The attached Amnesty International report provides detailed information on the KHAD and its departments. Although it refers to the KHAD in the early 1980s, the attached section of Afghanistan: A Country Study might be useful. The attached Associated Press, Chicago Tribune and Washington Post articles provide information on the activities of the KHAD in the period January 1990 to April 1992.

According to Reuters, the new government of Afghanistan, which came to power following the collapse of the Afghan Communist regime in April 1992, abolished the KHAD soon afterward (13 May 1993). However, a June 1992 Reuters report and two November 1992 BBC reports state that the new Afghan government re-employed most of the KHAD agents.

This response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the DIRB within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum.

BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. 17 November 1992. "Hekmatyar's Radio Says 'Criminal Khadists' Stepping Up Activity." (NEXIS)

_____. 7 November 1992. "Deputy Head of Security in Kabul Killed by Car Bomb." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 15 June 1992. BC Cycle. Andrew Roche. "Victorious Mujahideen Set New Fashions in Kabul." (NEXIS)

_____. 13 May 1992. BC Cycle. Malcolm Davidson. "Feared Afghan Security Police HQ Reveals Secrets." (NEXIS)

Afghanistan: A Country Study. 1986. Edited by Richard F. Nyrop and Donald M. Seekins. Washington, DC: Department of the Army.

Amnesty International. March 1991. Afghanistan: Reports of Torture and Long-term Detention Without Trial. (AI Index: ASA 11/01/91). London: Amnesty International Publications.

The Associated Press (AP). 28 December 1991. AM Cycle. Sharon Herbaugh. "Once-Feared Secret Police Burn Records of Their Brutal Past." (NEXIS)

BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. 17 November 1992. "Hekmatyar's Radio Says 'Criminal Khadists' Stepping Up Activity." (NEXIS)

_____. 7 November 1992. "Deputy Head of Security in Kabul Killed by Car Bomb." (NEXIS)

Chicago Tribune. 25 January 1990. North Sports Final Edition. Steve Le Vine. "Fear, Secret Police Keep Afghans in Line." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 15 June 1992. BC Cycle. Andrew Roche. "Victorious Mujahideen Set New Fashions in Kabul." (NEXIS)

_____. 13 May 1992. BC Cycle. Malcolm Davidson. "Feared Afghan Security Police HQ Reveals Secrets." (NEXIS)

The Washington Times. 20 April 1992. Final Edition. "The Endgame in Afghanistan." (NEXIS)