In 2020, Chile made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published Law 21.271, which amended the Labor Code to require that a new list of hazardous activities and occupations for children and adolescents be published by the government, and ratified the International Labor Organization's 2014 Forced Labor Protocol. In addition, the National Prosecutor's Office organized multiple trainings for prosecutors and public health officials related to the protection of rights of child victims of sexual exploitation. The government also established the Tacna-Arica Bi-regional Roundtable to coordinate efforts between the Governments of Chile and Peru to prevent and eradicate child labor in the border area. Under the National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers, the government held conferences, virtual seminars, trainings, and lectures dedicated to fighting child labor. Finally, the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare published the results of the Child Labor Vulnerability Index, which was designed to measure child labor vulnerability across Chile's 16 regions. However, children in Chile are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also subjected to involvement in the production and trafficking of drugs. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, existing prohibitions related to forced labor do not meet international standards because forced labor is criminally prohibited only when it results from human trafficking. Furthermore, prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards.
Children in Chile are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children are also subjected to involvement in the production and trafficking of drugs. (1,2) Table 1 provides key indicators on children’s work and education in Chile.
|
Children |
Age |
Percent |
|---|---|---|
|
Working (% and population) |
5 to 14 |
3.8 (94,025) |
|
Working children by sector |
5 to 14 |
|
|
Agriculture |
29.3 |
|
|
Industry |
10.3 |
|
|
Services |
60.4 |
|
|
Attending School (%) |
5 to 14 |
99.5 |
|
Combining Work and School (%) |
7 to 14 |
4.5 |
|
Primary Completion Rate (%) |
96.2 |
Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2018, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2021. (3)
Source for all other data: International Labor Organization’s analysis of statistics from Encuesta de Actividades de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (Simpoc), 2018. (4)
Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.
|
Sector/Industry |
Activity |
|---|---|
|
Agriculture |
Livestock rearing (5) |
|
Forestry,† activities unknown (1,5) |
|
|
Hunting,† activities unknown (1) |
|
|
Fishing,† activities unknown (1,5,6) |
|
|
Industry |
Construction,† bricklaying,† and carpentry† (1,4-7) |
|
Services |
Making garments, shoe repair (8) |
|
Domestic work, including cleaning and babysitting (1,5,7) |
|
|
Working in retail, hospitality, corner stores, offices, restaurants, and bars† (5-11) |
|
|
Garbage collection† and street cleaning (9) |
|
|
Street work,† including street vending, juggling (6,8) |
|
|
Categorical Worst Forms of Child Labor‡ |
Use in illicit activities, including in the production, selling, and distribution of drugs, sometimes as a result of human trafficking (5,7,8,12,13) |
|
Forced labor in agriculture, mining, construction, street vending, domestic work, and garment and hospitality sectors, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking (8,10,12) |
|
|
Commercial sexual exploitation, including in the production of pornography, sometimes as a result of human trafficking (2,5,8,9,12-14) |
† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182.
‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a)–(c) of ILO C. 182.
The results of the 2012 National Survey of Activities of Children and Adolescents (Encuesta de Actividades de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes) indicate that 70.6 percent of working children ages 5 to 17 are engaged in work classified as dangerous. (1) In 2020, the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (MINTRAB) published the results of the Child Labor Vulnerability Index, a statistical tool prepared by the ILO and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. This tool comprises 12 variables, grouped into 5 categories and for which levels of child labor vulnerability are assigned by territorial distribution. (7) For the elaboration of this index, administrative and public information was collected from the 2017 Economic Characterization Survey, the 2017 Census, and Labor Directorate administrative records. The final results are displayed in 17 profiles, one at the national level and one for each of Chile’s 16 regions. (7)
In Chile, children, some of whom may be human trafficking victims, are used to steal or produce, sell, and transport drugs near the borders of Peru and Bolivia. (2,8,12) In 2020, the National Minors’ Service (SENAME) removed 603 children from situations of child labor and provided them with social services. (7) According to SENAME's Worst Forms of Child Labor Single Registry, 337 children were involved in the production and trafficking of drugs during the reporting period. (7)
Education is compulsory through secondary school; however, some educational barriers do exist in Chile, including the lack of transportation to schools in rural areas and discrimination in educational settings, specifically for migrant children. (5,7,15) Indigenous children and adolescents from Otavalo, Ecuador, are especially vulnerable to human trafficking for labor exploitation in Chile. (10) Children are also involved in street work, especially in Santiago, including selling handicrafts, clothes, or other goods. (8) In Coquimbo, children sell products in street markets and work as jugglers. (6)
Chile has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).
|
Convention |
Ratification |
|---|---|
|
ILO C. 138, Minimum Age |
✓ |
|
ILO C. 182, Worst Forms of Child Labor |
✓ |
|
UN CRC |
✓ |
|
UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict |
✓ |
|
UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography |
✓ |
|
Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons |
✓ |
The government has established laws and regulations related to child labor (Table 4). However, gaps exist in Chile's legal framework to adequately protect children from the worst forms of child labor, including the prohibition of forced labor.
|
Standard |
Meets International Standards |
Age |
Legislation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Minimum Age for Work |
Yes |
15 |
Article 13 of the Labor Code (16) |
|
Minimum Age for Hazardous Work |
Yes |
18 |
Articles 13–14 and 18 of the Labor Code (16) |
|
Identification of Hazardous Occupations or Activities Prohibited for Children |
Yes |
Articles 14–18 of the Labor Code; Article 1 of Law No. 20.539; Article 3 of Supreme Decree 2 (16-18) |
|
|
Prohibition of Forced Labor |
No |
Article 19 of the Constitution; Article 2 of the Labor Code; Article 411 of the Penal Code; Law 20.507 (16,19-21) |
|
|
Prohibition of Child Trafficking |
Yes |
Article 411 of the Penal Code (20) |
|
|
Prohibition of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children |
Yes |
Articles 367 and 411 of the Penal Code; Law No. 20.594; Law No. 20.526 (20,22,23) |
|
|
Prohibition of Using Children in Illicit Activities |
No |
Paragraph 1, Article 5 and Paragraph 2, Article 19 of Law No. 20.000; Law No. 20.084 (24,25) |
|
|
Minimum Age for Voluntary State Military Recruitment |
Yes |
18 |
Chapter 1, Article 13 of the Armed Forces Recruitment and Mobilization Law No. 2.306 (26) |
|
Prohibition of Compulsory Recruitment of Children by (State) Military |
Yes |
Chapter 1, Article 13 of the Armed Forces Recruitment and Mobilization Law No. 2.306 (26) |
|
|
Prohibition of Military Recruitment by Non-state Armed Groups |
Yes |
Article 26 of Law No. 20.357 (27) |
|
|
Compulsory Education Age |
Yes |
18‡ |
Articles 4, 25, and 27 of the General Education Law No. 20.370 (28) |
|
Free Public Education |
Yes |
Article 4 of the General Education Law No. 20.370 (28) |
‡ Age calculated based on available information (28)
In October 2020, Law 21.271 was published. This law amends the Labor Code by establishing that a new list of hazardous activities and occupations for children and adolescents must be published by the Chilean Government. (7) The law will enter into force on the first day of the month following publication of the regulations that prohibit the activities identified as dangerous. During the reporting period, the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare and the Ministry of Health continued to work on drafting regulations. (7) In addition, in January 2021, the Congress of Chile ratified the ILO's Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention No. 29. (13)
However, Chilean laws related to forced labor are not sufficient because they do not criminally prohibit forced labor except when it results from human trafficking. (20,21,29) Prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards because they only criminalize supplying children with drugs or inducing children to use drugs. (24,25) In addition, as Chile's minimum age for work is lower than the age for compulsory education, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. (16,28)
The government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor (Table 5). However, gaps exist within the operations of the enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate enforcement of their child labor laws.
|
Organization/Agency |
Role |
|---|---|
|
Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (MINTRAB) |
Designs and implements national strategies on child labor and generates awareness on child labor and commercial sexual exploitation of children. (7) Enforces child labor laws, coordinating with the National Minors' Service and the Department of Child Labor Eradication. (2,12) |
|
National Minors’ Service (SENAME) |
Coordinates the provision of services to vulnerable children, particularly those living on the streets, and victims of commercial sexual exploitation, in coordination with Offices of the Protection of Rights and the Department of Child Labor Eradication. (5,30-32) Operates under the Ministry of Justice and Social Provision. In coordination with MINTRAB and the ILO, oversees the Worst Forms of Child Labor Single Registry (Sistema de Registro Único e Intervención de la Peores Formas de Trabajo Infantil), which tracks such incidents and provides information on programs designed to assist child workers. (33) The Offices of the Protection of Rights (Oficinas de Protección de Derechos) refer cases of children whose rights have been violated to appropriate social services and monitor cases of the worst forms of child labor. These offices are located in municipalities throughout the country and are part of the larger social protection network overseen by SENAME. (34) |
|
National Investigations Police (PDI) |
Investigate and prevent the worst forms of child labor by conducting community outreach activities, including trainings and information sessions. (35) Operate under the Ministry of the Interior. (10) Within PDI, the Human Trafficking Brigade investigates the trafficking of children, modern slavery, and organized crime. (35,36) The Sexual Assault Victim Care Center provides support to child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. (35) |
|
National Uniformed Police (Carabineros) |
Investigate, prevent, and detect crimes, including child labor violations, by conducting community policing and specialized investigations. Under the Directorate for Family Protection, provide specialized orientation on policies and operating plans for detection and prevention of domestic violence and child abuse, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. (14) Operate under the Ministry of the Interior. (10) Receive referrals on the worst forms of child labor from the National Labor Directorate. (5) |
|
National Prosecutor’s Office (Fiscalía Nacional) |
Investigates and prosecutes crimes, including those involving commercial sexual exploitation and the trafficking of children. Trains and coordinates with inter-agency partners, including PDI, Carabineros, and regional and local prosecutor’s offices. (5,37,38) |
Labor Law Enforcement
In 2020, labor law enforcement agencies in Chile took actions to combat child labor (Table 6). However, gaps exist within the operations of the National Labor Directorate that may hinder adequate labor law enforcement, including human resource allocation.
|
Overview of Labor Law Enforcement |
2019 |
2020 |
|---|---|---|
|
Labor Inspectorate Funding |
Unknown (5) |
$108,695 (7) |
|
Number of Labor Inspectors |
540 (39) |
467 (7) |
|
Inspectorate Authorized to Assess Penalties |
Yes (5,16) |
Yes (7,16) |
|
Initial Training for New Labor Inspectors |
Yes (40) |
Yes (7) |
|
Training on New Laws Related to Child Labor |
N/A (40) |
N/A (7) |
|
Refresher Courses Provided |
Yes (40) |
Yes (7) |
|
Number of Labor Inspections Conducted |
100,618 (41) |
66,989 (7) |
|
Number Conducted at Worksite |
100,618 (41) |
Unknown (7) |
|
Number of Child Labor Violations Found |
272 (35) |
66 (7) |
|
Number of Child Labor Violations for Which Penalties Were Imposed |
272 (35) |
66 (7) |
|
Number of Child Labor Penalties Imposed that Were Collected |
72 (41) |
66 (7) |
|
Routine Inspections Conducted |
Yes (5) |
Yes (7) |
|
Routine Inspections Targeted |
Yes (5) |
Yes (7) |
|
Unannounced Inspections Permitted |
Yes (5) |
Yes (7) |
|
Unannounced Inspections Conducted |
Yes (5) |
Yes (7) |
|
Complaint Mechanism Exists |
Yes (5) |
Yes (7) |
|
Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Labor Authorities and Social Services |
Yes (5) |
Yes (7) |
In Chile there are no inspectors specialized in child labor; instead, they are all required to investigate and enforce child labor laws. (7) During the reporting period, 66 labor violations related to child labor laws were found, for which sanctions were imposed. The collected penalties related to these infractions amounted to $96,563 for the reporting period. (7) Fewer labor inspections were conducted during the reporting period as a result of restrictions put in place due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as all businesses with the exception of essential services were closed from May to July 2020. (7) SENAME reported that 603 children and adolescents found in irregular or illegal situations related to child labor were removed from those situations and received social services during the reporting period. Although the labor inspectorate did not provide information on the number of inspections conducted at work sites during the reporting period, which were affected by the pandemic, inspections were conducted in person as well as remotely. (7)
The number of vehicles available to labor inspectors is insufficient, especially in areas where distances between regional offices and employers can be great. (9) The number of labor inspectors is also likely insufficient for the size of Chile's workforce, which includes nearly 9 million workers. According to the ILO's technical advice of a ratio approaching 1 inspector for every 15,000 workers in industrializing economies, Chile would employ about 592 inspectors. (42)
Criminal Law Enforcement
In 2020, criminal law enforcement agencies in Chile took actions to combat child labor (Table 7). However, gaps exist within the operations of the criminal enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate criminal law enforcement, including penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children.
|
Overview of Criminal Law Enforcement |
2019 |
2020 |
|---|---|---|
|
Initial Training for New Criminal Investigators |
Yes (5) |
Yes (7) |
|
Training on New Laws Related to the Worst Forms of Child Labor |
N/A |
N/A (7) |
|
Refresher Courses Provided |
Yes (5) |
Yes (7) |
|
Number of Investigations |
39* (5) |
Unknown |
|
Number of Violations Found |
Unknown (5) |
Unknown |
|
Number of Prosecutions Initiated |
39* (5) |
18*(43) |
|
Number of Convictions |
19 (5) |
10 (43) |
|
Imposed Penalties for Violations Related to The Worst Forms of Child Labor |
Yes (5) |
Yes (43) |
|
Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Criminal Authorities and Social Services |
Yes (5) |
Yes (7) |
* The National Prosecutor's database does not differentiate between investigations and prosecutions.
In 2020, SENAME reported that the Worst Forms of Child Labor Single Registry recorded 337 cases related to drug production/drug trafficking or the use of children and adolescents in other illicit activities between January and December of 2020. (7) The National Prosecutor's Office (MP) also prosecuted two defendants for the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. (13) The MP also organized multiple trainings for prosecutors, MP officials, and public health officials during the reporting period. These included interview techniques of minor children, investigations of commercial sexual exploitation of minors, the protection of rights of child and adolescent victims, and comprehensive forensic evaluation of minor victims of sex crimes. (13) The National Investigations Police's Human Trafficking Brigade (BRITRAP) also conducted training for officers and civilian employees assigned to the new BRITRAP established in Arica. (13)
Legislation to create a new national service responsible specifically for youth and family shelters under the Ministry of Social Development's Under Secretary for Children passed in 2020. The new service is expected to begin operation in 2021. (13)
Despite these efforts, judges frequently suspend or commute sentences of individuals convicted of commercial sexual exploitation of children. (5,12) In addition, the penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children, ranging from 3 to 20 years imprisonment, are not commensurate with those for other serious crimes, such as rape. (12,43) Moreover, there is a lack of adequate shelters for child victims of trafficking in persons. (36)
The government has established mechanisms to coordinate its efforts to address child labor (Table 8).
|
Coordinating Body |
Role & Description |
|---|---|
|
Department of Child Labor Eradication |
Ensures Chile's compliance with international treaties that protect children and adolescents in the labor market, in both formal and informal settings, in coordination with the National Minors' Service (Servicio Nacional de Menores or SENAME). Housed within the Sub Secretariat of Labor. (32,44) Also coordinates both the Social Observatory to Eradicate Child Labor, which conducts technical studies on child and adolescent labor issues and evaluates current policies to eliminate child labor, and the National Advisory Committee on Child Labor. (5,45) Implements the National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers (2015–2025). (5,46) |
|
National Advisory Committee to Eradicate Child Labor |
Oversees implementation of the National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers (2015–2025) with the Social Observatory to Eradicate Child Labor. (14) Led by MINTRAB and includes representatives from the ministries of Agriculture, Education, and Justice; the National Statistics Institute; the National Tourism Service; SENAME; PDI; and the Carabineros. (47) The Regional Advisory Committees for the Eradication of Child Labor are led by the Regional Secretary of Labor and replicate at the regional level the functioning of the National Advisory Committee to Eradicate Child Labor. (10) In 2020, held two sessions, one of which analyzed the challenges of the implementation of the public policy in the context of the health crisis caused by the pandemic, and to coordinate actions to commemorate the World Day Against Child Labor. As of November 2020, 21 sessions had been held by the Regional Advisory Committees. (7) |
|
Under Secretariat for Children |
Manages, coordinates, and supervises the development and implementation of public policies and programs aimed at protecting children and adolescents, among them the Subsystem of Integral Protection of Children, “Chile Crece Contigo” program. Located under the Ministry of Social Development and Family. (2,7,48,49) Responsible for implementing the National Childhood Policy and its respective Action Plan through coordination mechanisms for intersectoral work. (2,7,48,49) Supports dissemination, training, and awareness-raising actions aimed at promoting rights, and developing studies and research, preparing annual reports on the general state of childhood and adolescence, and collaborating with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the preparation of documents the government must present to the specialized bodies and committees at the UN. Also seeks to generate social, economic, and cultural conditions that allow families to adequately care for and protect children and adolescents, guaranteeing their protection and the exercise of their rights. (7) In 2020, convened the Inter-Sectoral Technical Committee comprising 35 institutions. (7) |
|
Inter-Agency Task Force on Trafficking in Persons (MITP) |
Coordinates the government’s anti-human trafficking efforts. Includes three sub-committees: awareness and prevention, control and prosecution, and protection and support for victims. (36) Led by the Ministry of the Interior with support from law enforcement agencies, Ministry of Foreign Relations, Ministry of Justice, National Prosecutor’s Office, SENAME, and others. (5,51) Created regional task forces throughout the country. (5,36) In coordination with the Ministry of Labor and the ILO, the MITP organized a webinar titled "The Role of Companies in Eradicating Child Labor and Trafficking in Persons" in 2020, which was attended by 120 public officials and private sector representatives. (13) In April 2020, the task force also published a statistical report on government-collected demographic data on victims of human trafficking in Chile, which were collected between 2011 and 2019. (52) |
|
The Tacna-Arica Bi-regional Roundtable* |
Focuses on fulfilling the commitments made at the Presidential Meeting and the Third Meeting of Ministers between Peru and Chile, held in October 2019. (7) Established in 2020, the roundtable had its first meeting on October 9, 2020. It is jointly coordinated between the Regional Ministerial Secretariat of Arica and Parinacota of Chile and the Regional Directorate of Labor and Employment Promotion of the Tacna Region of Peru. (7) MINTRAB, through the Department of Child Labor Eradication, functions as technical support to the roundtable. Set up to coordinate efforts and exchange experiences to prevent and eradicate child labor in the border area. (7) During the reporting period, met two times, and held its first activity in December 2020. This activity involved a training on the role of the police, both from Chile and Peru, in the prevention and the eradication child labor. (7) |
* Mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor was created during the reporting period.
The government has established that are consistent with relevant international standards on child labor (Table 9).
|
Policy |
Description |
|---|---|
|
National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers (2015–2025) |
Establishes a strategy to eradicate child labor by: combining efforts across national and regional agencies and private and public entities, and requiring regions to establish a strategy to address child labor issues in the area. (47) MINTRAB oversees the implementation of regional strategies, including the design and implementation of regional operating plans. (14) In 2020, 46 activities were reported in different regions of the country and in the Department for the Eradication of Child Labor. These include dissemination conferences, virtual seminars, trainings, lectures, subscription of letters of commitment with various institutions, and collaboration agreements with universities to promote regional research on the subject. (7) In addition, the development of actions at the national level included promulgation of Law 21.271, preparation of the list of activities related to Law No. 21.27, and participation in technical engagements for the ILO's Survey of Activities of Boys, Girls, and Adolescents 2021. (7) |
|
National Plan of Action for Children and Adolescents (2018–2025) |
The Action Plan works to consolidate, monitor, and improve all public initiatives that protect the rights of children and adolescents. It was created by the Under Secretary for Childhood. (5,29,53) Among the Plan's many objectives is the increased coordination and strengthening of the National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers 2015–2025, including expanding programs that help families at risk of child labor find employment so that their children will be less likely to work. (29,50,53) MINTRAB participates and provides information and guidance regarding child labor. (54) Research was unable to determine whether activities were undertaken during the reporting period to implement this plan. |
|
Third Action Plan against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents (ESCNNA) |
Creates cooperation mechanisms for private and public institutions to collaborate on preventing and detecting commercial sexual exploitation of children and providing social services and rights restitution to victims. (55,56) During the reporting period, SENAME, in conjunction with the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, reactivated ESCNNA, with the aim of clarifying Chile's commitments to address the commercial sexual exploitation of children. (7) |
|
National Action Plan Against Human Trafficking (2019–2022) |
Seeks to prevent and combat human trafficking, with a focus on women and children. Encompasses four strategic areas: prevention and awareness raising; prosecution; victims’ assistance and protection; and inter-institutional cooperation and coordination. (57) MITP developed the Action Plan in 2019, which was approved at the working level but is awaiting approval at the ministerial level. However, all member agencies worked under the new plan's guidelines in 2019. (36,58,59) In 2020, SENAME, through its Professional Development Unit of the National Directorate of the Service, implemented the course "Human Trafficking: Conceptualization, Detection and Referral of the Child–Adolescent Victim of Trafficking Population" as part of its commitments in the National Plan. (7) |
‡ The government had other policies that may have addressed child labor issues or had an impact on child labor. (60,61)
In 2020, the government funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor (Table 10). However, gaps exist in these social programs, including the adequacy of funding provided for these programs.
|
Program |
Description |
|---|---|
|
SENAME Programs for Children at Risk of or Engaged in the Worst Forms of Child Labor† |
Approximately 132 programs serving disadvantaged youth and children at risk of or engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation. Includes programs implemented by municipal governments and local branches of the Office for the Rights of Children. (62) SENAME also administers 18 programs to serve child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. (62) Research was unable to determine whether activities were undertaken during the reporting period to implement this initiative. |
|
USDOL-Funded Projects |
Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor, a project that improves knowledge of these issues through research and data-driven techniques, strengthens policies and improves government capacity, and strengthens partnerships to accelerate progress. (64) Additional information is available on the USDOL website. |
† Program is funded by the Government of Chile.
In 2020, MINTRAB did not finance any of the social programs established to address child labor issues in the country. This was due to the budget reduction suffered by government institutions, as a result of the need to direct government resources towards the management of the pandemic. (7)
Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor in Chile (Table 11).
|
Area |
Suggested Action |
Year(s) Suggested |
|---|---|---|
|
Legal Framework |
Criminally prohibit forced labor. |
2016 – 2020 |
|
Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. |
2019 – 2020 |
|
|
Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. |
2018 – 2020 |
|
|
Enforcement |
Ensure that inspectors have sufficient transportation resources, such as vehicles, to carry out their duties. |
2016 – 2020 |
|
Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. |
2018 – 2020 |
|
|
Publish information on the number of inspections conducted at work sites during the reporting period. |
2020 |
|
|
Ensure that penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children are commensurate with those for other serious crimes and that judges do not suspend or commute such sentences. |
2016 – 2020 |
|
|
Publish information on the number of investigations and criminal violations found related to the worst forms of child labor. |
2019 – 2020 |
|
|
Ensure that there are adequate shelters available for child victims of trafficking in persons. |
2019 – 2020 |
|
|
Government Policies |
Publish information on activities undertaken to implement the National Plan of Action for Children and Adolescents during the reporting period. |
2020 |
|
Social Programs |
Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children working in forestry, hunting, and fishing to inform policies and programs. |
2020 |
|
|
Ensure that educational barriers, such as the lack of transportation to school in rural areas and discrimination of migrant children in educational settings, are addressed to prevent child labor. |
2018 – 2020 |
|
|
Ensure that programs established to address child labor are properly funded, active, and activities are published. |
2020 |
- ILO. Chile: Encuesta de Actividades de Niños y Adolescentes de 2012: "Magnitud y características del trabajo infantil en Chile - Informe 2013". 2013. http://www.ilo.org/ipec/Informationresources/WCMS_IPEC_PUB_23635/lang--es/index.htm
- U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. February 15, 2019.
- UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, both sexes (%). Accessed March 2021. For more information, please see “Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions” in the Reference Materials section of this report. http://data.uis.unesco.org/
- ILO. Analysis of Encuesta de Actividades de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes from National Household or Child Labor Surveys. January 12, 2018. For more information, please see “Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions” in the Reference Materials section of this report.
- U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. February 14, 2020.
- Luengo, Rebeca. Agricultura y pesca son las principales actividades en que se concentra el trabajo infantil. Diario el Dia, June 14, 2017. http://www.diarioeldia.cl/region/coquimbo/agricultura-pesca-son-principales-actividades-en-que-se-concentra-trabajo-infantil
- U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. February 4, 2021.
- U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. March 5, 2019.
- U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. January 24, 2018.
- U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. January 31, 2017.
- U.S. Embassy- Santiago official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. February 7, 2017.
- U.S. Department of State. Trafficking in Persons Report- 2020: Chile. Washington, DC, June 16, 2020. https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/chile/
- U.S. Embassy- Santiago. Reporting. February 12, 2021.
- U.S. Embassy- Santiago official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. April 20, 2017.
- U.S. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices- 2019: Chile. Washington, DC, March 30, 2021. https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/chile/
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