8. Mai 2012

Die Nachrichtenagentur Kabulpress.org zitiert im April 2012 ein Dokument des US-Verteidigungsministeriums. Afghanistan sei ein muslimisches Land und der Import, der Verkauf und der Konsum von Alkohol seien verboten. Die US-Botschaft in Kabul sei von diesem Verbot ausgenommen:

„On March 31, 2010 the U.S. Department of Defense issued a document entitled. ‘SOP for Customs Clearance Requirement Operations - U.S. Embassy, Kabul, Afghanistan.’ Under the section ‘Importation of Alcohol,’ it reads as follows: ‘Afghanistan is a Muslim country and the import, sale and consumption of alcohol is forbidden. The U.S. Embassy is exempted from this ban.’” (Kabulpress.org, 11. April 2012)

Das Congressional Research Service (CRS) berichtet im Dezember 2011, dass Alkohol in afghanischen Restaurants und Geschäften sehr schwer zu bekommen sei, obwohl der Verkauf an Nicht-Muslime nicht verboten sei. Laut Berichten vom April 2010 habe die afghanische Polizei in einigen Restaurants Razzien durchgeführt und den Verkauf von alkoholischen Getränken unterbunden:

„Traditional attitudes also continue to tolerate child marriages, imprisonment of women who flee domestic violence, court judgments against converts from Islam to Christianity, and curbs on the sale of alcohol and Western-oriented programming in the Afghan media.” (CRS, 12. Dezember 2011, S. 2)

„Regarding broader social freedoms, as another example of the growing power of the Islamist conservatives, alcohol is increasingly difficult to obtain in restaurants and stores, although it is not banned for sale to non-Muslims. There were reports in April 2010 that Afghan police had raided some restaurants and prevented them from selling alcoholic beverages at all. On the other hand, some point to the fact that rock bands have appeared publicly in high profile shows in 2011 as evidence of increasing modernity.” (CRS, 12. Dezember 2011, S. 53)

Laut einem Artikel von Global Post vom Mai 2010 habe das afghanische Parlament ein neues Gesetz verabschiedet, das harte Strafen vorsehe was Alkohol anlange. Personen, die Alkohol kaufen, verkaufen oder konsumieren könnten nach dem Schariarecht zu Geldstrafen oder 60 Peitschenhieben verurteilt oder inhaftiert werden:

“„Afghanistan’s parliament has passed a tough new bill mandating harsh punishments for alcohol. Those who buy, sell, or consume the evil brew can be fined, imprisoned, or given 60 lashes with a whip, all in accordance with Sharia law.” (Global Post, 30. Mai 2010)

Laut einem Artikel von Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) vom April 2012 sei ein 20-jähriger Mann in der Provinz Baghan zu 80 Peitschenhieben verurteilt worden, nachdem er gestanden habe, Alkohol zu trinken. Radio Free Afghanistan verfüge über ein Video, dass die Vollstreckung derartiger Urteile beweise:

„One unidentified 20-year-old man has felt the full force of the Islamic legal code in the northern Afghan province of Baghan. After confessing to drinking alcohol, which is forbidden under Shari'a law, he received 80 lashes at the hands of a local judge. Proof that such punishments are still being carried out is contained in a video obtained this week by Radio Free Afghanistan.“ (RFE/RL, 12. April 2012)

Das Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) schreibt in einem Artikel vom Oktober 2011, dass Richter in der Provinz Nangarhar damit begonnen hätten, jeden, der dabei ertappt würde, Alkohol zu trinken, zu 80 Peitschenhieben zu verurteilen:

„Judges in Afghanistan’s southeast Nangarhar province have started sentencing anyone caught drinking alcohol to 80 lashes.” (IWPR, 25. Oktober 2011)

Das UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) berichtet im September 2011, dass Alkoholkonsum ein Hadd-Verbrechen (Hodood crime) sei. Die Bestrafung dieser Verbrechen sei im Schariarecht festgelegt:

„There are two types of crime and punishment in Islamic Sharia: Hodood crimes and Tazeer (discretionary punishment). Hodood crimes refer to those crimes defined by the Islamic Sharia with fixed punishments and include adultery, drinking alcohol, brigandage, theft and qazf (to wrongfully accuse a chaste Muslim man or chaste Muslim woman of adultery or homosexuality). If a Hodood crime is proved, the judge shall punish the offender based upon the Shari'a law. When the Hodood crimes are not proved, then the crime would be considered as Tazeer and shall be punished as defined by the country's respective law. Hodood and Tazeer shall be enforced equally for men and women, but with lenient punishments for women.” (CEDAW, 23. September 2011, S. 25)

Quellen: (Zugriff auf alle Quellen am 8. Mai 2012)

·      CEDAW - UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women: Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women; Afghanistan; Combined initial and second periodic report [CEDAW/C/AFG/1-2], 23. September 2011 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1335428031_cedaw-c-afg-1-2.pdf

·      CRS – Congressional Research Service: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance, 12. Dezember 2011

http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/179585.pdf

·      Global Post: Last call in Kabul, 30. Mai 2010

http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/afghanistan/090603/the-party%E2%80%99s-over

·      IWPR - Institute for War and Peace Reporting: Alcohol Users Face Lash in Afghan Province, 25. Oktober 2011 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/204545/324152_de.html

·      Kabulpress.org: Stunning Alcohol Abuse Revealed at U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan, 11. April 2012

http://kabulpress.org/my/spip.php?article104809

·      RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Afghan Lashing Highlights Use Of Shari'a Law, 12. April 2012 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/213973/334473_de.html