Document #1308315
Freedom House (Author)
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National Democratic Governance | 4.75 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.25 | 5.25 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 5.75 | 5.75 | 5.75 |
Electoral Process | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.25 | 3.25 | 3.25 | 3.25 | 3.25 | 3.25 | 3.25 |
Civil Society | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 |
Independent Media | 4.00 | 4.25 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 |
Local Democratic Governance | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 |
Judicial Framework and Independence | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.25 | 4.25 | 4.25 | 4.25 | 4.50 | 4.50 |
Corruption | 4.25 | 4.25 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 5.00 |
Democracy Score | 4.04 | 4.11 | 4.18 | 4.25 | 4.32 | 4.36 | 4.39 | 4.43 | 4.46 | 4.50 |
NOTE: The ratings reflect the consensus of Freedom House, its academic advisers, and the author(s) of this report. If consensus cannot be reached, Freedom House is responsible for the final ratings. The ratings are based on a scale of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the highest level of democratic progress and 7 the lowest. The Democracy Score is an average of ratings for the categories tracked in a given year. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s).
With progress practically nonexistent, the overall state of democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is declining year after year. Politicians fail to respect the will of citizens, who are at the same time unable to hold leaders accountable for their actions. Despite agreeing on economic and social reforms and committing to European Union (EU) accession—and finally, after seven years, activating a Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) with the EU in June 2015—the authorities failed to take any concrete actions. Constant crises, produced by interparty, personal, and ethnic conflicts on all levels of governance, are paralyzing all institutions, including the judiciary. The current system exists as a purpose unto itself, feeding an enormous bureaucratic machine and awarding those loyal to it. This status quo, however, may become more difficult to sustain in the future as the standby arrangement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) expired in July. Following the IMF’s decision not to disburse the remaining loan monies, both the Serb-dominated Republika Srpska (RS) and the Federation of BiH (FBiH) turned to commercial creditors to ensure their financial stability. The move raised criticism because not all terms of the loans were made public. In addition, the FBiH announced that it will decrease the amount of money distributed to cantons, which will heavily affect their functioning.
After years of constant quarreling and refusals to form a coalition, the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) leader, Bakir Izetbegović, and Alliance for a Better Future (SBB) leader, Fahrudin Radončić, reached a coalition agreement in October. This unlikely development suggested that they are interested in retaining power above all other objectives. The first coalition of FBiH parties, formed in March by the SDA, the Democratic Front (DF), and the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), lasted less than 100 days; the DF left in June. Affairs were at a standstill for most of the year, with parties waiting to appoint their representatives into governing positions and to reach agreement on the distribution of privileges for their members.
While the RS government is relatively stable, the ruling Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) and its leader Milorad Dodik called a referendum on the state-level judiciary, potentially threatening the country’s stability. The referendum was also a convenient excuse to remove economic problems, like the budget deficit, from the public discourse—a standard political practice in BiH. Dodik has been undermining state institutions for years, especially the judiciary, claiming that only Serbs get convicted for war crimes and that state judicial bodies are biased against the RS. Members of Parliament (MPs) from SNSD boycotted sessions and blocked decision-making in the BiH parliament for a significant part of the year, while in December RS police suspended cooperation with state institutions.
Due to overlapping jurisdictions, numerous institutions without real power, political pressures, and a lack of will, there was little progress achieved in fighting the country’s widespread corruption. The legal and institutional framework remains weak, enforcement is lacking, and in 2015 implementation of several anticorruption laws was postponed because institutions were not ready. In addition, whistleblowers usually encounter problems instead of support when reporting corruption.
Conflict of interest is not properly monitored and cases are rarely discovered. Despite many arrests and investigations, high-profile politicians rarely get convicted, which intensifies distrust toward the judiciary and police. The judicial system’s ineffectiveness is a serious problem, with entities failing to implement even verdicts of the state Constitutional Court. Key evidence is often lost, while trials last for years. According to reports from the security services, office holders and legislators collaborate with criminals. Several scandals have revealed that judges and investigators are not immune to wrongdoings themselves. For instance, Court of BiH judge Azra Miletić was arrested in February and accused of taking bribes from a former cantonal police commissioner and his accomplice, who were being tried for organized crime and abuse of office at the time.
The country’s mood is bleak, and people have little faith that positive change is possible. The momentum of the 2014 protests has ebbed, and no significant protests sprung up in 2015. In both entities, politicians are quick to adopt important legislation, such as labor laws, in urgent procedures, making constructive criticism impossible. In February, RS authorities expanded the definition of “public spaces” to include the internet, which now allows them to legally restrict the space for civil society activity and journalism. This move was widely considered a blow to democracy. To prevent protests, police throughout the country are provided with new equipment, and authorities in some parts of FBiH, like Tuzla Canton, have limited the legal ways for people to publicly express dissatisfaction. In two separate bills, RS authorities also attempted to take control of NGOs that are financed by international donors and limit public gatherings. These legislative drafts were eventually withdrawn from the parliament.
During 2015, ethnic relations were much more tense than in recent years, with incidents on all sides. In the RS, Bosniak returnees were beaten up on numerous occasions. In April, an alleged radical Islamist attacked a police station in the Serb-dominated city of Zvornik, killing one officer and injuring two others. In November, a gunman killed two Bosnian soldiers in Sarajevo before blowing himself up. Authorities dealing with radical Islamism have neglected the problem for years and politicized the issue for the purpose of everyday political fights instead of addressing root causes.
Tensions between BiH and Serbia reached a peak when police arrested former Srebrenica war commander Naser Orić in June, based on the request of Serbian authorities. Following the arrest, SDA president and member of BiH Presidency Bakir Izetbegović canceled the visit of Serbian President Tomislav Nikolić, while Aleksandar Vučić, Serbia’s prime minister, was attacked with stones and water bottles in July during a commemoration for the victims of the Srebrenica massacre. Relations between the two countries had improved somewhat by year’s end.
Publication of the 2013 census results was further postponed during the year; this time, authorities could not agree on how to process the data. The 2013 census was the first since 1991, and its results will likely affect future governing structures, which are still based on 1991 ethnicity data.
Changes:
Outlook for 2016
Despite general commitment to EU integration and reforms, it is difficult to envisage a major improvement in the near future in any of these areas. Should BiH authorities submit the application for EU accession, it would be meaningless because the required conditions remain unfulfilled. The local election campaign is expected to take up most of the year, diverting attention from dealing with the country’s problems. It is hard to imagine a serious determination to fight corruption in the near future, but more politicization of the judiciary, including political arrests, is quite likely.
The expiration of the IMF loan left a huge gap in the entities’ budgets, which will only increase with the announcement of the 2016 FBiH budget that aims to send less money to cantons. For a short time, entity governments are capable of maintaining a fragile fiscal stability while buying social peace, but serious cuts or new arrangements with monetary institutions are necessary to keep the system working. Otherwise, social unrest is to be expected, especially if the governing structures fail to pay civil servants’ salaries on time.
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
4.75 |
5.00 |
5.00 |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
3.00 |
3.00 |
3.00 |
3.25 |
3.25 |
3.25 |
3.25 |
3.25 |
3.25 |
3.25 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
3.50 |
3.50 |
3.50 |
3.50 |
3.50 |
3.50 |
3.50 |
3.50 |
3.50 |
3.50 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
4.00 |
4.25 |
4.50 |
4.50 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
4.00 |
4.00 |
4.00 |
4.00 |
4.25 |
4.25 |
4.25 |
4.25 |
4.50 |
4.50 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
4.25 |
4.25 |
4.50 |
4.50 |
4.50 |
4.50 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
4.75 |
5.00 |
Author: Dino Jahić
Dino Jahić is a journalist, editor, and media trainer in Sarajevo and Belgrade. He is a graduate of the journalism department of the Faculty of Political Science at the University of Sarajevo.
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[11] “Milorad Dodik:Srbija i Republika Srpska će biti jedno” [Milorad Dodik: Serbia and Republic of Srpska Will Be One], Blic.rs/SRNA, 18 October 2015, http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Politika/599206/Milorad-Dodik-Srbija-i-Republika-Srpska-ce-biti-jedno
[12] “Dodik podnio tužbu protiv sebe” [Dodik sued himself], Klix.ba/FENA, 2 November 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/dodik-podnio-tuzbu-protiv-sebe/151102080
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[14] “Poslanici SNSD-a napustili sjednicu Predstavničkog doma PSBiH” [SNSD PMs Left Session of the House of the Representatives], Klix.ba/FENA, 23 February 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/poslanici-snsd-a-napustili-sjednicu-predstavnickog-doma-psbih/150223047
[15] Parliament of BiH contains two chambers: House of Representatives and House of Peoples.
[16] N.N.,“Vlasti potvrdile: FBiH će se zadužiti kod komercijalnih banaka za 200 miliona KM” [Authorities Confirmed: FBiH will take 200 million of KM from Commercial Banks], Klix.ba, 17 September 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/vlasti-potvrdile-fbih-ce-se-zaduziti-kod-komercijalnih-banaka-za-200-miliona-km/150917063
[17] Srecko Latal, “Bosnian Serb Leaders Under Fire Over Loan”, Balkaninsight.com, 16 October 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/new-loan-for-bosnian-serb-entity-triggers-controversy-10-16-2015
[18] Srecko Latal, “Bosnia-Serbia Relations Hit as Nikolic Cancels Visit”, Balkaninsight.com, 16 June 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/tensions-deepen-in-relations-between-bosnia-and-serbia
[19] Denis Dzidic, Katarina Panic, “Attack on Vucic at Srebrenica Widely Condemned”, Balkaninsight.com, 13 July 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/vucic-srebrenica-attack-brings-new-instability-for-region
[20] Rodolfo Toe, „Serbia, Bosnia Pledge Closer Ties After Tensions“, Balkaninsight.com, 4 November 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/serbia-bosnia-vow-to-boost-ties-after-tensions-11-04-2015
[21] „Vucic visits Srebrenica memorial center“, B92.net, 11 November 2015, http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2015&mm=11&dd=11&nav_id=96015
[22] N.N.,“Potvrđeno: Kasnit će objava rezultata popisa stanovništva” [Confirmed: Publishing of Census Results will be Late], Klix.ba, 21 May 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/potvrdjeno-kasnit-ce-objava-rezultata-popisa-stanovnistva/150521084
[23] “Usvojen izvještaj o nepravilnostima u radu biračkih odbora” [A Report on Irregularities in Work of Electoral Committees Adopted], Izbori.ba, 7 May 2015, http://izbori.ba/Default.aspx?CategoryID=64&Lang=3&Id=1744
[24] “Mikić: Potrebne izmjene izbornog zakona” [Mikic: Changes of Electoral Law Needed], Nezavisne.com/SRNA, 5 February 2015, http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Mikic-Potrebne-izmjene-izbornog-zakona/287366
[25] Aida Đugum,“Slabe karike izbornog zakona: Od manipulacije glasovima do korupcije” [Weak Parts of Electroal Process: From Manipulation With Votes to Corruption], Slobodnaevropa.org, 6 March 2015, http://www.slobodnaevropa.org/content/slabe-karike-izbornog-zakona-od-manipulacija-glasovima-do-korupcije/26885908.html
[26] Early Elections 2015: Results for Fojnica, Živinice, Kalesija, Domaljevac-Šamac, Stanari and Istočni Drvar, http://izbori.ba/Default.aspx?CategoryID=544&Lang=3
[27] Early Elections 2015: Results for Stanari, http://izbori.ba/Rezultati/2015/Prijevremeni_izbori_1/potvrdjeni/files/Glavni_report_trka_8_opstina_040.html
[28] I.P.,“Stotine građana u BiH obilježilo godišnjicu februarskih protesta” [Hundreds of Citizens Marked Anniversary of February Protests], Klix.ba, 7 February 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/stotine-gradjana-u-bih-obiljezilo-godisnjicu-februarskih-protesta/150207035
[29] Zvjezdan Živković,“Sarajevo: Usvojen Zakon o radu, završen protest radnika” [Labour Law Adopted, Protest of Workers Over], Slobodnaevropa.org, 30 July 2015, http://www.slobodnaevropa.org/content/u-sarajevu-protesti-zbog-novog-zakona-o-radu/27160282.html
[30] “VIDEO: Ranka Mišić izbačena iz sale Narodne Skupštine RS”, [Ranka Misic Expeled From the National Assembly], N1info,com, 28 December 2015, http://ba.n1info.com/a75439/Vijesti/Vijesti/VIDEO-Ranka-Misic-izbacena-iz-sale-Narodne-skupstine-RS.html
[31] “Tuzla: Radnici TTU-a se sukobili sa policijom ispred zgrade Vlade TK” [Tuzla: TTU Workers Clashed With Police in front of the Tuzla Government Building], Klix.ba, 13 August 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/tuzla-radnici-ttu-a-se-sukobili-sa-policijom-ispred-zgrade-vlade-tk/150813032
[32] D. Brkić,“Radnici Aide se naguravali s policijom, Bego Gutić napustio Vladu TK” [Aida Workers Pushed Police, Bego Gutic Left Tuzla Canton Government], Klix.ba, 16 March 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/radnici-aide-se-naguravali-s-policijom-bego-gutic-napustio-vladu-tk/150316069
[33] Semir Mujkić, “Vlasti u strahu: Za gušenje građanskih nemira policiji kupljena oprema vrijedna 23 miliona KM” [Authorities in Fear: For Suppression of Citizens’ Unrest Police got Equipment Worth 23KM million], Zurnal.ba, 8 Januray 2015, http://zurnal.ba/novost/18625/vlasti-u-strahu-za-gusenje-gradanskih-%20nemira-policiji-kupljena-oprema-vrijedna-23-miliona-km
[34] M.H,“Policija uklonila šatorsko naselje sindikata solidarnosti u Tuzli” [Police Removed Tents of the Solidarity Sindicate in Tuzla], Klix.ba, 17 October 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/policija-uklonila-satorsko-naselje-sindikata-solidarnosti-u-tuzli/151017008
[35] “Tuzla: Izmjene i dopune Zakona o javnom okupljanju” [Tuzla: Changes and Additions to the Law on Public Gathering], Bhrt.ba, 2 October 2015, http://www.bhrt.ba/bhr1-emisije/tuzla-izmjene-i-dopune-zakona-o-javnom-okupljanju/
[36] “Newly Adopted Legislation Criminalises Posts on Social Media”, Civilrightsdefenders.org, 9 February 2015, http://www.civilrightsdefenders.org/news/newly-adopted-legislation-threatens-freedom-of-expression/
[37] Government of Republic of Srpska, “Prijedlog Zakona o javnom redu i miru”, [Draft Law on Public Peace and Order], December 2014, http://www.cenzolovka.rs/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Prijedlog-Zakona-o-javnom-redu-i-miru-RS.pdf
[38] Uroš Vukić, “Pao zakon o javnom okupljanju” [Law on Public Gathering not Adopted], Nezavisne.com, 18 May 2015, http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Pao-zakon-o-javnom-okupljanju/305833
[39] “Severe Blow to the Work of NGOs”, Ti-bih.org, 11 May 2015, http://ti-bih.org/udar-na-rad-nevladinih-organizacija/?lang=en
[40] “Trojica mladića Bošnjaka vrijeđani i pretučeni u Prijedoru” [Three Young Bosniaks Insulted and Beaten up in Prijedor], Klix.ba, 12 August 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/crna-hronika/trojica-mladica-bosnjaka-vrijedjani-i-pretuceni-u-prijedoru/150812123
[41] “Osumnjičenima za napad u Omerovićima određen pritvor” [Suspects for the Attack in Omerovici in Custody], Klix.ba/FENA, 18 August 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/osumnjicenima-za-napad-u-omerovicima-odredjen-pritvor/150818090
[42] Elvira M. Jukic, “Hooligan Attack Raises Ethnic Tensions in Bosnia”, Balkaninsight.com, 16 March 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/hooligan-attack-raises-ethnic-tensions-in-bosnia
[43] “Zajednička reakcija BHN, HND i NUNS nakon događaja u Zvoniku” [Joint Reaction of BHN, HND and NUNS After Zvornik Events], Bhnovinari.ba, 29 April 2015, http://www.bhnovinari.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=745%3Azajednika-reakcija-bhn-hnd-i-nuns-a-nakon-dogaaja-u-zvorniku&catid=62%3Asaopenja&Itemid=240&lang=bs
[44] E.F.,“Povratnici ugroženiji sada nego u prvim godinama nakon rata” [Returnees are More Endangered Now than in First Years After the War], Klix.ba, 21 July 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/povratnici-ugrozeniji-sada-nego-u-prvim-godinama-nakon-rata/150721073
[45] Elvira M. Jukic, “Bosnia Police Station Attack Raises Ethnic Tensions”, Balkaninsight.com, 28 April 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/deadly-terrorist-attack-on-police-station-raises-ethnic-tensions-across-bosnia
[46] “’Islamist’ gunman kills two Bosnian soldiers in Sarajevo”, Bbc.com, 19 November 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34866890
[47] Dženana Halimović, “Hapšenjima u Sarajevu spriječen eventualni teroristički napad” [Arrests in Sarajevo Prevented a Potential Terrorist Attack], Slobodnaevropa.org, 22 December 2015, http://www.slobodnaevropa.org/content/hapsenja-sarajevo-terorizam-federalna-uprava-policije/27442531.html
[48] Croat and Bosniak children study in the same building but have separate entrances, classrooms, and curricula.
[49] Nataša Tadić, “Roditelji djece iz Konjević Polja najavili bojkot nastave” [Parents of the Konjevic Polje Children Announced Boycott of the Classes], Ba.n1info.com, 18 August 2015, http://ba.n1info.com/a58619/Vijesti/Vijesti/Djeca-iz-Konjevic-Polja-nastavu-pohadjaju-u-sklopu-vjerskog-objekta.html
[50] Katarina Panic, “Bosnian Serbs’ Renaming of Language Anger Bosniaks”, Balkaninsight.com, 25 June 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/bosnia-s-serb-entity-change-of-language-name-upsets-bosniaks
[51] Er.M.,“Stav OHR-a jasan: Tri službena jezika u BiH su bosanski, hrvatski i srpski” [OHR Attitude Clear: Three Official Languages in BiH are Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian], Klix.ba, 17 October 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/stav-ohr-a-jasan-tri-sluzbena-jezika-u-bih-su-bosanski-hrvatski-i-srpski/150623075
[52] Elvira M. Jukic, “Bosnian Baby Beats Ethnically Divided System”, Balkaninsight.com, 23 June 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/bosnian-baby-beats-ethnically-divided-system
[53] “Print media in BiH”, Press Council of BiH, Vzs.ba, January 2016, http://www.vzs.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=5&Itemid=8; “Licences”, Communications Regulatory Agency, Rak.ba, January 2016, http://rak.ba/eng/index.php?uid=1276851773
[54] “Working Conditions for Journalists in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Journalists in a Gap Between Devastated Media and Legal Insecurity”, Media.ba, February 2015, http://www.media.ba/sites/default/files/working_conditions_bosnia_and_herzegovina_march_2015.pdf
[55] Ibid.
[56] “Predstavljeni rezultati istraživanja ‘Mediji u BiH 2015: medijske slobode, profesionalizam i izazovi’” [Results of the Research ‘Media in BiH 2015: Media Freedom, Profesionalism and Chalenges’ Presented], Bhnovinari.ba, 3 May 2015, http://www.bhnovinari.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=748%3Apredstavljeni-rezultati-istraivanja-qmediji-u-bih-2015-medijske-slobode-profesionalizam-i-izazoviq&catid=63%3Adogaaji&Itemid=241&lang=bs
[57] “BHRT: Konstantan pad naplate RTV takse” [BHRT: Constant Drop in Collection of TV Tax], Klix.ba/FENA, 16 July 2015, http://www.klix.ba/biznis/bhrt-konstantan-pad-naplate-rtv-takse/150716092
[58] “Zbog finansijske krize na BHRT-u bez posla ostalo 80 radnika” [Thanks to Financial Crises on BHRT, 80 Employees Were Fired], Klix.ba, 22 September 2015, http://www.klix.ba/biznis/zbog-finansijske-krize-na-bhrt-u-bez-posla-ostalo-80-radnika/150922027
[59] “Working Conditions for Journalists in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Journalists in a Gap Between Devastated Media and Legal Insecurity”, Media.ba, February 2015, http://www.media.ba/sites/default/files/working_conditions_bosnia_and_herzegovina_march_2015.pdf
[60] “E-novinar Newsletter”, Bhnovinari.ba, June 2015, http://bhnovinari.ba/images/stories/pdf/enovinar/bhn_e-novinar-juni2015__.pdf
[61] “Radojičić ostao kod kuće, Vasić u prvim redovima, Dodik zabranio ’Oslobođenje’” [Radojicic Stayed at Home, Vasic in Front Rows, Dodik Forbid Oslobodjenje], Klix.ba, 14 March 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/snsd-radojicic-ostao-kod-kuce-vasic-u-prv...
[62] “Saopćenje o prijetnjama novinaru Marinku Sekuliću” [Press Release on Death Threats to Journalist Marinko Sekulic], Bhnovinari.ba, 16 May 2015, http://www.bhnovinari.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=722%3Asaopenje-o-prijetnjama-novinaru-marinku-sekuliu&catid=62%3Asaopenja&Itemid=240&lang=bs
[63] “Emil Karamatić: Paljevina mog automobila je rezultat mog cjelokupnog rada” [Emir Karamatic: Burning my Car is the Result of my Pverall Work], Faktor.ba, 7 October 2015, http://faktor.ba/emil-karamatic-paljevina-mog-automobila-je-rezultat-mog-cjelokupnog-rada/
[64] “Osuda napada na novinara Emila Karamatića” [Condemnation of the Attacks on Journalist Emir Karamatic], Bhnovinari.ba, 7 October 2015, http://www.bhnovinari.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827%3Aosuda-napada-na-novinara-emila-karamatia&catid=62%3Asaopenja&Itemid=240&lang=bs
[65] “Digital broadcasting set to transform communication landscape by 2015”, Itu.int, 16 June 2006, https://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2006/11.html
[66] “Do kraja godine testni DVB-T signal” [Test DVB-T Signal by the End of the Year], Teve.ba/BHT1, 1 October 2015, http://teve.ba/article/21767/do-kraja-godine-testni-dvb-t-signal
[67] “BiH jedina u Evropi bez digitalne tv” [BiH Only Country in Europe Without Digital TV], Teve.ba/BHT1, 18 June, 2015, http://teve.ba/article/21129/bih-jedina-u-evropi-bez-digitalne-tv
[68] “Godišnji izvještaj Regulatorne agencije za komunikacije za 2015. godinu” [Annual Report of the Communications Regulatory Agency for 2015], Rak.ba, Communications Regulatory Agency, April 2016, 5 http://rak.ba/bos/index.php?uid=1272548129
[69] “Transparentnost vlasništva nad online medijima u BiH” [Transparency of the Ownership of Online Media in BiH], Internews.ba, 2015, http://internews.ba/sites/default/files/resursi/transparentnost%20vlasnistva%20nad%20online%20medijima%20u%20bih.pdf
[70] “Pregled finansija lokalne samouprave u BiH” [Overview of the BiH Local Self-Governments Financing], Cpi.ba, February 2015, http://www.cpi.ba/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Pregled-finansija-lokalne-samouprave.pdf
[71] Ibid.
[72] Ibid.
[73] Jasna Demirović, “Nema novca za Grad Sarajevo, ko je kriv?” [NoMoney for the City of Sarajevo, Who to Blame?], Ba.n1info.com, 3 September 2015, http://ba.n1info.com/a59008/Vijesti/Vijesti/Problem-finansiranja-Grada-Sarajeva.html
[74] “Riješen problem finansiranja Grada Sarajeva: Manje novca za kantone, posebno za KS” [Problem of City of Sarajevo financing solved: Less money for cantons, especially SarajevoCanton], Klix.ba, 5 November 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/rijesen-problem-finansiranja-grada-sarajeva-manje-novca-za-kantone-posebno-za-ks/151105058
[75] S.H., “Finansijski neodrživi kantoni u 2016. godini od Vlade FBiH neće dobiti pomoć, prijeti im kolaps” [Financially unsustainable cantons will not receive help from the FBiH Government in 2016, there is a threat for their collapse], Klix.ba, 18 November 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/finansijski-neodrzivi-kantoni-u-2016-godini-od-vlade-fbih-nece-dobiti-pomoc-prijeti-im-kolaps/151118081
[76] Vera Soldo, “Mostar bez glasa Mostaraca” [Mostar Without the Votes of its Citizens], Dw.com, 6 August, http://www.dw.com/hr/mostar-bez-glasa-mostaraca/a-18632318
[77] “Samo petina lokalnih samouprava u BiH redovno objavljuju informacije od javnog značaja za građane” [Only One Fifth of Local Self-Governments Publish Information of Public Importance for Caitizens on Regular Bases], CCI.ba, 17 June 2015, http://cci.ba/media/1/39/298.html
[78] “Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Bobar Banka case”, Osservatorio Balcani e Caucasio, 20 August 2015, http://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina-The-Bobar-Banka-case-163488
[79] “BiH municipalities must adopt plans for the fight against corruption”, Ti-bih.org, 20 July 2015,
http://ti-bih.org/opstine-u-bih-moraju-usvojiti-planove-za-borbu-protiv-korupcije/?lang=en /
[80] “Objavljeno u službenom glasniku: Referendum u RS-u 15. novembra” [Published in the Official Gazette: RS Referendum on November 15], Klix.ba, 25 September 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/objavljeno-u-sluzbenom-glasniku-referendum-u-rs-u-15-novembra/150925018
[81] Denis Dzidic, “Bosnia Confirms Indictment of Srebrenica Commander Oric”, Balkaninsight.com, 10 September 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/bosnia-confirms-oric-indictment-09-10-2015
[82] Elvira M. Jukic, “Bosnian Serbs to Hold Referendum on State Courts”, Balkaninsight.com, 16 July 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/bosnian-serbs-to-hold-referendum-over-state-judiciary
[83] “Inzko obavijestio UN: Republika Srpska krši Dejtonski sporazum” [Inzko Notified UN: RS is Breaking Dayton Agreement], Slobodna-bosna.ba, 17 September 2015, http://www.slobodna-bosna.ba/vijest/23956/inzko_obavijestio_un_republika_srpska_krsi_dejtonski_sporazum.html; “Ambasada SAD-a: Iz ovog referendum ne može proizaći ništa dobro” [US Embassy: Nothing Good can Come out of this Referendum], Klix.ba, 15 July 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/ambasada-sad-iz-ovog-referenduma-ne-moze-proizaci-nista-dobro/150715130; Er.M.,“EU: Referendumom u RS-u se odvlači pažnja od socijalnih i ekonomskih problema” [EU: RS Referendum Distracts Attention from Important Social and Economy Issues], Klix.ba, 17 October 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/eu-referendumom-u-rs-u-se-odvlaci-paznja-od-socijalnih-i-ekonomskih-problema/151015039; M.N.,“Ramiz Salkić za Klix.ba: Ovo je uvod u referendum o otcjepljenju od BiH” [Ramiz Salkic: This is Introduction to Secession from BiH], Klix.ba, 15 July 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/ramiz-salkic-za-klix-ba-ovo-je-uvod-u-referendum-o-otcjepljenju-rs-a-od-bih/150715122
[84] Marija Tausan, Denis Dzidic, “Bosnian Prosecutors Left Without Salaries Due to Delays in EU Grant Payments”, Justice-report.com/BIRN BiH, 15 April 2015, http://www.justice-report.com/en/articles/bosnian-prosecutors-left-without-salaries-due-to-delays-in-eu-grant-payments
[85] “Usvojena Strategija za reformu sektora pravde u BiH” [Strategy for Justice Sector Reform in BiH Adopted], Mpr.gov.ba, 9 September 2015, http://www.mpr.gov.ba/aktuelnosti/vijesti/default.aspx?id=4679&langTag=bs-BA
[86] “Sjednica VSTV-a BiH: U fokusu Nacrt zakona o sudovima BiH” [VSTV Session: Draft of the Law on Courts of BiH in Focus], Nezavisne.com/FENA, 21 December 2015, http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Sjednica-VSTV-a-BiH-U-fokusu-Nacrt-zakona-o-sudovima-BiH/343796
[87] “Srpska Bodies Cut Cooperation With SIPA, Court and Prosecutor’s Office”, Srna.rs, 10 December 2015, http://www.srna.rs/novosti/360051/srpska-bodies-cut-cooperation-with-sipa--court-and-prosecutors-office.htm
[88] “Lukač: SIPA-e nećemo dozvoliti pretres institucija RS” [Lukac: We Will Not Allow Raids in RS Institutions], Nezavisne.com/SRNA, 13 December 2015, http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Lukac-Necemo-dozvoliti-pretres-institucija-Srpske-od-strane-SIPA-e/342032
[89] N. Novalić,“Kad papiri utihnu: Kako su iz sefova državnih institucija nestajali ključni dokumenti” [When the Papers go Quiet: How Key Documents Disappeared from the Safes of State Institutions], Klix.ba, 30 March 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/kad-papiri-utihnu-kako-su-iz-sefova-drzavnih-institucija-nestajali-kljucni-dokumenti/150327101
[90] “Tužiteljica Tužilaštva BiH kažnjena zbog odugovlačenja u radu” [Prosecutor of the BiH Prosecutor’s Office sanctioned for stalling], Klix.ba/FENA, 3 November 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/tuziteljica-tuzilastva-bih-kaznjena-zbog-odugovlacenja-u-radu/151103066
[91] Denis Dzidic, “Spor oko Apelacionog suda koči reformu pravosuđa” [Conflict Over Appeal Court Hampers Judiciary Reform], Balkaninsight.com, 7 May 2015, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/bih-spor-oko-apelacionog-suda-ko%C4%8Di-reformu-pravosu%C4%91a
[92] “Održan sastanak Upravnog odbora za smanjenje broja sudskih komunalnih predmeta u Kantonu Sarajevo” [A Meeting of the Managing Board for Decreasing Number of Utility Court Cases in Sarajevo Canton], Pravosudje.ba, 14 October 2015, http://vsts.pravosudje.ba/vstv/faces/vijesti.jsp?id=57718
[93] N.N.,“Ko još mari za Ustavni sud BiH: 91 odluka nikad nije provedena, niko nikada nije odgovarao” [Who Cares for the Constitutional Court of BiH: Its 91 Decisions Haven’t Been Implemented, but Nobody Was Ever Guilty for That], Klix.ba, 30 November 2015, http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/ko-jos-mari-za-ustavni-sud-bih-91-odluka-nije-provedena-niko-nikada-nije-odgovarao/151130007
[94] “Judges in Conflict With the Law”, Cin.ba, 26 February 2015, https://www.cin.ba/en/sudije-u-sukobu-sa-zakonom/
[95] “Investigator Accused of Taking over EUR10.000 in Bribes”, Cin.ba, 7 October 2015, https://www.cin.ba/en/istrazitelj-optuzen-za-mito-od-10-hiljada-eura/
[96] “APIK pozdravio usvajanje nove Strategije za borbu protiv korupcije” [APIK Welcomes Adoption of the New Strategy for the Fight Against Corruption], Apik.ba, 7 May 2015, http://www.apik.ba/aktuelnosti/saopcenja-za-javnost/default.aspx?id=394&langTag=bs-BA
[97] Amra Brkić - Čekić,“Sead Lisak: Zahvatila nas je epidemija zvana korupcija” [Sead Lisak: Epidemic Called Corruption Caught Us], Oslobodjenje.ba, 30 June 2015, http://www.oslobodjenje.ba/za-one-koji-znaju-citati/intervjui/sead-lisak-zahvatila-nas-je-epidemija-zvana-korupcija/141986
[98] N.A.,“Sead Lisak: Prema onome što rade sudovi, u BiH korupcija ne postoji” [Sead Lisak: According to What Courts do, There is no Corruption in BiH], 24sata.info, 27 August 2015, http://24sata.info//vijesti/bosna-i-hercegovina/238237-sead-lisak-prema-onome-sto-rade-sudovi-u-bih-korupcija-ne-postoji.html
[99] “The proposed amendments to the Law on Conflict of Interest in Governmental Institutions of the Federation of BiH are only an interim solution”, Ti-bih.org, 8 October 2015, http://ti-bih.org/predlozene-izmjene-zakona-o-sukobu-interesa-fbih-samo-prelazno-rjesenje/?lang=en
[100] “Conclusions of the Conference Conflict of Interest and Property Records – long-term solutionsfor institutional and legal framework”, Ti-bih.org, 29 October 2015, http://ti-bih.org/zakljucci-sa-konferencije-sukob-interesa-i-imovinski-kartoni-dugorocna-rjesenja-za-institucionalni-i-zakonski-okvir/?lang=en
[101] “Property Belonging to Judges and Prosecutors to Remain Confidential“, Cin.ba, 4 November 2015, https://www.cin.ba/en/imovina-sudija-i-tuzilaca-ostaje-tajna/
[102] “APIK organizirao konferenciju o zaštiti uzbunjivača: Bitan korak u prevenciji korupcije” [APIK Organized a Conference on Whistleblowers Protection: Important Step in Corruption Prevention], Apik.ba, 25 March 2015, http://www.apik.ba/aktuelnosti/saopcenja-za-javnost/default.aspx?id=349&langTag=bs-BA
[103] “APIK pozvao građane da bez straha od odmazde prijavljuju korupciju” [APIK Invited Citizens to Report Corruption Without Fear of Retribution], Apik.ba, 8 June 2015, http://www.apik.ba/aktuelnosti/saopcenja-za-javnost/default.aspx?id=409&langTag=bs-BA
[104] “Historijsko odlaganje borbe protiv korupcije” [Historical Postponement of the Fight Against Corruption], Istinomjer.ba, 30 January 2015, http://istinomjer.ba/historijsko-odlaganje-borbe-protiv-korupcije/
[105] “Poslanici zaključili da nije bilo političke korupcije” [MPs Concluded There Was No Political Corruption], Nezavisne.com/SRNA, 5 February 2015, http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Poslanici-zakljucili-da-nije-bilo-politicke-korupcije/312149
[106] “RS Special Prosecutor’s Office Confirmed that Forensic Investigation on Recording of ‘Buying’ of MPs has not been Conducted”, Ti-bih.org, 16 April 2015, http://ti-bih.org/specijalno-tuzilastvo-rs-potvrdilo-da-nije-radeno-vjestacenje-snimka-o-navodnoj-kupovini-narodnih-poslanika/?lang=en
[107] “Budimir Trial to Start in September”, Cin.ba, 3 July 2015, https://www.cin.ba/en/sudenje-budimiru-pocinje-u-septembru/
[108] “Legalizing Duplicated Breaks for the Same Crime”, Cin.ba, 30 July 2015, https://www.cin.ba/en/legalizacija-duplih-pomilovanja/
[109] “Officeholders and Legislators Collaborate With Criminals”, Cin.ba, 6 August 2015, https://www.cin.ba/en/predstavnici-izvrsne-i-sudske-vlasti-saraduju-sa-kriminalcima/
[110] “Pendeš Accused Because of Ivo Miro Jović’s Salary”, Cin.ba, 16 July 2015, https://www.cin.ba/en/pendes-optuzena-zbog-plate-ive-mire-jovica/
Nations in Transit 2016 - Albania (Periodical Report, English)