20. November 2012

 

Die folgenden Ausschnitte aus ausgewählten Quellen enthalten Informationen zu oben genannten Fragestellungen (Zugriff auf alle Quellen am 20. November 2012):

·      The Frontier Post: 3 killed, 4 injured in Swabi armed clash, 17. November 2012

„Swabi: In a fierce clash between two rival groups, three people were killed and four other injured seriously here on Monday, said the police. The incident occurred in the jurisdiction of the Kalu Khan police station and both groups have registered FIRs [First Information Report] against each other. Police sources said that a proclaimed offender, Jan Afsar was also among the injured but his fellows managed to take him to an undisclosed location and the police was unable to arrest him on the occasion. The two rival groups, Kgundy Group and Umeray Group belong to Mangai area of Swabi. It has been learnt that both the groups developed their enmity after frequently killing each other's persons as and when found.” (The Frontier Post, 17. November 2012)

·      The Express Tribune: Attacked: Bombs damage school in Swabi district, 5. November 2012

„A school in Panjpir [Swabi district] was damaged by explosions in the late hours of Saturday. Three bombs planted near the Quaid-e-Azam International Model School exploded at 10:30pm. The walls of the school were damaged. The explosions also broke glass windows in the vicinity and caused panic amongst residents, said a policemen, adding that the area was cordoned off soon after the incident. ‚During the search, two more bombs planted nearby were discovered,’ said a police official. The Bomb Disposal Unit was prompt in disabling the devices.” (The Express Tribune, 5. November 2012)

·      Dawn: Six injured as blasts rock Swabi on Hoti’s arrival, 23. Oktober 2012

„Six persons were injured as two blasts rocked Swabi when Chief Minister Ameer Haider Khan Hoti arrived in the district on an official visit on Monday. The first bomb, planted in a motorcycle near Sehsat Medical Centre on Swabi-Jahangira road, exploded as soon as the motorcade of chief minister passed through the area. The officials of bomb disposal squad said that three kilograms of explosives were used in the expulsion. No casualty was reported in the blast. The chief minister was on his way to inaugurate Swabi-Jahangira and Swabi-Topi roads. The second blast occurred in Shewa Adda that injured six persons including a traffic constable. Sources said that an explosive device was planted in a bicycle parked in Shewa Adda Chowk that went off with a big bang, injuring six persons.” (Dawn, 23. Oktober 2012)

·      HRW - Human Rights Watch: Pakistan: Protect Students, Teachers, Schools From Attack, 19. Oktober 2012 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

„Human Rights Watch has collected reports of 96 school attacks in Pakistan this year alone. Most of these attacks took place in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KP) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) bordering Afghanistan. Fourteen attacks were reported from Mohmand Agency in the tribal areas. Dozens of attacks were reported from various districts of KP. Thirteen schools were attacked in Swabi district, 12 in Charsadda district, and 11 in Mardan district.” (HRW, 19. Oktober 2012)

·      Dawn: Militant killed in Swabi encounter, 21. Mai 2012

„Swabi, May 20: A militant was killed and two others were injured in an encounter with security forces here on Sunday, police said. They said that another militant was arrested in the action. District Police Officer Abdul Rashid said that the action was initiated in Salim Khan village on a tip-off that militants were present in a seminary, Jawaherul Quran, that was run by Maulana Mujtaba. […]

Meanwhile, unidentified militants blew up a government school in the district on the night between Saturday and Sunday. Police said that the building of Kalu Dher primary school for boys in the limits of Kalu Khan police station was partially damaged when a bomb, planted in it, went off. Another bomb planted in the building was defused by the Bomb Disposal Squad.” (Dawn, 21. Mai 2012)

 

·      Dawn: Three cops injured in Swabi grenade attack, 20. April 2012

„Swabi, April 19: Three policemen received serious injuries here on Thursday when suspected persons hurled a hand grenade at them. District Police Officer Abdul Rashid told journalists that the law enforcers where attacked near the mausoleum of Karnal Sher Khan Shaheed, Nishan-i-Haider. The injured policemen were identified as Sub-inspector Murad Ali Shah and constables Nadeem Shah and Mohammad Abid. They were sent to the graveyard of Karnal Sher Khan Kallay to arrest few suspected persons, present there. However, the suspected persons hurled a hand grenade at them when they reached the graveyard. The injured policemen were taken to district headquarters hospital in Mardan.” (Dawn, 20. April 2012)

·      RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Pakistani Militants Blow Up Music Shops, 14. November 2011 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

„Unknown insurgents blew up two CD shops and a number of other shops in the Swabi district of the west Pakistan province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa early on November 11, RFE/RL's Radio Mashaal reports. Local police said militants had planted explosives in the Juma Khan market in Swabi's village of Yar Hussain overnight on November 10, seemingly part of a Taliban campaign against music in northwest Pakistan and the tribal areas. As a result of blast, two CD music shops were completely destroyed, while eight others in the market were partially damaged. No casualties were reported, as the shops were all closed and no one was present at the time of explosions.” (RFE/RL, 14. November 2011)

·      BBC News: Pakistan 'suicide bomber' kills ex-official in Swabi, 7. November 2011

„A suspected suicide bomber has killed a former government official and his guard and injured nine others in north-west Pakistan, police say. The attack took place in Swabi about 102 km (65 miles) from Peshawar. Police said Hanif Khan Jadoon, a former local official, was leaving a mosque when the bomber set off the blast. It is not clear why Mr Jadoon was targeted but police said he was a member of the secular Awami National Party, which rules the province. Members of the party have been targeted by militants in the past.” (BBC News, 7. November 2011)

·      AFP - Agence France-Presse: Suicide bomber kills 10 in NW Pakistan: police, 30. März 2011 (veröffentlicht von ReliefWeb)

„A suicide bomber on a motorbike blew himself up near a police checkpoint in Pakistan on Wednesday, killing ten people and wounding more than 20, police and hospital officials said. Police chief Abdullah Jan said the checkpoint was close to a camp set up by a religious political party for a public meeting in the northwestern town of Swabi, about 10 kilometres (60 miles) east of Peshawar. […] The meeting was planned by the hardline Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI) party led by Maulana Fazlur Rehman. The event was cancelled after the bombing.” (AFP, 30. März 2011)

·      BBC News: Pakistan bomb kills politician in Buner, 3. November 2012

„A bomb attack in the north-west Pakistani city of Buner has killed a local anti-Taliban politician and three of his guards, police sources say. Fateh Khan, an ex-leader of the secular Awami National Party, was killed as his car left a petrol station. It was not immediately clear if he was victim of a suicide attack or of a bomb placed on a motorcycle. Security forces largely freed Buner from the control of Taliban militants three years ago. District police chief Jehanzeb Khan told AFP news agency a suicide bomber had blown himself up in front of Mr Khan's vehicle, killing the politician and his guards. Up to five people were also injured in the attack, he said.” (BBC News, 3. November 2012)

·      Dawn: News in Brief: Policeman shot dead, 7. August 2012

„Buner, Aug 6: Unidentified assailants on Monday shot dead a constable at a bus stop in Khankhelo Gharay village of Buner on Monday. Officials said head constable Sher Mohammad Khan was waiting at a bus stop to go for duty after a one-day leave when the armed men targeted him. He was in-charge of Bangeray police post of Gulbandai police station.” (Dawn, 7. August 2012)

·      RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Pakistan Provincial Education Minister Injured In Ambush, 22. August 2011 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

„The education minister of Pakistan's northwestern Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province has been injured in a road accident after his car came under fire from unidentified militants, RFE/RL's Radio Mashaal reports. Police said Sardar Hussain Babak was on his way back to Peshawar from his home constituency in Buner district on the night of August 21 when an unknown group opened fire at his car near the Swabi district. His right arm was broken when his car plunged into a ditch. […] Babak's brother, Shamim Shahid, told RFE/RL many militants in the Buner district are still at large despite the army operations.” (RFE/RL, 22. August 2011)

·      CSIS - Center for Strategic and International Studies: Governance and Militancy in Pakistan’s Swat Valley , 14. Oktober 2011

„In 2009, the Swat Valley became a focal point of Pakistan’s war against militancy and terrorism. […] By April 2009, Taliban fighters had swept into neighboring Buner district and were portrayed by the international media, with some exaggeration, as being on the verge of a siege of Islamabad. The following month, Pakistan’s military forces launched a campaign to regain control of Swat. The campaign succeeded, but the fighting displaced hundreds of thousands of people from Swat into nearby areas, creating a serious humanitarian crisis in the country’s northwestern region. […] In early 2011, two years into the longest sustained military operation in Pakistan’s history, the army began a phased withdrawal from the surrounding districts of Shangla and Buner. While welcomed news, the details of the plan have not been made public, and the ability of local security forces to maintain order is untested.” (CSIS, 14. Oktober 2011, S. 1)

·      Dawn: Swabi Jirga concerned about lawlessness, 26. Oktober 2012

„A jirga in Turlandi [Swabi district] has expressed concern over the police’s failure to maintain law and order in the area and said increase in crime had terrified local residents. Former Turlandi union council nazim Afsar Ali presided over the jirga, where local elders, notables and people showed up in large numbers. Turlandi is located in the jurisdiction of Kalu Khan police station adjacent to Shewa Adda area, where a blast injured six people on Monday. The participants said many armed robberies and murders had been reported in the area over a few months creating a sense of insecurity among locals. They said the people were so terrified that they had stopped stepping out after sunset. The participants said a wanted criminal was handed over to police of late but he was freed shortly afterwards to the horror of local residents. According to them, they have decided to form a committee to meet the district police officer over the deteriorating security situation.” (Dawn, 26. Oktober 2012)

In den ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden Quellen konnten im Rahmen der zeitlich begrenzten Recherche keine weiteren Informationen zur Polizei in den Distrikten Swabi und Buner gefunden werden.

 

Die folgenden Berichte enthalten allgemeinere Informationen zur Polizei in Pakistan:

 

·      USDOS - US Department of State: Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2011 - Pakistan, 24. Mai 2012 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

„Police have primary internal security responsibilities for most of the country. By law control of local police falls under the Ministry of Interior. The Rangers are a paramilitary organization under the authority of the Ministry of Interior, with branches in Sindh and Punjab. The armed forces are responsible for external security. At times during the year they also were assigned domestic security responsibilities. […] Police effectiveness varied greatly by district, ranging from reasonably good to ineffective. Some members of the police committed human rights abuses or were responsive to political interests.

Frequent failure to punish abuses contributed to a climate of impunity. Police and prison officials frequently used the threat of abuse to extort money from prisoners and their families. The inspectors general, district police officers, district nazims (chief elected officials of local governments), provincial interior or chief ministers, federal interior minister, prime minister, or courts can order internal investigations into abuses and order administrative sanctions. Executive branch and police officials can recommend, and the courts can order, criminal prosecution. These mechanisms sometimes were used.

Police often failed to protect members of religious minorities, including Christians, Ahmadis, and Shia Muslims, from attacks. There were improvements in police professionalism during the year. As in previous years, the Punjab provincial government conducted regular training and retraining in technical skills and protection of human rights for police at all levels. […]

A First Information Report (FIR) is the legal basis for any arrest. Police ability to initiate an FIR is limited, but for certain crimes the police may initiate an FIR. Often a different party must file the FIR, depending on the type of crime, not whether there is reasonable proof of a crime. An FIR allows police to detain a suspect for 24 hours, after which a magistrate can order detention for an additional 14 days if police show that the detention is material to their investigation. In practice some authorities did not observe these limits on detention. There were reports that authorities filed FIRs without supporting evidence to harass or intimidate detainees or did not file them when adequate evidence was provided unless the complainant paid a bribe. […]

There were reports that some police detained individuals arbitrarily without charge or on false charges to extort bribes for their release. There were reports that some police also detained relatives of wanted individuals to compel suspects to surrender […].” (USDOS, 24. Mai 2012, Section 1d)

·      USIP - US Institute of Peace: Reforming Pakistan‘s Police and Law Enforcement Infrastructure - Is It Too Flawed to Fix?, Februar 2011

„The changing tactics and targets of the various terrorist groups operating in the country pose a formidable challenge to a police force with limited resources, poor training, and inadequate equipment. Pakistan’s civilian law enforcement structure has failed to develop any systematic and advanced counterterrorism strategy owing to the lack of modern investigative tools, requisite skills, and incentives. For the same reasons, it is no surprise that the rate of crimes not associated with terrorism has also jumped in recent years. Law-and-order duties and VIP protection responsibilities consume a significant chunk of police resources. The lack of forensic support further diminishes police effectiveness and capacity to deliver. Corruption, nepotism, and political manipulation are rampant; they damage police integrity, credibility, and public image. An additional impediment to criminal law enforcement is the ineptitude of Pakistan’s judicial sector.” (USIP, Februar 2011, S. 2)

„There are two sets of law enforcement organizations in Pakistan: those that operate under the federal government, and the provincial police organizations. Nineteen major organizations operate directly under the federal government dealing with a variety of law enforcement responsibilities (including intelligence gathering, border and coast surveillance, and policing) and answering to different authorities. The total strength of all law enforcement and intelligence services’ officials at the disposal of the federal government (with cross-provincial jurisdiction) is approximately 210,000. Rarely do these organizations coordinate their plans and activities or strategize together. The chain of command of the organizations varies, which further complicates coordination and collective policy planning. As a result, decisions are often poorly implemented.” (USIP, Februar 2011, S. 4)

„There is a broad consensus in Pakistan that after decades of abuse and neglect, its police force is failing to combat crime effectively, uphold the law, provide basic security to citizens, and fight growing militancy. Since its inception in 1947, despite frequent ethnic confrontations, sectarian battles, and sharp rises in criminal or insurgent activity, policymakers have never put the law enforcement and police sector at the top of their priority list for investment and reform. As a result, the overall police infrastructure is poorly organized. Many reports were commissioned to improve policing standards, but either their recommendations were too general or the governments of the day lacked the will to implement the recommended changes. Some of the major reasons relevant to police engagement in counterterrorism activities are insufficient numbers and scant resources, institutional disconnect, political challenges, corruption, and lack of modernization.” (USIP, Februar 2011, S. 6)

·      USDOS - US Department of State: Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2011 - Pakistan, 24. Mai 2012 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

„Informal justice systems lacking the legal protections of institutionalized justice systems continued, especially in rural areas, and often resulted in human rights violations. Feudal landlords and other community leaders in Sindh and Punjab, and tribal leaders in Pashtun and Baloch areas, continued to hold local council meetings (known as panchayats or jirgas), at times in defiance of the established legal system. Such councils settled feuds and imposed tribal penalties on perceived wrongdoers, including fines, imprisonment, or even the death penalty. Women often were sentenced to violent punishments or death for ‚honor’-related crimes […]. In Pashtun areas, primarily located in FATA, such councils were held under the outlines of the FCR. Assistant political agents, overseen by political agents and supported by tribal elders of their choosing, are legally responsible for justice in FATA and conduct hearings according to Islamic law and tribal custom. Under the pashtunwali code of conduct, a man, his family, and his tribe are obligated to take revenge for wrongs, real or perceived, to redeem their honor. Frequently disputes arose over women and land. They often resulted in violence.

The traditional settling of family feuds in tribal areas, particularly those involving killing, could result in giving daughters of the accused in marriage to the bereaved. Many tribal councils instituted harsh punishments, such as the death penalty, ‚honor killings,’ or watta-satta marriages (exchange of brides between clans or tribes). The Sindh Minister for Human Rights, Nadia Gabol, called for a ban on jirgas in July 2010; however, there was no progress on this matter.” (USDOS, 24. Mai 2012, Section 1e)

·      The News International: More cases of swara custom being reported from Pata, 12. September 2012

„The centuries-old customary practice of swara is still being practiced in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, particularly in the Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (Pata) where such cases are surfacing frequently. There are several inhuman customary practices in the society, which till the recent past were considered sacred. One such customary practice is swara through which feuds are settled by giving girls in marriage to the rival family. […]

Until a few years back, no provision was available in the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) to check marriages taking place under swara. In 2004, the Parliament passed the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act through which various amendments were made in the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) and the PPC under which the practice of giving girls in badal-e-sulah (as exchange of peace) was declared a penal offence. Section 310A was inserted in the PPC and this custom is now an offence punishable up to 10 years imprisonment but not less than three years imprisonment. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa governor had extended the law to Pata in 2010, making the offence non-bailable. However, the law has failed to produce the desired result despite the passage of around six years.” (The News International, 12. September 2012)

·      Dawn: News in Brief: Man killed for ‘honor’, 12. September 2012

„Buner, Sept 11: A man was killed allegedly over an honour-related incident in Totalai area on Tuesday. The police quoted father of the victim as saying four accused of the same village gunned down his son outside his house and then escaped from the scene. The motive behind the incident was stated to be an honour-related issue. The Totalai police station registered case and started investigation.

Meanwhile, a man was killed and eight others were injured when two families clashed over a dispute on the ownership of a hilltop in the Bar Gokand village. The victim was identified as Raidullah Khan, son of Dost Mohammad Khan. Police said four people from each side were injured in the clash.” (Dawn, 12. September 2012)

·      Dawn: Old feuds claim three lives in Swabi, 9. August 2012

„Swabi, Aug 8: Three persons were shot dead over feuds in two separate incidents here on Wednesday. The police said an exchange of fire between two groups erupted in the far-flung Naranji village which continued for a few hours in which two persons were killed. They were identified as Gul Nawaz and Zahir Ali. The former belonged to Gulzar group and the latter to Farhad group. […] Javid Khan, brother of deceased Gul Nawaz, registered FIR [First Information Report] in Kalu Khan police station against Gulzar Khan. He said the cause of the incident was an old enmity between them and Mr Khan group.” (Dawn, 9. August 2012)

·      Dawn: Tribals fearing for life fleeing to Islamabad, only to be killed, 9. Juli 2012

„Islamabad police are worried that murders in the city are on the rise. Sixty-six people have been murdered so far this year, 55 of them in the rural areas of the capital territory where property and family disputes lead to violent crimes. What worries the police more is a new trend – tribals involved in similar disputes running away from the northwest to Islamabad for safety and being hunted down by their enemies and killed. It is difficult to track down such killers as they return to their lawless lands after committing the crime. ‘In the tribal culture, the instinct of revenge works, not law,’ said a senior police officer. Scores are settled personally, not through police. Families want to avenge their hurt themselves. They would not even approach police, much less help in investigating a crime. That often leads to a vicious cycle of revenge killings, according to the officer. Tribal communities do hold jirgas to settle disputes and punish members found guilty of violating the tribal code and customs. One can be fined or banished from the community for minor violations. But murderers usually flee rather than face a jirga. They try to vanish in the urban populations. But the possibility of their pursuers hunting them down is never far away. In recent years, some tribal fugitives have sought to hide in Islamabad, particularly in its rural areas of Koral, Sihala and Shahzad Town in the southeast and Tarnol and Golra in the southwest.

[…] on June 20, Raza Khan, a native of Swabi, was murdered when he came to visit his in-laws in Gulshanabad in Tarnol. It turned out that the killer was the son-in-law of his elder brother who had followed him from Swabi to settle a family feud. Police knew nothing more than that the killer had escaped on a motorcycle.” (Dawn, 9. Juli 2012)

·      Dawn: Land feud claims 2 lives in Swabi, 20. Juli 2011

„Swabi, July 19: Two persons were killed and one was injured when two groups clashed over a piece of land here on Tuesday. Police said families of Sher Shah Khan and Istikhar Khan advocate of Ismalia had a dispute over a just six square feet piece of land, which was being used for throwing garbage. A local journalist told this correspondent on Tuesday, members of a jirga also tried to settle the dispute but failed.” (Dawn, 20. Juli 2011)

·      The Express Tribune: Family Feud: Four dead over land dispute, 18. Juni 2011

„At least four people died in crossfire between two groups after a dispute over two kanals in Mumta Mera in Swabi District. The deceased from the both sides were real brothers. The Yar Hussein police said a land dispute between two families in Mumta Mera area had been ongoing. On Thursday, both parties shot at each other, killing four persons identified as Sherullah Qamar, Shamsul Qamar, Malik Jehan and Said Mohammad.” (The Express Tribune, 18. Juni 2011)

·      Dawn: Family feud claims man’s life in Swabi, 16. Februar 2011

„Swabi, Feb 15: A man was killed and his brother and father were injured by their rivals over an old enmity here on Tuesday, police said. Officials of Zaida police station said two families belonging to the Mohmand Agency had an old rivalry, which the elders from both sides tried to resolve but to no avail. Said Bacha, his brother Haji Rehman and their father were shot at and injured by their rivals when they were going to attend a jirga to resolve the enmity. Later, Said Bacha died. Haji Rehman lodged a case with the Zaida police station against Khanan Khan, Imam Shah and Asraeel Shah.” (Dawn, 16. Februar 2011)