a-6710 (ACC-PAK-6710)
Nach einer Recherche in unserer Länderdokumentation und im Internet können wir Ihnen zu oben genannter Fragestellung Materialien zur Verfügung stellen, die unter anderem folgende Informationen enthalten (Zugriff auf alle Quellen am 24. April 2009):
„Die psychiatrische Versorgung in Pakistan ist dürftig und auf primärer, sekundärer und tertiärer Ebene nicht mit europäischen Standards vergleichbar. Zugang, Qualität, Quantität, Stabilität und Kosten der medizinischen Versorgung variieren in Pakistan innerhalb von Städten, zwischen Stadt und Land sowie zwischen privatem und öffentlichem Sektor.“ (SFH, 5. November 2008, S. 2)
“Tertiary care facilities: There are 30 teaching hospitals in Pakistan. […] The specialized ambulatory care are provided in these tertiary care hospitals, in addition specialized hospitals are also present both in public and private sectors such as for cancer treatment and therapy, mental illnesses, handicapped children, orthopedics surgery, burn units, maternity homes etc.” (WHO, 2007, S. 93-94)
“According to Lahore’s University of Health Sciences Vice-Chancellor Malik Hussain Mubashir, there is only one psychiatrist for every 10,000 people in Pakistan, one child psychiatrist for four million children estimated to be suffering mental-health issues and only four major psychiatric hospitals and 20 such units attached to teaching hospitals. […] In addition, the Mental Health Ordinance, introduced in 2001 to replace the Lunacy Act of 1912, remains poorly implemented, say specialists. The ordinance attempted to introduce more enlightened psychiatric care, particularly in state-run institutions, and laid down rules to prevent the mistreatment of patients. But little has come of it. Even at leading institutes for mental health, there are continued reports of patient mistreatment or a failure to provide adequate care.” (IRIN, 8. November 2007)
“Despite tall claims by some local authorities, Pakistan has not been able to prioritise mental health in its true sense. As far as morbidity is concerned, estimates for a debilitating illness like depression, which carries a very high suicide risk, range from ten to 44 per cent. […] The manpower resources available are grossly inadequate for such a large population and, what’s more, concentrated mostly in urban areas while rural areas remain seriously deprived. There is also an acute shortage of allied mental health professionals. In view of poverty, a small health budget and the high cost of medicines, there is a huge economic burden on patients. Although Pakistan has progressed somewhat with the setting up of psychiatric units in major hospitals, the dream of replicating the same in district hospitals has not been realised.” (Dawn, 10. Oktober 2008)
“There are 125 psychiatric nurses, 480 psychologists, 600 social workers and the number of alternate practitioners is about 12,000. The magnitude of mental illness is: 6% depression, 1.5% schizophrenia, 1% Alzheimer’s disease, 1-2% epilepsy and the other disorders (Gadit & Khalid, 2002). There are government run psychiatric facilities in general hospitals which cater for a very nominal fee ($ 0.50), the private sector which charges $ 10-20 and other non-governmental charitable services which in most of the cases would cater for free. The related health expenditures are based on out-of-pocket expenses. […] Karachi is the largest city of Pakistan and a former capital. It is now the capital of the province of Sindh. It is a cosmopolitan city, with a population of about 14 million. The number of psychiatrists practicing in Karachi is around 44. Magnitude of mental illness in Sindh is: depression: urban/rural 16%/12%, schizophrenia: urban/rural 2%/1.5%, psychosomatic disorders: urban/rural 5%/7%, seizure disorder: urban/rural 1%/2%, substance use disorder: urban/rural 7%/6.5%, obsessive-compulsive disorder: urban/rural 2%/1%. The total number of psychiatric beds in government/private sectors is 184 (Gadit & Khalid, 2002).” (Gadit, 2007)
„Mental Health Financing There are budget allocations for mental health. The country spends 0.4% of the total health budget on mental health. The primary sources of mental health financing in descending order are out of pocket expenditure by the patient or family, tax based, social insurance and private insurances. […]
Mental Health Facilities Mental health is a part of primary health care system. Actual treatment of severe mental disorders is available at the primary level. The programme has initially started in Punjab, the largest province, in 1985 and is being extended to others over the years. There are many residential and day-care facilities, especially for people with learning disabilities providing social, vocational and educational activities. […] There are community care facilities for patients with mental disorders. […]
Psychiatric Beds and Professionals
Total psychiatric beds per 10 000 population 0.24
Psychiatric beds in mental hospitals per 10 000 population 0.06
Psychiatric beds in general hospitals per 10 000 population 0.148
Psychiatric beds in other settings per 10 000 population 0.02
Number of psychiatrists per 100 000 population 0.2
Number of neurosurgeons per 100 000 population 0.2
Number of psychiatric nurses per 100 000 population 0.08
Number of neurologists per 100 000 population 0.14
Number of psychologists per 100 000 population 0.2
Number of social workers per 100 000 population 0.4
There are about 2000 other mental health personnel. There are four mental health hospitals in the country. All medical colleges have psychiatric units. Psychiatric units are also present in allied hospitals in both public and private sector. Some psychiatric care facilities are available at the tehsil level. Beds for the treatment of drug abusers are available at most hospital facilities (232 centres). Forensic beds are available at a few centres. There are two child psychiatrists in the country. Mental health professionals are concentrated in big urban centres. Most psychiatrists have private clinics.
Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs are involved with mental health in the country. They are mainly involved in advocacy, promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Some of the NGOs like the Fountain House have done exemplary work in order to build the foundation of rehabilitation psychiatry in Pakistan. A concept of agrotherapy for the rural population has evolved. Recently, the organization the ‘National Rural Support Programme’ decided to include mental health among their activities.” (WHO, 30. November 2004, S. 358-359)
Diese Informationen beruhen auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Recherche in öffentlich zugänglichen Dokumenten, die ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehen. Diese Antwort stellt keine Meinung zum Inhalt eines bestimmten Ansuchens um Asyl oder anderen internationalen Schutz dar. Wir empfehlen, die verwendeten Materialien zur Gänze durchzusehen.
