2019 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor: Chad

 

In 2019, Chad made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Justice adopted a national road map to implement a 2018 trafficking in persons law, and the Ministry of National Education unveiled a 2 year education program to support up to 230,000 vulnerable children. Chad's Child Protection Brigade also added a hub office in Lai and trained 100 focal points responsible for coordinating investigations with regional offices. However, children in Chad engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in cattle herding and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Additionally, the government does not collect data on law enforcement efforts and has no active policies to address child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor.

I. Prevalence and Sectoral Distribution of Child Labor

Children in Chad engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in cattle herding and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. (1-3) Table 1 provides key indicators on children's work and education in Chad. Data on some of these indicators are not available from the sources used in this report.

Table 1. Statistics on Children's Work and Education

Children

Age

Percent

Working (% and population)

5 to 14

48.8 (Unavailable)

Attending School (%)

5 to 14

49.5

Combining Work and School (%)

7 to 14

28.4

Primary Completion Rate (%)

 

41.3

Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2016, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2020. (4)
Source for all other data: International Labor Organization's analysis of statistics from Demographic and Health Survey, 2014–2015. (5)

Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.

Table 2. Overview of Children's Work by Sector and Activity

Sector/Industry

Activity

Agriculture

Cultivating and harvesting crops, including rice and corn (6)

 

Production of charcoal (6)

 

Herding livestock, including camels and cattle (1,3,7)

 

Fishing, including catching, smoking, and selling fish (3)

Industry

Brick making (8)

 

Carpentry (3)

 

Gold mining† (1,3)

Services

Domestic work (2,3)

 

Working in restaurants as barmaids and servers (3)

 

Street work, including vending, garbage scavenging, and carrying heavy loads† (3,6,8,9)

 

Begging† (2,3,6)

 

Working as tailors and seamstresses (8)

 

Working in auto repair shops (6)

Categorical Worst Forms of Child Labor‡

Commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking (1,3)

 

Forced labor in agriculture, begging, cattle herding, domestic work, fishing, gold mining, charcoal production, and street vending, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking (1-3)

† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182.
‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a)–(c) of ILO C. 182.

In the Lake Chad region, human trafficking networks exploit children in catching, smoking, and selling fish, and traffickers in rural areas sell children in markets for use in cattle or camel herding. (1,3) Human traffickers exploit children into forced labor as beggars in urban areas, agricultural laborers on farms, gold miners in the north of the country, laborers in charcoal production, and as domestic workers. (1) Child herders, some of whom are victims of forced labor, follow traditional routes for grazing cattle and may cross ill-defined international borders into Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Sudan, Niger, and Nigeria. (1,3,10) Domestically, boys sent to Koranic schools, or mouhadjirin, may be forced to beg and surrender the money they receive to their teachers. (1-3,6) In isolated incidents, boys are subjected to forced labor by military or local government officials. (1,11) Girls travelling to larger towns in search of work may be subjected to commercial sexual exploitation or domestic servitude. Additionally, Nigerian terrorist group Boko Haram and its rival offshoot, Islamic State-West Africa Province, forcibly abducted minors to serve as child soldiers, suicide bombers, child brides, and forced laborers. (11,12)

Chad hosts 480,000 refugees and asylum seekers, the largest per-capita population in Africa, more than half of whom are children. Refugee children from the Central African Republic are particularly vulnerable to exploitation. (13-15) The Boko Haram insurgency has internally displaced 174,000 people living in the Lake Chad borderlands. The resurgence of armed conflict in 2019 has newly displaced 42,000 persons internally and triggered an influx of 5,000 Nigerian refugees. (16,17) Children in Chad's refugee and IDP communities are vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking due to their economic instability and lack of access to support systems. (1,11,16,17)

The Constitution and the Law Orienting the Education System mandate free and compulsory education in Chad. (18,19) Moreover, Chad was first in the region to integrate its network of refugee schools into the national education system; these schools are fully accredited and receive state funding. (20) However, the country lacks a sufficient number of schools, classrooms, and teachers, requiring students to travel long distances. (3,21,22) Some schools do not offer all grade levels, and others require payment of cost-prohibitive fees. (3,6,21) In 2019, intermittent strikes by civil servants to protest cuts in benefits resulted in lost school days. (3) Attacks by non-state armed forces shuttered a total of 49 schools during the 2018–2019 academic year, affecting 12,046 students (including 5,416 girls) and 118 teachers. (10) In addition, birth certificates may be required for enrollment in school, although this rule is not consistently enforced, especially in rural areas. (3) Only 12 percent of children nationwide are registered at birth, with some areas experiencing birth registration rates as low as 5 percent. (6,23)

II. Legal Framework for Child Labor

Chad has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).

Table 3. Ratification of International Conventions on Child Labor

Convention

Ratification

ILO C. 138, Minimum Age

ILO C. 182, Worst Forms of Child Labor

UN CRC

UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict

UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography

Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons

The government has established laws and regulations related to child labor (Table 4). However, gaps exist in Chad's legal framework to adequately protect children from the worst forms of child labor, including the use of children in illicit activities.

Table 4. Laws and Regulations on Child Labor

Standard

Meets International Standards

Age

Legislation

Minimum Age for Work

Yes

14

Article 52 of the Labor Code; Article 1 of the Decree Relating to Child Labor (23,24)

Minimum Age for Hazardous Work

Yes

18

Articles 6–7 of the Decree Relating to Child Labor (23)

Identification of Hazardous Occupations or Activities Prohibited for Children

Yes

 

Articles 6 and 10 of the Decree Relating to Child Labor; Articles 5, 19, and 22 of the President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons (23,25)

Prohibition of Forced Labor

Yes

 

Article 20 of the Constitution; Chapter 1, Article 5 of the Labor Code; Articles 5 and 15 of the President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons; Articles 292 (e), 292 (c), 327–328, and 331 of the Penal Code (19,24-26)

Prohibition of Child Trafficking

Yes

 

Articles 3, 5, 6.2, and 7.1 of the President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons; Articles 10 and 330–331 of the Penal Code (25,26)

Prohibition of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

Yes

 

Articles 335 336.a, 362, 364, 443, and 446 of the Penal Code; Articles 81–85 of the Law on Cyber Security and Fight Against Cyber Criminality; Articles 5, 16, and 22 of the President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons (25-27)

Prohibition of Using Children in Illicit Activities

No

   

Minimum Age for Voluntary State Military Recruitment

Yes

18

Article 32 of the Law on the Organization of the Armed Forces; Article 1 of the Ordinance Prohibiting the Use of Children in Armed Conflict; Article 52 of Military Statute N° 006/PR/06; Article 5 of the President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons; Articles 10, 286 (cc), 288 (g), and 370 of the Penal Code (25,26,28-30)

Prohibition of Compulsory Recruitment of Children by (State) Military

Yes

 

Article 32 of the Law on the Organization of the Armed Forces; Article 22 of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child; Article 5, 18, and 22 of the President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons; Articles 10, 286 (cc), 288 (g), and 370 of the Penal Code (25,26,28,31)

Prohibition of Military Recruitment by Non-state Armed Groups

Yes

 

Article 1 of the Ordinance Prohibiting the Use of Children in Armed Conflict; Articles 5, 18, and 22 of the President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons; Articles 10, 286 (cc), 288 (g), and 370 of the Penal Code (25,26,29)

Compulsory Education Age

Yes

16‡

Articles 21, 23, 25, and 28 of the Law Orienting the Education System; Article 35 of the Constitution (18,19)

Free Public Education

Yes

 

Article 9 of the Law Orienting the Education System; Article 35 of the Constitution (18,19)

‡ Age calculated based on available information (18)

Several laws are still awaiting approval by the National Assembly, including the Child Protection Code, the Family Code, and amendments to the Labor Code, which contain additional provisions criminalizing child trafficking and extending protection to children working in the informal sector. (2,3,7,32,57)

The draft child protection law prohibits use of children for illicit activities. No laws are currently in force prohibiting children from being used, offered, or procured for illicit activities (32).

As the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. (7,18,24)

III. Enforcement of Laws on Child Labor

The government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor (Table 5). However, gaps exist within the authority of the Ministry of Public Service, Employment, and Social Dialogue that may hinder adequate enforcement of their child labor laws.

Table 5. Agencies Responsible for Child Labor Law Enforcement

Organization/Agency

Role

Ministry of Public Service, Employment, and Social Dialogue (MOPS)

Implements child labor laws. (3) Oversees the labor inspectorate and maintains a specific point of contact to assist in coordinating child protection and human trafficking issues. (3)

Ministry of Justice, Human Rights, and Guardian of the Seal (MOJ)

Drafts and enforces laws and coordinates efforts to protect human rights. Through its Directorate for Protection and Legal Monitoring of Children, enforces child labor laws. (3)

National Police's Child Protection Brigade (CPB)

Enforces and investigates allegations of child exploitation, including human trafficking and the worst forms of child labor, and acts as the coordinating institution for government responses. (1,6) Evacuates children to its headquarters in N'Djamena, from where they may be moved to Ministry of Women, Childhood Protection and National Solidarity (MWCPNS) facilities in Koundoul. (3) The CPB or other local authorities notify the Ministry of Justice's Child Protection Directorate, UNICEF, and local NGOs when there is a case of child trafficking or abuse. (11) Allegations may be submitted directly by the public or by the MOPS, MWCPNS, or MOJ. The government's regional child protection technical committees also identify and refer child trafficking victims to the CPB. (11) CPB central offices are located in Chad's largest cities (N'Djamena, Moundou, Sarh, Mongo, Mao, and Abéché). (3,11) During the reporting period, CPB added a hub office in Lai (Mayo Kebbi Province) for a total of seven nationwide hubs: N'Djamena, Moundou, Sarh, Mongo, Mao, and Abéché, and Lai. (3)

Ministry of Women, Childhood Protection and National Solidarity (MWCPNS)

Protects children's rights, provides temporary shelter to victims, and assists with reintegration when appropriate. Through its Child Protection Directorate, leads government efforts on child protection, including from child labor, and liaises with the Child Protection Directorate at MOJ. (6,33)

In 2019, 30 CPB investigators received training on interview procedures with minors. (3) Separately, the CPB trained 100 "focal points" spread throughout all 23 provinces during the reporting period. These focal points are not trained investigators, but they are responsible for coordinating investigations with hub offices and referring allegations to investigators. (3) The CPB also operationalized a UNICEF-funded headquarters in N'Djamena during the reporting period. The headquarters will host representatives from partner ministries, further enhancing CPB's enforcement capacity. (3) However, research indicates that the CPB is not well-known by the public, thus limiting its impact. (3,34)

Labor Law Enforcement

Research did not find information on whether labor law enforcement agencies in Chad took actions to combat child labor. (3)

Table 6. Labor Law Enforcement Efforts Related to Child Labor

Overview of Labor Law Enforcement

2018

2019

Labor Inspectorate Funding

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Number of Labor Inspectors

30 (6)

30 (3)

Inspectorate Authorized to Assess Penalties

No (6)

No (3,24)

Initial Training for New Labor Inspectors

No (6)

Yes (3)

Training on New Laws Related to Child Labor

No (6)

No (3)

Refresher Courses Provided

Yes (6)

No (3)

Number of Labor Inspections Conducted

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Number Conducted at Worksite

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Number of Child Labor Violations Found

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Number of Child Labor Violations for Which Penalties Were Imposed

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Number of Child Labor Penalties Imposed that Were Collected

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Routine Inspections Conducted

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Routine Inspections Targeted

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Unannounced Inspections Permitted

Unknown (6)

Yes (3)

Unannounced Inspections Conducted

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Complaint Mechanism Exists

Yes (6)

Yes (3)

Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Labor Authorities and Social Services

Yes (6)

Yes (3)

In addition to 30 full-time inspectors, the Ministry of Public Service, Employment, and Social Dialogue employs 50 labor controllers who act in an advisory role (but are unable conduct inspections themselves). (3) Although a hiring freeze has prevented any new labor inspectors from joining the labor inspectorate, 18 trainees from the National Administration School (École Nationale d'Administration) are scheduled to graduate in 2020. (3) However, the number of labor inspectors is likely insufficient for the size of Chad's workforce, which includes approximately 5.6 million workers. According to the ILO's technical advice of a ratio approaching 1 inspector for every 40,000 workers in less developed economies, Chad would employ about 140 labor inspectors. (2,35,36) In addition, the government did not provide information on its labor law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report.

Ongoing austerity measures hampered inspectors' ability to conduct inspections. (1,6) Budget cuts enacted during the reporting period further constrained the ability of inspectors to conduct their activities. (3) Labor inspectors lack sufficient resources, including transportation, to conduct investigations outside the city in which they are based. (3,6,21) Research indicates that the informal sector, in which many children work, is also largely unmonitored. (2,21) In cases involving children working as herders, local officials or NGO lawyers have negotiated settlements with employers for damages or fulfillment of contract terms on behalf of victims' families. (11)

Criminal Law Enforcement

Research did not find information on whether criminal law enforcement agencies in Chad took actions to combat child labor.

Table 7. Criminal Law Enforcement Efforts Related to Child Labor

Overview of Criminal Law Enforcement

2018

2019

Initial Training for New Criminal Investigators

No (33)

Unknown (3)

Training on New Laws Related to the Worst Forms of Child Labor

No (33)

Unknown (3)

Refresher Courses Provided

No (33)

Yes (3)

Number of Investigations

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Number of Violations Found

2 (1)

Unknown (3)

Number of Prosecutions Initiated

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Number of Convictions

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Imposed Penalties for Violations Related to The Worst Forms of Child Labor

Unknown (6)

Unknown (3)

Reciprocal Referral Mechanism Exists Between Criminal Authorities and Social Services

Yes (1)

Yes (3)

Investigations uncovered cases of commercial sexual exploitation and child soldiering during the reporting period. However, the total number of cases is unknown because the government does not maintain a centralized criminal records database. All criminal records are handwritten, and hard copies are stored at courts and regional tribunals. (1,3) Therefore, the government did not provide information on its criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. (3) Judiciary and enforcement agencies have not been fully trained on the 2018 President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons; therefore, some perpetrators of human trafficking were released. (33,37,38) Furthermore, child victims may be detained with their traffickers due to a lack of available service providers. (38)

Civil society organizations typically assist with providing temporary shelter, legal assistance, and family reintegration services; they also track prosecutions and convictions. (1,3) A lack of infrastructure, erratic and insufficient funding allocations, and under-enforcement of existing penalties also pose barriers to enforcement. (3,21,33) Intermittent strikes during the reporting period also affected the judicial system's ability to function. (1,3,39)

IV. Coordination of Government Efforts on Child Labor

The government has established mechanisms to coordinate its efforts to address child labor (Table 8). However, gaps exist that hinder the effective coordination of efforts to address child labor, including funding and efficacy in accomplishing mandates.

Table 8. Key Mechanisms to Coordinate Government Efforts on Child Labor

Coordinating Body

Role & Description

Inter-Ministerial Committee on Child Soldiers

Coordinates government efforts to eliminate the use of children in armed conflict and address the worst forms of child labor. Located in each of the eight military regions and includes representatives from the government, army, gendarmerie, and civil society organizations. Conducts awareness-raising activities and training in the military. (3) A child soldiers task force, comprising UNICEF, the Ministry of Defense, MOJ, and MWCPNS, periodically screens recruitment pools for minimum age requirement violations. There is no indication that the government recruits or uses child soldiers. (11) Research was unable to determine whether the committee was active during the reporting period.

Working Group on the Worst Forms of Child Labor

Coordinates government efforts on child trafficking, provides training, conducts awareness-raising activities, and strengthens the network of government organizations that address human trafficking. Chaired by MWCPNS's Child Protection Directorate and includes representatives from four other ministries, including MOPS. (34) Did not meet during the reporting period. (3)

MWCPNS's Regional Child Protection Committees

Coordinate regional government efforts to address the worst forms of child labor and refer victims as appropriate. (1,11,33) Members include judiciary, police, labor inspectors, educators, civil society, and social services providers. (33) Victims may file civil suits to seek damages from traffickers. In cases involving children trafficked as herders, local officials or NGO lawyers negotiated settlements with employers for damages or fulfillment of contract terms on behalf of victims' families. (11) In 2019, educated children on their rights and raised awareness of children's rights among adults as part of the "Day of the African Child" celebration with the African Union. (3) However, a lack of funding and personnel limited further activities. (11)

On June 16, the Ministry of Women, Childhood Protection and National Solidarity and the African Union celebrated the "Day of the African Child" by educating children on their rights and raising awareness of children's legal rights among adults. (3)

V. Government Policies on Child Labor

The government has established policies related to child labor (Table 9). However, policy gaps exist that hinder efforts to address child labor, including a lack of implementation.

Table 9. Key Policies Related to Child Labor

Policy

Description

National Road Map to Implement the President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons†

Adopted in 2019, with the ultimate goal of implementing a National Action Plan and coordinated interagency enforcement of the 2018 President's Ordinance on Trafficking in Persons. (1,3) Includes provisions for training members of the courts, local authorities, traditional and religious leaders, members of civil society, and members of enforcement agencies. (11) The 2018 law also designates the National Committee to Fight Against Trafficking to design the national trafficking action plan. (33,37) The committee was not established during the reporting period. (11,33)

Five-Year Plan for Development (2016–2020)

Developed by the Ministry of Economy and Development Planning. Aims to conduct a survey on child labor every 3 years, increase the rate of birth registrations, increase educational opportunities, and strengthen the human and financial capacity of the MOPS's directorate charged with combating the worst forms of child labor. (38,40) Research was unable to determine if the components of the policy pertaining to child labor were active during the reporting period.

Interim Education Plan (2018–2020)

Includes measure to adopt bilingual education (French and Arabic) in basic education and integrate Chad's refugee camp schools into the national school system. Education Cannot Wait, a UNICEF-funded program, was partially developed under the auspices of the Interim Education Plan. (41) In 2020, the government announced a 1 year extension of the plan. (42)

Vision 2030

Developed by the Ministry of Economy and Development Planning. Aims to increase educational opportunities, establish social protection policies, and implement a national employment policy with a youth focus. (43) Research was unable to determine whether the policy was active during the reporting period.

† The policy was adopted during the reporting period.
‡ The government had other policies that may have addressed child labor issues or had an impact on child labor. (6,44,45)

Although the government adopted a roadmap to address trafficking in persons, research found no evidence of a policy on other worst forms of child labor.

VI. Social Programs to Address Child Labor

In 2019, the government funded and participated in programs that may contribute to eliminating or preventing child labor (Table 10). However, gaps exist in these social programs, including funding and adequacy of programs to address the full scope of the problem.

Table 10. Key Social Programs to Address Child Labor

Program

Description

World Bank-Funded Projects

Projects aim to improve safety nets and provide access to basic services. Include: Safety Nets Project (2016–2020), a $10 million project that provides conditional cash transfers and cash-to-work programs; Refugees and Host Communities Support (2018–2023), a $60 million project to improve access to health and education services for refugees and host communities by rehabilitating and constructing primary schools; the Education Sector Reform Project Phase 2 (2013–2020), a $65 million project to improve education conditions in primary and secondary schools; and the Sahel Women Empowerment and Demographic Dividend–AF Phase 2 (2014-2023), a $170 million project to provide girls, adolescents, and women access to quality education. By the end of 2019, the Sahel Women Empowerment program had reached 13,000 vulnerable children with school kits, housing, payment of school fees, and academic support. Secondary school attendance increased by 26 percent in 3 regions (Lac, Kanem, and Salamat), the dropout rate was cut in half, and 397 safe spaces in schools were created. (46) By the end of the reporting period, the Education Sector Reform project had built and equipped 500 classrooms, and procured and distributed close to 3 million textbooks. In addition, 20,000 pupils (60 percent of them girls) learned to read and write, and nearly 13,000 community teachers were trained. (46-52)

UNICEF Programs*

In 2019, UNICEF constructed or rehabilitated 51 temporary learning spaces in Lake province, facilitating access to education for 10,200 children. (16) UNICEF also trained 328 parents' association members on income-generating activities to support schools in conflict-affected areas. During the reporting period, UNICEF and partners also reunited 28 unaccompanied children, 9 of whom were formerly associated with armed groups, with their families. (16) In December 2019, UNICEF's Education Cannot Wait (2020-2022)* program announced a 2 year, $16 million grant to support education for 230,000 at-risk children. The program was developed under the Ministry of National Education's Transitional Education Plan, Program to Strengthen Literacy, Humanitarian Response Plan and Education Cluster Strategy. (41) Interventions include early childhood education initiatives, and out-of-school adolescent children (ages 9 to 14) will benefit from non-formal education and literacy programs. (41)

Reception Centers†

Run by MWCPNS with the assistance of UNICEF and local NGOs; centers located throughout the country provide temporary assistance to victims of child trafficking, including food, education, medical and psychological care, and reintegration services. (1,3) The National Solidarity Fund, maintained by the Prime Minister's Office, funds temporary shelter or reunification assistance for victims. (53) Child Protection Directorates at various ministries and the CPB work together to provide support and reintegration services to victims of exploitation. (3) Shelters continued to provide victim services during the reporting period. (3)

UNDAF (2017–2021)

Aims to provide access to quality education for children who are school age, refugees, and vulnerable, and to improve social protection and promote good governance. (54) Research was unable to determine whether the program was implemented during the reporting period.

WFP Strategic Plan (2019–2023)

$1.3 billion program funded by WFP to improve food security and educational outcomes. Aims to provide technical assistance to the Ministry of Education, distribute school lunches to crisis-affected areas, and disperse cash to girls who are attending school. (55)

* Program was launched during the reporting period.
† Program is funded by the Government of Chad.
‡ The government had other social programs that may have included the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor. (33)

The government's funding of social programs continued to be limited due to austerity measures during the reporting period, and social services are limited to urban areas. (3) Although Chad has programs that target child labor, the scope of these programs is insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem, particularly the use of child labor in herding cattle, forced child labor in domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. (56)

VII. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate Child Labor

Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor in Chad (Table 11).

Table 11. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate Child Labor

Area

Suggested Action

Year(s) Suggested

Legal Framework

Ensure that laws specifically prohibit children from being used, offered, or procured for illicit activities.

2011 – 2019

 

Ratify pending laws criminalizing child trafficking and extending protection to children working in the informal sector.

2019

 

Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory.

2018 – 2019

Enforcement

Ensure that the roles of enforcement agencies are well-known and understood by the public; that law enforcement agencies receive sufficient resources, including training; to carry out their mandate; and that children are not detained with alleged perpetrators due to a lack of available service providers.

2016 – 2019

 

Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties, and by providing inspectors with sufficient resources, including training, to conduct inspections in both the formal and informal sectors.

2014 – 2019

 

Collect, store, and publish data on law enforcement efforts, including information about labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of inspections conducted, whether violations were found, penalties imposed and fees collected, and the number of criminal investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained.

2014 – 2019

 

Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO technical advice.

2012 – 2019

 

Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies are sufficiently funded, law enforcement officers are trained, and existing penalties are enforced according to the law.

2015 – 2019

 

Ensure that children are not subjected to the worst forms of child labor by military or local government officials.

2019

Coordination

Ensure that coordinating committees receive adequate resources to meet and carry out their mandates to coordinate efforts and respond to child labor issues.

2014 – 2019

Government Policies

Adopt a policy to combat all relevant worst forms of child labor in Chad and ensure that existing policies are implemented.

2009 – 2019

Social Programs

Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees; ensure that schools are safe spaces; and increase the number of schools, grade levels, classrooms, and teachers available throughout the country, including for children in refugee camps.

2014 – 2019

 

Ensure that all children are issued birth certificates, which may be required for school enrollment.

2014 – 2019

 

Ensure that existing programs receive adequate funding to support victims of child labor throughout the country, and that programs are implemented as intended.

2016 – 2019

 

Establish or expand programs to provide services to children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, such as the use of forced child labor in herding cattle, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation.

2009 – 2019

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  29. Government of the Republic of Chad. Ordonnance N° 001/PR/2014 Portant Interdiction et Répression de l'Enrôlement et de l'utilisation des enfants dans les conflits armés. Enacted: January 27, 2014. Source on file.

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