20. Juni 2012

 

Das US-Außenministerium (US Department of State, USDOS) berichtet in seinem Länderbericht zur Menschenrechtslage vom Mai 2012, dass die Staatsbürgerschaft von der Geburt innerhalb des Landes oder von den Eltern abgeleitet werde. Die Regierung registriere jedoch nicht sofort alle Geburten. MenschenrechtsaktivistInnen hätten berichtet, dass viele Kinder in der Stadt und auf dem Land nicht registriert würden. Nach einer Studie aus dem Jahr 2009 würden bis zu 30 Prozent der Kinder unter fünf Jahren keine Dokumente besitzen. Nicht registrierte Kinder hätten keinen Zugang zum Bildungssystem. Die Gebühren für Geburtsurkunden und Personalausweise seien für verarmte Familien weiterhin unerschwinglich. Obwohl die offizielle Registrierungs-Kampagne im Jahr 2004 beendet worden sei, habe die Regierung weiterhin mit dem Kinderhilfswerk der Vereinten Nationen (UNICEF) zusammengearbeitet, um nicht registrierte Kinder zu identifizieren und diesen zu helfen. Die Regierung habe zudem in beschränktem Maße Fördermittel zur Deckung der Gebühren für Familien mit erwiesenem finanziellen Notstand zur Verfügung gestellt. Im Jahr 2011 habe die Regierung einen Plan umgesetzt, Geburtsurkunden in Kliniken und Entbindungsstationen zur Verfügung zu stellen:

„Citizenship is derived by birth within the country’s territory or from one’s parents. However, the government does not register all births immediately, and activists reported that many urban and rural children remained undocumented. As many as 30 percent of children under age five were undocumented, according to a 2009 study. The government did not permit undocumented children access to the educational system, and fees for birth certificates and identification cards remained prohibitive for impoverished families. Although the official registration drive ended in 2004, the government continued to partner with UNICEF to identify and assist undocumented children and provided limited subsidies to cover fees for families with proven financial need. The government implemented a previous plan to provide birth certificates in health clinics and maternity wards during the year.“ (USDOS, 24. Mai 2012, Section 6)

Der UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) erwähnt in einem Bericht vom Jänner 2012, dass das angolanische Recht StaatsbürgerInnen keine Doppelstaatsbürgerschaft erlaube:

„It should be noted in this regard that Angolan law does not permit citizens to hold dual nationality.“ (UNHCR, 15. Jänner 2012, S. 3)

Das UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) schreibt im August 2011 Folgendes über das angolanische Staatsbürgerschaftsrecht:

“Law on Citizenship

53. A foreign man who marries an Angolan women, or a foreign woman who marries an Angolan man, may become Angolan citizens after five years have passed, provided that a request to do so is made and subject to examination of the spouse. Marriage to a foreigner does not affect the citizenship of the Angolan spouse. Therefore, no Angolan loses his or her citizenship as a result of marrying a foreigner.

54. The only Angolans who lose their citizenship are those who voluntarily become citizens of another country and renounce Angolan citizenship; those who exercise, without authorization from the National Assembly, functions of sovereignty in favor of a foreign country; minor children born abroad of Angolan parents, who become citizens of that country and upon reaching adulthood renounce Angolan citizenship; children adopted by foreigners who, upon reaching adulthood, renounce Angolan citizenship.

55. The Law on Citizenship now in effect also provides the right to citizenship to a child of a father or mother who is an Angolan citizen and is born in Angola, or a child of a father or mother who is an Angolan citizen and is born abroad; thus, the law is very broad. It guarantees that any female child born to an Angolan woman, regardless of the father’s nationality, is an Angolan citizen, whether that child is born abroad or in Angola.” (CEDAW, 11. August 2011, S. 16)

Das UN Human Rights Committee (UNHRC) bietet in einem Bericht vom März 2011 ebenfalls Informationen zur angolanischen Staatsbürgerschaft:

„Pursuant to Law No. 1 of 1 July 2005, in harmony with article 9 of the CRA, Angolan nationality may be achieved at birth or acquired. One is a national by birth if one is born in Angolan territory or through kinship, that is, one is the child of an Angolan father or mother. No one who is an Angolan national by birth can be deprived of that original nationality. Acquired nationality or citizenship is achieved, when the applicant, as of the date citizenship is requested, satisfies the following requirements: (a) Be of legal age pursuant to Angolan law (18 years old) and the law of the person’s country of origin; (b) Residence in Angola for at least 10 years; (c) Offer moral and civil assurances of the ability to integrate into society; (d) Possess maturity to guide oneself and ensure one’s survival; (e) Child of stateless parents and they request it.“ (UNHRC, 3. März 2011, S. 20)

 

Quellen: (Zugriff auf alle Quellen am 20. Juni 2012)

·      CEDAW - UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women: Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women; Sixth periodic report of States parties; Angola [CEDAW/C/AGO/6], 11. August 2011 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

·      UNHCR - UN High Commissioner for Refugees: Implementation of the Comprehensive Strategy for the Angolan Refugee Situation, including UNHCR’s recommendations on the applicability of the “ceased circumstances” cessation clauses, 15. Jänner 2012 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

·      UNHRC - UN Human Rights Committee: Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant First periodic report; Angola [CCPR/C/AGO/1], 3. März 2011 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)

·      USDOS - US Department of State: Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2011 - Angola, 24. Mai 2012 (verfügbar auf ecoi.net)