The attached five articles covering the period 1992 to 1994 indicate that Mosul was under the control of the Iraqi government during that period. The two Times articles refer to Mosul as "a city under Iraqi control" (3 Aug. 1992) and "a city under government control" (19 Aug. 1992). The AFP report identifies Mosul as a city "under Iraqi control" (30 May 1993). The Nation identifies Mosul and Kirkuk as "towns under government control" (21 June 1993). The Reuters report refers to Mosul as being "Baghdad-administered" (27 Mar. 1994).

Information on who controled Mosul in 1990 and 1991, and on the recruitment of male Kurds by the Iraqi military in Mosul could not be found among the sources consuletd by the DIRB.

This response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the DIRB within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Please find attached the list of sources consulted in researching this information request.

References

Agence France Presse (AFP). 30 May 1993. "Iraqi Army Shells Wheat Fields Ahead of Harvest: Kurds." (NEXIS)

The Nation [New York]. 21 June 1993. "For Kurds - Hope and Hard Times; In the Shadow of Saddam; Saddam Hussein." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 27 March 1994. BC Cycle. "Gunmen Ambush, Wound U.N. Guards in North Iraq." (NEXIS)

The Times [London]. 19 August 1992. Andrew Finkel. "Embargo and Poor Harvest Threaten Safe Haven." (NEXIS)

_____. 3 August 1992. Andrew Finkel. "Kurdish Split Halts Saddam's Illicit Border Oil Trade." (NEXIS)

Attachments

Agence France Presse (AFP). 30 May 1993. "Iraqi Army Shells Wheat Fields Ahead of Harvest: Kurds." (NEXIS)

The Nation [New York]. 21 June 1993. "For Kurds - Hope and Hard Times; In the Shadow of Saddam; Saddam Hussein." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 27 March 1994. BC Cycle. "Gunmen Ambush, Wound U.N. Guards in North Iraq." (NEXIS)

The Times [London]. 19 August 1992. Andrew Finkel. "Embargo and Poor Harvest Threaten Safe Haven." (NEXIS)

_____. 3 August 1992. Andrew Finkel. "Kurdish Split Halts Saddam's Illicit Border Oil Trade." (NEXIS)

Sources Consulted

Amnesty International country file (Iraq).

Amnesty International Report 1992. 1992.

Amnesty International Report 1991. 1991.

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1991. 1992.

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1990. 1991.

DIRB country file (Iraq).

The Europa World Year Book 1992. 1992.

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. 1990-91.

News From Human Rights Watch.

On-line search of articles.

Oral sources.