies and consulates have refused to renew the passports of overseas Uygur people, forcing them to return home to face extrajudicial detention or imprisonment.

Fact check: Chinese citizens' personal freedom and rights of exit and entry are protected by law. As long as they are Chinese nationals and admit themselves that they are Chinese citizens, and do not violate Chinese laws and regulations, they can apply to the Chinese embassy or consulate where they live for the renewal or replacement of passports.

-- Chinese embassies and consulates conduct their services in accordance with the Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, the Passport Law of the People's Republic of China and other laws and regulations to protect the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese of different ethnic groups. Chinese citizens from Xinjiang who apply for the renewal or replacement of passports at Chinese embassies and consulates have been accepted and approved after being examined to comply with relevant laws.“ (Xinhua Net, 5. Februar 2021)

Der Sprecher des chinesischen Außenministeriums, Wang Wenbin, gibt im Februar 2021 folgende Erklärung bei einer Pressekonferenz an der chinesischen Botschaft in Papua-Neuguinea ab:

·      Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea: Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin's Regular Press Conference on February 5, 2021, 6. Februar 2021
http://pg.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/fyrth/202102/t20210206_929798.htm

„Another lie says that Chinese embassies and consulates have refused to renew the passports of overseas Uygur people, forcing them to return home to face extrajudicial detention or imprisonment. But the fact is that Chinese citizens' personal freedom and rights of exit and entry are protected by law. As long as they are Chinese nationals and admit themselves that they are Chinese citizens, and do not violate Chinese laws and regulations, they can apply to the Chinese embassy or consulate where they live for the renewal or replacement of passports. Chinese embassies and consulates conduct their services in accordance with the Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, the Passport Law of the People's Republic of China and other laws and regulations to protect the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese of different ethnic groups. Chinese citizens from Xinjiang who apply for the renewal or replacement of passports at Chinese embassies and consulates have been accepted and approved after being examined to comply with relevant laws.“ (Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, 6. Februar 2021)

Voraussetzungen

Es konnten im Rahmen der Recherche keine spezifischen Informationen zu Voraussetzungen für Uigur·innen bei der Passausstellung im Ausland gefunden werden. Die folgende Quelle enthält allgemeine Informationen zu Passanträgen an der chinesischen Botschaft in Wien:

·      Botschaft der Volksrepublik China in der Republik Österreich: Mitteilung der Chinesischen Botschaft in Österreich zur Einführung der Online-Bearbeitungsfunktion für Pässe und Reisedokumente in der APP „Chinesisches Konsulat“. [Chinesisch], 6. August 2021
http://at.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/lsyw/c/202108/t20210806_9038817.htm

Laut Informationen vom August 2021 müssten Pässe und Reisedokumente über die App „Chinesisches Konsulat“ beantragt werden. Antragsteller·innen müssten die App herunterladen, sich per E-Mail oder mittels einer Mobiltelefonnummer registrieren und mit echtem Namen authentifizieren (z.B. durch Gesichtserkennung). Antragsteller·innen müssten weiters eine „Erklärung zum Staatsangehörigkeitsstatus“ unterschreiben, ein digitales Foto hochladen, sowie ein Foto des aktuellen Reisepasses/Reisedokuments mit Fotoinformationsseite und die Aufenthaltserlaubnis oder das Visum in Österreich. Für eine Antragstellung bei verlorenen Reisepässen oder bei der Erstantragstellung für ein Neugeborenes würden weitere Dokumente benötigt. Schließlich sei eine Gebühr zu bezahlen. Der neue Pass sei bei der Botschaft abzuholen und bei der Abholung sei der alte Originalpass (falls vorhanden) mitzubringen (Botschaft der Volksrepublik China in der Republik Österreich, 6. August 2021).

Ausstellung von chinesischen Personalausweisen für Uigur·innen in China

·      HRW - Human Rights Watch: “Break Their Lineage, Break Their Roots”, China’s Crimes against Humanity Targeting Uyghurs and Other Turkic Muslims, 19. April 2021
https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/19/break-their-lineage-break-their-roots/chinas-crimes-against-humanity-targeting

„In mid-2014, Xinjiang officials demanded the return of Turkic Muslim migrants in Urumqi and other regional centers to their rural hometowns for the purported purpose of obtaining a new identity card – the People’s Convenience Card. Chinese authorities denied the card to most of these migrants, who were then forced to remain in the rural heartlands of Xinjiang, far from the major cities that have benefited from economic development.“ (HRW, 19. April 2021)

Es konnten keine weiteren Informationen zur Ausstellung von Personalausweisen für Uigur·innen in China gefunden werden. Die folgenden Quellen enthalten allgemeine aktuelle Informationen zu chinesischen Personalausweisen für Uigur·innen:

The China Project ist eine in New York ansässige, auf China ausgerichtete Nachrichten-, Informations- und Unternehmensdienstleistungsplattform.

·      The China Project: An anonymous letter from a Uyghur in China, 1. Juni 2022
https://thechinaproject.com/2022/06/01/an-anonymous-letter-from-a-uyghur-in-china/

„Like all Uyghurs I know, my identification card carries a special electronic security warning. In Xinjiang, where Uyghurs’ homeland is located, you have to swipe this card to pass checkpoints that have popped up all over the cities, at the entrance of bookshops, supermarkets, malls, and university campuses. I am fortunate to live far from Xinjiang, on China’s eastern coast. Surveillance is looser here, but when I travel, my ID card suddenly gives away my ethnicity.“ (The China Project, 1. Juni 2022)

·      USDOS – US Department of State: 2022 Country Report on Human Rights Practices: China, 20. März 2023
https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/2089071.html

„In Xinjiang, security officials operated checkpoints managing entry into public places, including markets and mosques, that required Uyghurs to scan their national identity card, undergo a facial recognition check, and put baggage through airport-style security screening.“ (USDOS, 20. März 2023, Section 2d)

Voraussetzungen

Es konnten im Rahmen der Recherche keine spezifischen Informationen zu Voraussetzungen für Uigur·innen bei der Ausstellung eines chinesischen Personalausweises in China gefunden werden.

·      The State Council, The People’s Republic of China: Beantragen Sie zum ersten Mal einen Bewohnerausweis [Chinesisch], ohne Datum
https://www.gov.cn/fuwu/2016-11/24/content_5136864.htm#:~:text=%E4%B8%80%E3%80%81%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E5%BA%94%E5%BD%93%E8%87%AA%E5%B9%B4,%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E7%BC%B4%E7%BA%B3%E8%AF%81%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B4%B9%E3%80%82

Auf der Webseite des Staatsrats der Volksrepublik China (The State Council), dem höchsten Verwaltungsorgan des Landes, finden sich allgemeine Informationen zur Beantragung eines Personalausweises („Resident Identity Card“). Alle chinesischen Bürger·innen, die über 16 Jahre alt seien und im Hoheitsgebiet der Volksrepublik leben, müssten einen Personalausweis beantragen. Antragsteller·innen müssten sich innerhalb von drei Monaten ab dem Datum, an dem sie das 16. Lebensjahr erreicht hätten, an die Behörde für öffentliche Sicherheit (im Allgemeinen die Polizeiwache für öffentliche Sicherheit) wenden, an der sich ihr ständiger Wohnsitz befinde. Antragsteller·innen müssten ihr Haushaltsbuch, Porträtinformationen, sowie ein ausgefülltes Registrierungsformular vorlegen und eine Gebühr bezahlen (The State Council, ohne Datum).

Ausstellung von chinesischen Personalausweisen für Uigur·innen im Ausland

·      Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cyprus: Dies können Auslandschinesen tun, wenn sie auf Probleme bei der Identitätserkennung stoßen [Chinesisch], 21. August 2018
http://cy.china-embassy.gov.cn/lsqw/201808/t20180821_3133228.htm#:~:text=%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AF%81%E7%94%B1%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89,%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AF%81%E7%9A%84%E8%81%8C%E8%B4%A3%E3%80%82

Die chinesische Botschaft auf Zypern schreibt auf ihrer Webseite in einem Beitrag vom August 2018, dass es notwendig sei, einen Personalausweis persönlich bei der Polizeiwache für öffentliche Sicherheit zu beantragen, bei der man registriert sei. Chinesische Botschaften und Konsulate im Ausland seien nicht für die Beantragung von Ausweisen zuständig (Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cyprus, 21. August 2018).

Es konnten keine weiteren Informationen zur Ausstellung von chinesischen Personalausweisen im Ausland gefunden werden.