In einem Bericht von Newsweek vom September 2007 wird der Fall der 20-jährigen Heshw Mohammad geschildert, die sich selbst verbrennen wollte, nachdem ihr Vater ihren Freund getötet hatte. Die meisten Verbrennungsfälle in Kurdistan hätten mit Beziehungen und Liebe zu tun, so der Bericht weiter. Der Fall von Heshw Mohammad sei typisch: Sie habe sich mit 18 Jahren in einen Jungen aus dem Ort verliebt. Die beiden hätten einander getroffen, was in der traditionellen kurdischen Gesellschaft missbilligt werde. Ihr Vater habe jedoch seine Tochter bereits einem seiner Freunde versprochen. Als Heshws Freund ihren Vater gefragt habe, ob er sie heiraten dürfe, habe der Vater den jungen Mann erschossen:

“One 20-year-old woman, Heshw Mohammad, who briefly considered burning herself after her father killed her boyfriend two years ago, told me that self-immolation has become a sort of fashion among teenage Kurdish women. "They imitate each other," she says. [...] Most of the burn cases in Kurdistan—whether suicides or honor killings—revolve around love and dating. Heshw Mohammad's case is typical. When she was 18 she fell in love with a local boy, and the two started seeing each other, which is generally frowned on in Kurdistan's traditional society. They communicated secretly by text message on their mobile phones to arrange meetings. But her father had other ideas about his daughter's future; he had already promised her to one of his friends. When Heshw's boyfriend asked her father to let the girl marry him, her father gunned the boy down with an AK-47, she says.” (Newsweek, 18. September 2007)

In seinem Blog berichtet Paul Myhill, der Direktor von World Orphans, einer christlich- missionarischen Organisation zur Unterstützung von Waisenkindern, von einem Besuch im Nordirak im Februar 2008. Bei diesem Besuch habe er „in einer wichtigen irakischen Stadt in der Nähe, wo Du’aa öffentlich ermordet wurde“[1] eine geheime Unterkunft besucht, in der junge Frauen Schutz vor ihren Familien erhalten. Myhill berichtet von einer der Bewohnerinnen, der von ihren Verwandten die Nase abgeschnitten worden sei, weil diese sie verdächtigt hätten, eine Verabredung mit einem jungen Mann gehabt zu haben. Auch der Mann sei verschleppt worden, ihm sei von den Verwandten des Mädchens ein Ohr abgetrennt worden:

“In an important Iraqi city near where Du'aa was publically murdered, and where we received such a warm reception by the provincial Governor and his close aides, twelve teen-aged women are hiding in a secret shelter.

One of the residents, just 16 years old, was forced by her family to marry a much older man. While she was shopping one day, she bumped into a boy she used to have a crush on. Relatives who saw them conversing jumped to the conclusion that the couple had intentionally arranged a rendezvous at the market. The family members immediately abducted the two and drove them to a desolate area. The girl’s nose was viciously cut off and one of the boy’s ears was severed. Fearing that more was to come, the young woman went into hiding.” (Myhill, 10. Februar 2008)

Ein anderes Mädchen sei von ihrem Vater gezwungen worden, einen älteren Arbeitskollegen zu heiraten. Sie habe sich geweigert, weil sie in einen gleichaltrigen Jungen verliebt gewesen sei. Der Vater habe sie darauf zur Großmutter verbannt, danach habe das Mädchen erfahren, dass ihr Vater und ihr Bruder ihren Freund ermordet hätten. Sie habe erfahren, dass sie ebenfalls getötet werden sollte und halte sich seither versteckt:

“Another girl at the shelter had been ordered by her father to marry one of his older business colleagues. She flatly refused, as she had recently fallen in love with a boy her own age. Her father, humiliated and infuriated by her opposition, sent her away to live with her grandmother. The young girl would soon learn that her father and brother then murdered her boyfriend. Upon hearing that they were planning to kill her next, she, too, secreted away to an underground life, imprisoned by the ‘honor’ required of families in Northern Iraq.” (Myhill, 10. Februar 2008)

In den ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden Quellen konnten im Rahmen der zeitlich begrenzten Recherche keine weiteren Informationen zu gewalttätigen Übergriffen auf Männer wegen des Verdachts unerlaubter Beziehungen durch die Familie der Frau/des Mädchens gefunden werden. Die folgenden Berichte beziehen sich nicht direkt auf die oben genannte Fragestellung, enthalten jedoch Informationen zu Tötungen von Männern im Zusammenhang mit Ehrenmorden:

 

Das Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN) berichtet im Februar 2006, dass Ehrenmorde auch an homosexuellen Männern vorkommen würden, um den Ruf der Familie zu schützen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird Artikel 111 des Strafgesetzbuches erwähnt, der Männer von Strafverfolgung ausnimmt, die andere Männer oder weibliche Verwandte töten würden, um die Familienehre zu verteidigen:

“So-called “honour killing,” the murder of a family member by a relative to protect the family's reputation, often occurs in Iraq when a man is believed to be gay, according to the Human Rights Ministry. Article 111 of the Iraqi Penal Code exempts from prosecution and punishment men who kill other men or female relatives in defence of their family's honour. "He who discovers his wife, one of his female relatives committing adultery or a male relative engaged in sodomy and kills, wounds or injures one of them, is exempted from any penalty,” the law states. Fifteen cases of honour killings have been reported in the past two years for crimes against homosexuals in the capital alone, according to a Baghdad-based lawyers’ association. Abu Qussay said he killed his son after discovering he was gay. He said he was now considered a hero by his friends. "I hanged him in my house in front of his brother to give an example to all of them and prevent them from doing the same," Qussay said proudly. After the father of two was arrested for the murder, he was charged with the killing and then released a month later when his lawyer explained why his client had committed the crime. "Killing for honour has been a common practice for years, and a short prison sentence for the killer is common," said Ibraheem Daud, a lawyer specialised in family crimes based in the capital. Since 1994, Daud has been involved with nearly 65 cases of honour killings involving gay men.” (IRIN, 5. Februar 2006)

Die UN Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) erwähnt in einem Bericht vom August 2006, dass Rechtsanwälte Berichten zufolge zögern würden, an Fällen zu Familienangelegenheiten zu arbeiten (darunter auch Ehrenverbrechen), da sie fürchteten, selbst Ziel von intoleranten und extremistischen Elementen in der Gesellschaft zu werden. Ein Rechtsanwalt, der an einem solchen Fall gearbeitet habe, sei im Juli 2006 in seinem Büro erschossen worden. Laut seiner Familie sei neben seiner Leiche eine Notiz gefunden worden, wonach sein Tod der Preis dafür sei, „nicht den islamischen Gesetzen gefolgt“ zu sein und verteidigt zu haben, was „furchtbar und schmutzig“ sei:

“27. Lawyers are reportedly reluctant to carry on their work freely or to be involved in cases which may affect their safety. Lawyers appear reluctant to work on cases involving family matters (“honour crimes;” inheritance; children’s custody cases following divorce) for fear of being targeted by intolerant and extremist elements in society. As a result, women are reported to be particularly affected. On 29 July, Salah Abdel-Kader, a lawyer in Baghdad known for working with cases of “honor crimes” and children’s custody, was shot dead in his office. It was reported that according to his family a note was found near his body saying: "This is the price to pay for those who do not follow Islamic laws and defend what is dreadful and dirty.”” (UNAMI, August 2006, S. 7) 

Diese Informationen beruhen auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Recherche in öffentlich zugänglichen Dokumenten, die ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehen. Diese Antwort stellt keine Meinung zum Inhalt eines bestimmten Ansuchens um Asyl oder anderen internationalen Schutz dar. Wir empfehlen, die verwendeten Materialien zur Gänze durchzusehen.

·      AI – Amnesty International: Iraq: 'Honour Killing' of teenage girl condemned as abhorrent,      2. Mai 2007

·      IRIN – Integrated Regional Information Network: Male homosexuality still a taboo, 5. Februar 2006

·      KRG – Kurdistan Regional Government: Statement: KRG condemns murder of Dua Khalil Aswad, 1. Mai 2007

·      Leeza - Liga für emanzipatorische Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (vormals WADI Österreich): Kurdisches Mädchen im Irak zu Tode gesteinigt, 27. April 2007

·      Myhill, Paul: Du'aa (part four), 10. Februar 2008

·      Newsweek: Kurdistan’s Fatal Flames, 18. September 2007

·      UNAMI – UN Assistance Mission in Iraq: Human Rights Report 1 July–31 August 2006, August 2006