7. September 2015

 

Die folgenden Ausschnitte aus ausgewählten Quellen enthalten Informationen zu oben genannter Fragestellung (Zugriff auf alle Quellen am 7. September 2015):

Allgemeine Informationen zum Clan Al-bu Nasir

·      CRS - Congressional Research Service: Iraq: Tribal Structure, Social, and Political Activities (Autor: Hussein D. Hassan), 7. April 2008
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS22626.pdf

„Tikriti-al, the late General Ahmad Hassan Al-Bakr, former president of the republic, former commander-in-chief of the armed forces, command member of the Ba’ath party from 1973-1977, and Saddam Hussein came from a section of the Albu Nasir Tribe, the group of tribes usually called al-Takarita (or the Tikritis.) The Albu Nasir tribe is believed to have more than 350,000 young men. In July 2003, Abdullah Mahmoud al-Khattab, leader of Saddam’s section of the tribe, was gunned down in Tikrit, a few weeks after he publicly disavowed Saddam.” (CRS, 7. April 2008, S. 5)

·      CFR - Council on Foreign Relations: Iraq: The Role of Tribes (Autorin: Sharon Otterman), 14. November 2003
http://www.cfr.org/iraq/iraq-role-tribes/p7681

„What tribes are the most powerful in Iraq today? In general, Sunni tribes that were favored by Saddam, although members of some of these tribes have occasionally attempted to rebel against him. This includes the Dulaym confederation, which occupies a wide stretch of territory in central Iraq, and the Shammar, which lives north of Baghdad between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. Other important Sunni tribes include the al-Jaburi, the Ubaydis, and the 'Azza. Saddam particularly favored members of his own tribe, the al-Bu Nasir— though he also made enemies within the tribe by murdering members he considered disloyal. […]

A group of tribes forms a confederation, or qabila, which consists of a number of tribes. In Saddam’s case, his Al-bu Nasir tribe was part of a federation named after the town, al-Tikriti.” (CFR, 14. November 2003)

Situation von Angehörigen des Clans Al-bu Nasir

·      USDOS - US Department of State: Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2014 - Iraq, 25. Juni 2015 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/306248/443520_de.html

„The United Nations, international human rights groups, and the media reported that ISIL [Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant] executed hundreds of noncombatants, primarily captured soldiers or those who surrendered, military conscripts, police, and others associated with the government. The majority of those killed were Shia. For example, ISIL conducted mass executions in Tikrit and at a military base, the former Camp Speicher, in June [2014] after seizing control of the city. According to UN statements, ISIL killed as many as 1,700 men in mass execution sites after the June 11-12 takeover of Camp Speicher.” (USDOS, 25. Juni 2015, Section 1g)

·      USIP – United States Institute of Peace: In the Shadow of a Massacre, a Peaceful Return in Iraq, Part I, 16 July 2015
http://www.usip.org/publications/2015/07/16/in-the-shadow-of-massacre-peaceful-return-in-iraq-part-i

„In a plain-as-beige conference room at Baghdad’s Babylon Hotel, the anger flared among the 16 robed Iraqi tribal leaders. The men, after all, carried into the room the outrage and fear from one of the country’s deadliest atrocities in recent years – the execution-style slaying in June 2014 of an estimated 1,700 young Iraqi air force cadets and soldiers at a base known as Camp Speicher. The accusations flew across the conference table – that tribes in the area supported the rampage by the self-styled ‘Islamic State’ extremist group, and even joined in the killings. […]

Because ‘Islamic State’ is known as a staunchly Sunni Muslim group, and the victims in the Speicher massacre were mostly Shia Muslims from the country’s south, antagonists on both sides could – and did seize on the anger with inflammatory rhetoric that exacerbated the risks of further violence. Fear and outrage flared again in March [2015], after the mostly-Shia Iraqi Army and unofficial Iraqi militias called ‘Popular Mobilization Forces’ recaptured Tikrit and quickly began to uncover mass graves. Sunni families fled the area in fear that the Shia militias would seek revenge. […]

As the Iraqi mediators and USIP worked to prevent further violence, the first break came at that March meeting in the Hotel Babylon. Each side agreed to take certain actions (more on that later). That was followed by a remarkable press conference in April by leaders of the two tribes that Shias had accused of complicity with the Islamic State group, al-Bu Ajeel and al-Bu Nasir. The leaders denied involvement in the massacre and pledged to help bring to justice any members of their tribes who might be found to have participated. The denial was extraordinary because taking such a step could have been seen by cultural norms as a sign of fear or weakness. […]

Then in June [2015], came an even bigger reward. The channels the peacebuilding team had opened among tribal sheikhs, militias and government officials had unlocked another door – the prospect that families who’d fled Tikrit, either during the 2014 Islamic State rampage or during the city’s recapture in March, could return. So in early June, more than 400 Sunni families piled into buses and safely made the journey back to their communities, even escorted and welcomed by members of the militias. Within weeks, the number of families who returned exceeded 1,000.

Whether the Iraqi government can achieve the return of families to areas recaptured from the Islamic state ‘could determine whether the country can recover its unity,’ according to a June 19 [2015] report in the Washington Post, which said virtually the city’s entire population of 150,000 people had been driven out in the course of the war. The New York Times also reported the returns to Tikrit represented ‘a crucial test of the [Shia-dominated] central government’s ability to stabilize’ and peacefully reintegrate Sunni areas retaken from the Islamic State group.” (USIP, 16. Juli 2015)

·      USIP – United States Institute of Peace: In the Shadow of a Massacre, a Peaceful Return in Iraq, Part II, 17 July 2015
http://www.usip.org/publications/2015/07/17/in-the-shadow-of-massacre-peaceful-return-in-iraq-part-ii

„Most of Iraq’s Shia militias, such as those that recaptured Tikrit in March, are from the south, as were most of the victims of the June 2014 massacre. In the north, the al-Bu Nasir tribe, one of those that denied complicity with the Islamic State, includes Saddam Hussein’s family.” (USIP, 17. Juli 2015)

·      Daily Telegraph: Iraq crisis: head of Saddam Hussein’s tribe denounces ex-Ba’athists, 20. Juni 2014
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10913757/Iraq-crisis-head-of-Saddam-Husseins-tribe-denounces-ex-Baathists.html

„The head of Saddam Hussein’s tribe has denounced ex-Ba’athists for joining Iraq’s jihadist-led uprising, saying the country’s late dictator would not have approved.

Sheikh Hassan al-Nasseri spoke to The Telegraph after fleeing Saddam’s home town of Tikrit, where an alliance of Ba’athists and Isis fighters are now in control. […]

Mr Nasseri, 63, lives in Saddam’s home village of al-Owja, where the Iraqi dictator was born into poverty in 1937. In the decade since Saddam’s fall, the immense wealth that his extended family gained during his reign has been confiscated, and they have complained of harassment by Iraq’s new Shia-dominated government.

However, the tribe’s declining fortunes did not give Mr Nasseri cause to sympathise with the militants who swept in last week, ousting the Iraqi army and planting black jihadist flags over the town.

As well as gunmen from Isis, the fighters are believed to have included former commanders of Saddam’s Ba’ath party, who see the former dictator’s old town and the northern city of Mosul as part of their rightful turf. […]

Mr Nasseri said that as well as fighters from Isis, the militants included men from the Naqshbandi army, a Sunni militant group led by Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, a fellow Tikriti who was one of Saddam’s most feared enforcers. As the King of Clubs in the ‘Deck of 55’ most wanted Ba’athists issued by the US military in 2003, he is the only high-ranking member of Saddam’s old regime still at large. […]

Mr Nasseri, who says his 4,000-strong tribe killed many US troops during the anti-American insurgency, claims many of them are now routinely arrested by the Iraqi security forces, to the point where ‘we have our own special reserved wing’ in Mr Maliki’s jails.” (Daily Telegraph, 20. Juni 2014)

·      BBC News: Saddam aide Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri ‘killed’ in Iraq, 17. April 2015
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32347036

„Fugitive Iraqi militant leader Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, who was right-hand man to Iraq’s ex-leader Saddam Hussein, has been killed, Iraqi officials say. They say he died in fighting in Salahuddin province, north of Baghdad. His supporters have denied the claim. Douri, 72, led the Naqshbandi Order insurgent group, a key force behind the recent rise of Islamic State (IS).” (BBC News, 17. April 2015)

·      BBC News: Bomb kills head of Saddam's tribe, 10. Juni 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7445799.stm

„The head of Saddam Hussein’s tribe has been blown up in a car bomb in the town of Awja, near Tikrit, Iraqi police say. They said explosives may have been attached to the underside of the car belonging to Sheikh Ali al-Nida, head of the al-Bu Nasir tribe. Sheikh Ali’s driver was also killed in the blast and at least one of his guards was seriously wounded. The car exploded as it was travelling back to Awja, the executed leader’s birthplace, after a trip to Tikrit. Maj Ahmed Subhi, head of a counter-terrorism unit in Salahuddin province, said the sheikh ‘was the victim of assassination’. […]

Members of the al-Bu Nasir, a 20,000-strong Sunni Arab tribe, held some of the most important security and political positions in Iraq under Saddam Hussein. Some security forces - such as the feared Intelligence Service and the Special Republican Guard - were exclusively manned by clansmen from the al-Bu Nasir. Last year, Sheikh Ali founded a so-called Awakening Council in Awja, part of a movement in which Sunni Arab tribes teamed up with US forces to fight al-Qaeda-inspired militants in the area. At the end of 2006, as head of the tribe he received Saddam Hussein’s body for burial in Awja following the former leader’s execution in Baghdad.

Members of the al-Bu Nasir have been targeted before during the five years of violent instability that followed the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq. Correspondents say it is unclear if the tribe’s ties to the late leader were the motive or long-standing tribal rivalries. Mahmoud al-Nida, the sheikh’s brother, was killed by unknown gunmen in 2006. Members of Awakening Councils, which are in part credited for the recent reduction in violence in Iraq, have also been frequently the targets of assassination.” (BBC News, 10. Juni 2008)

Es konnten keine weiteren Informationen zur Situation von Angehörigen des Clans Al-bu Nasir gefunden werden.