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Document #1139605
ACCORD – Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (Author)
Nach einer Recherche in unserer Länderdokumentation und im Internet können wir Ihnen zu oben genannter Fragestellung Materialien zur Verfügung stellen, die unter anderem folgende Informationen enthalten:
Das US State Department (USDOS) berichtet in seinem Iran Country Report on Human Rights Practices vom Februar 2004, dass die Regierung die Arbeit lokaler MR-Gruppen weiterhin einschränke, der Bericht erwähnt einige Tausend aktiver NGOs, daunter auch MR-Gruppen:
“The Government continued to restrict the work of local human rights groups. The Government denies the universality of human rights and has stated that human rights issues should be viewed in the context of a country’s "culture and beliefs." Various professional groups representing writers, journalists, photographers, and others attempted to monitor government restrictions in their fields, as well as harassment and intimidation against individual members of their professions. However, their ability to meet, organize, and effect change was curtailed severely by the Government. There were domestic NGOs working in areas such as health and population, women and development, youth, environmental protection, human rights, and sustainable development. Some reports estimate a few thousand local NGOs currently in operation.” (USDOS, 25.02.2004, Sec. 4)
Internationalen MR-Organisationen wie Human Rights Watch (HRW) und Amnesty International (AI) sei es nicht erlaubt, Büros im Iran zu unterhalten oder regelmäßige Erkundungsbesuche durchzuführen, so der Bericht von USDOS weiter. (vgl. dazu auch Amnesty International, 2003) Die Regierung habe aber Menschenrechtsdialoge mit der EU, Australien und der Schweiz eröffnet. Sowohl das Internationale Komitee des Roten Kreuzes (ICRC) als auch der UN-Hochkommissar für Flüchtlinge (UNHCR) würden im Iran arbeiten:
“International human rights NGOs such as HRW and AI were not permitted to establish offices in or conduct regular investigative visits to the country. Authorities barred HRW and AI representatives from attending the European Union’s late 2002 human rights talks in Tehran, despite the EU’s invitation. An October EU-Iran human rights dialogue was held in Brussels to facilitate the participation of NGO representatives. The Government also opened a human rights dialogue with Australia in 2002 and with Switzerland in October. The ICRC and the UNHCR both operated in the country. However, the Government did not allow the UNSR to visit the country from 1997 to 2001, the last year his mandate to monitor human rights in the country was in effect. The Government allowed two visits by U.N. human rights representatives during the year, one by the UNSR for the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression and one by a U.N. Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.” (USDOS, 25.02.2004, Sec. 4)
Das UK Home Office berichtet in seinem jüngsten Country Report zum Iran vom Oktober 2003, dass die Regierung 1996 einen Menschenrechtsausschuss im Parlament und eine MR-Kommission im Justizwesen eingerichtet habe. Über deren Unabhängigkteit bestünden jedoch Zweifel. Zum ersten Mal seit fünf Jahren hätten 1996 mehrere UN-Sonderberichterstatter Zutritt zum Iran erhalten.
„In 1996 the Government established a human rights committee in the Majlis and a human rights commission in the judiciary, but observers believe that they lack independence. Also in 1996 the government allowed the first visit in 5 years of the UN Human Rights Commission Special Rapporteur. The UN Special Rapporteur and Human Rights Watch reported that the government was generally co-operative during their visits. However, the government continues to deny the universality of human rights and attempts to discredit critics. The UN Special Rapporteur for Religious Freedom and the UN Special Rapporteur for the Freedom of Expression also travelled to Iran in 1996. [4a][4b] While the UN Special Representative on Iran has not visited Iran since 1996, an invitation to visit the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances has been issued by the Government of Iran. [10b] In July 2002 Iran’s permanent representative to the United Nations in Geneva issued an open invitation to the representatives of the UN human rights commission to visit Iran [5az] and the UN Working Group on Arbtrary Detention visited between 15 to 27 February 2003. [10t] The UNSR’s mandate ended during April 2002 with the defeat of the resolution at the Commission on Human Rights CHR. [4m] His mandate had allowed him to report on the human rights situation there, in support of those striving for progress in human rights. However, the Iranian authorities had prevented him from visiting since 1996. [26h] Although this time the resolution narrowly failed, it led to the Iranians making a number of positive gestures. One of these was inviting the EU to engage in a dialogue on human rights. The first round of dialogue took place in mid-December 2002, followed by a second in mid-March 2003. [26i] In July 2003 the first-ever visit to Iran by the UN special rapporteur on freedom of expression and opinion was postponed at the Iranian Government’s request. The reason given by officials was that there were difficulties in arranging the representatives schedule. The visit would have come at a moment when human rights were under strong pressure in Iran, with numerous recent arrests of liberal journalists and student leaders. [21aas]” (UK Home Office, Oktober 2003, par. 6.3.)
Der Bericht des UK Home Office erwähnt auch die staatliche Islamic Human Rights Commission IHRC, die für die Entwicklung und den Schutz der Menschenrechte im Iran zuständig sei (UK Home Office, Oktober 2003, par. 6.9.) Dazu finden sich im USDOS-Bericht nähere Details:
“The Islamic Human Rights Commission (IHRC) was established in 1995 under the authority of the head of the judiciary, who sits on its board as an observer. In 1996 the Government established a human rights committee in the Majlis, the Article 90 Commission, which receives and considers complaints regarding violations of constitutional rights. However, many observers believed that these committees lacked independence. In October, the Article 90 Commission issued a report on the death in custody of Iranian-Canadian photojournalist Zahra Kazemi. The report identified Tehran’s Chief Prosecutor and other members of the judiciary as being directly involved in subjecting Kazemi to violent interrogations in Evin Prison, and later attempting to cover up the cause of her death. The report noted that Kazemi had applied for and received official government permission to act as a journalist and photographer while in the country. The Article 90 Commission findings reportedly dismissed allegations of MOIS involvement in Kazemi’s death, though an MOIS officer was charged with her murder.” (USDOS, 25.02.2004, Sec. 4)
Der Bericht des US-State Department erwähnt auch Nobelpreisträgerin Shirin Ebadi, die ein Zentrum für die Verteidigung der Menschenrechte gegründet habe:
“In October, lawyer and human rights activist Shirin Ebadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her work in advancing human rights both in the country and internationally. Ms. Ebadi, who served as one of the first female judges in the country before being forced to resign after the revolution, has campaigned on behalf of women, children, and victims of government repression. She represented the family of Darius and Parvaneh Forouhar, killed in 1998, and of a student killed during the 1999 student protests, which exposed links between vigilante groups and government officials and led to her arrest in 2000. Ms. Ebadi is a founder of the Center for the Defense of Human Rights, which represents defendants in political cases. She has also agreed to represent the family of Ms. Kazemi.” (USDOS, 25.02.2004, Sec. 4)
Diese Informationen beruhen auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Recherche in öffentlich zugänglichen Dokumenten, die ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehen. Die Antwort stellt keine abschließende Meinung zur Glaubwürdigkeit eines bestimmten Asylansuchens dar.
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