a-6024 (ACC-LBN-6024)

Nach einer Recherche in unserer Länderdokumentation und im Internet können wir Ihnen zu oben genannter Fragestellung Materialien zur Verfügung stellen, die unter anderem folgende Informationen enthalten:
 
Das US Department of State (USDOS) berichtet in seinem Menschenrechtsbericht vom März 2008, dass im Zuge des Konflikts um das Lager Nahr al-Barid geschätzte 35.000 Palästinenser vertrieben worden seien. Die Mehrzahl habe Zuflucht bei Gastfamilien im benachbarten Flüchtlingslager Beddawi gesucht, mehrere hundert Familien hätten in den von der UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) und von der Regierung betriebenen Schulen im Norden des Landes Zuflucht gesucht. Im Oktober hätten Flüchtlinge begonnen, in das „neue Lager“ an der Peripherie von Nahr al-Barid zurückzukehren. Ende 2007 habe die UNRWA geschätzt, dass ungefähr 6.000 Flüchtlinge in das „neue Lager“ gezogen seien:
„As a result of the May-September Nahr al-Barid conflict, an estimated 35,000 Palestinian refugees were displaced. The majority sought shelter with host families in the neighboring Beddawi camp in northern Lebanon, while several hundred families sought shelter in UNRWA as well as government-run schools throughout the north of the country. In October refugees began returning to the "new camp" along the periphery of Nahr al-Barid. At year's end, UNRWA estimated that approximately 6,000 refugees returned to the new camp.” (USDOS, 11. März 2008, Section 2.d)
Die Regierung habe den Flüchtlingen mit Hilfe der UNRWA, internationalen Spenden und Hilfsorganisationen während und nach den Kämpfen im September Nothilfe gewährt. Die Regierung habe temporäre Unterkunft in Schulgebäuden gewährt und habe begonnen, Schutt zu entfernen. Ende 2007 habe die Armee begonnen, Blindgänger im Lager zu entschärfen, sie habe jedoch der UNRWA und ihren Partnerorganisationen keinen Zugang zum Hauptlager gewährt, damit diese mit dem Wiederaufbau beginnen könnten:
“During and after the fighting in Nahr al-Barid in September, the government provided emergency relief, with assistance from UNRWA, the international donor community, and relief nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), to the Palestinian refugees who had fled Nahr al-Barid. The government provided temporary housing by opening school buildings and started efforts to begin removing the rubble in preparation for new camp housing to be built. At year's end, the LAF [Lebanese Armed Forces] had started the process of clearing the UXOs [Unexploded Ordnances] inside the camp, but had not given UNRWA and its partners permission to enter the main camp to begin rubble clearance and reconstruction. .” (USDOS, 11. März 2008, Section 2.d)
Das Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN) berichtet im September 2007 von einer Spenderkonferenz, die von der libanesischen Regierung und UNRWA organisiert wurde, um Mittel für den Wiederaufbau bereitzustellen. Es werde Monate dauern, bis die Probleme mit Blindgängern, unsicheren Gebäuden und der Gefahr von Krankheiten beseitigt sei und mit dem Wiederaufbau begonnen werden könne. Es gebe außerdem Stimmen von Anrainern des Lagers, die sich überhaupt gegen einen Wiederaufbau aussprechen würden:
“The government has pledged to rebuild the camp and is hosting a donor conference on 10 September in coordination with the Palestinian relief organisation, UNRWA, to raise money for Nahr al-Bared’s reconstruction. However, problems of unexploded ordnance, unsafe buildings and the danger of disease inside the devastated camp will take many months to overcome before reconstruction can even begin, and the government is now facing a growing chorus of anger from local residents such as Rawa Fiyad, who say they do not want to see Nahr al-Bared rebuilt at all. [...] Though it pledged in June to build temporary accommodation for Palestinians displaced by the fighting, UNRWA has yet to secure any land where building work could begin. UNRWA spokeswoman Hoda al-Turk told IRIN an initial three plots of land near Nahr al-Bared had been leased on which UNRWA offices, a school and temporary refugee accommodation could be constructed, but she was unable to provide details of how many displaced people could be housed on the plots.” (IRIN, 10. September 2007)
BBC World News (BBC) berichtet im Oktober 2007 von den ersten Familien, die ins Lager Nahr al-Bared zurückkehrten. 400 Familien hätten von der Armee die Erlaubnis zur Rückkehr erhalten. Die UNRWA habe die Familien mit Wasser, Nahrungsmittelpaketen und anderen Gütern versorgt und eine mobile Ambulanz in Aussicht gestellt:
“The first families have returned to the Nahr al-Bared refugee camp in Lebanon, the scene of months of fighting between soldiers and Islamic militants. [...] They are the first of about 400 families granted permission by the Lebanese Army to return to the camp. The army's siege of Fatah al-Islam members displaced some 40,000 people. About 400 people, mainly militants and soldiers, died in the violence, which started in mid-May and finally came to an end on 2 September. The UN Relief and Works Agency, which is overseeing the staged return of families to the camp, provided transport from the nearby Beddawi camp where the refugees have been staying. [...] The families were provided with water, food parcels, and other necessities by the Unrwa, the UN agency for Palestinian refugees, which said it would also set up a mobile medical clinic. The Lebanese government has estimated the cost of relief for the refugees of Nahr al-Bared, reconstruction and help for local municipalities at $382.5m. So far $37m of assistance has been pledged by regional and international donors, the Reuters agency reported.” (BBC, 10. Oktober 2007)
In einer Presseaussendung der UNRWA vom November 2007 wird berichtet, dass der UNO-Sonderkoordinator für den Libanon und die Direktorin der UNRWA dem neuen Lager von Nahr al-Bared einen Besuch abgestattet hätten. Sie hätten ein von der UNRWA betriebenes Gesundheitszentrum besucht, sowie ein Zentrum, das palästinensische Familien mit Übergangsunterkünften versorge. Auch das alte Lager und Übergangsunterkünfte für 96 Familien am südlichen Lager-Eingang seien Teil des Besichtigungsprogramms gewesen:
“The United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon, Geir Pedersen, and Ms. Karen Abu Zayd, the Commissioner General of the United Nations Works and Relief Agency (UNRWA), today toured the Palestinian refugee camp of Nahr El-Bared. The UN officials examined UNRWA-led emergency assistance and recovery efforts underway. Pedersen and Abu Zayd took a tour of the new camp of Nahr El-Bared. They visited an UNRWArun health center which provides returnees with health care, as well as centers which provide Palestinian families with temporary accommodation. They also toured two recently rehabilitated water wells, and the old camp of Nahr El-Bared. Before leaving Nahr El-Bared, the UN officials stopped to see temporary shelters at the southern entrance of the camp. These newly constructed shelters provide shelter to 96 displaced Palestinian families.” (UNRWA, 12. November 2007)
Ende Dezember 2007 verlautet eine weitere UNRWA-Presseaussendung, dass 9.000 Kinder aus dem Lager Nahr el-Barid im Neuen Jahr wieder übergangsweise Schulen besuchen könnten, die in der Gegend der Lager Beddawi und Nahr el-Barid zur Verfügung gestellt würden. Auch psychologische Unterstützung für traumatisierte Kinder sei vorgesehen, so die Presseaussendung:
“Nine thousand children from the Nahr El Bared camp in Lebanon destroyed in fighting are now able in the New Year to return to school in temporary schools located in the Beddawi and Nahr El Bared areas thanks to a donation of US$ 1.277 million made by Dubai Cares. UNRWA’s Commissioner-General Mrs. Karen Abu-Zayd warmly welcomed the US$ 1.277 million donation from Dubai Cares, “an organization which has risen from the society of Dubai, whose leader has inspired his people to donate enthusiastically to a good cause: the education of poor children”, she said. 
[...] With Dubai Cares’ contribution, UNRWA has rented, furnished and equipped schools in the Beddawi camp area and the area adjacent to Nahr El Bared, to allow displaced children to continue their education as normally as possible, pending reconstruction of the camp and the schools it contained. Traumatised children will be receiving psychological support, and recreational activities will be organised for them. The Commissioner-General said that, “one cannot imagine the distress of all these displaced children who have had to live in miserable conditions because of the conflict in North Lebanon. Schooling will bring them stability and extra-curricular activities will create a favourable environment for their psychological development.” (UNRWA, 28. Dezember 2007)
Im Februar 2008 verkündet die UNRWA in einer Aussendung einen Plan zum Wiederaufbau des Lagers Nahr el-Bared, der gemeinsam mit der libanesischen Regierung und der PLO erarbeitet worden sei. Die Armee würde nun einigen vertriebenen Familien Zugang zu als sicher geltenden Gebieten des Lagers gewähren, damit sie ihre Wertsachen und Dokumente holen könnten. Danach werde der UNRWA Zugang gewährt, damit sie den Schutt als Vorbereitung für den Wiederaufbau beseitigen könne:
“The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), the Government of Lebanon and the Palestine Liberation Organization launched today the plan for the reconstruction of Nahr el-Bared camp. Launching the plan, UNRWA's Commissioner-General Karen AbuZayd described it as "requiring a massive collaborative effort and it will be a long and difficult undertaking". This Master Plan will be a vehicle for funding the reconstruction. UNRWA will be working closely with the Lebanese Government, the World Bank, and the Palestinian Community as well as with other UN agencies and NGOs. The Lebanese Army is now allowing access for some displaced families to enter areas of the camp that are considered safe in order to retrieve their valuables and documents. Once this process is finished, UNRWA will be given access to remove the rubble in preparation for the reconstruction.” (UNRWA, 12. Februar 2008)
Die libanesische Zeitung Daily Star berichtet im Jänner 2008 ausführlich über die Lage im Lager Nahr el-Barid. Laut Beamten aus dem Lager seien Rückkehrer weiterhin schrecklichen Lebensbedingungen ausgesetzt, obwohl ein Aufgebot an NGOs sich um die Bedürfnisse der Bewohner kümmere. Laut Angaben einer Sprecherin der UNRWA seien 1.280 der 5.449 vertriebenen Familien ins Lager zurückgekehrt. Die UNRWA-Sprecherin wird zitiert, dass die Bedingungen sich zwar verbessert hätten, aber immer noch sehr trist seien. Es gebe überall Verbesserungsbedarf und es fehle praktisch an Allem. Es gebe immer noch 270 Familien, die in Schulen im benachbarten Lager Beddawi untergebracht seien. Es seien weitere 148 Übergangswohneinheiten auf einem dem Lager benachbarten Grundstück geplant und UNRWA habe die Genehmigung erhalten, weitere 300 Behausungen zu den 116 im letzten Jahr errichteten Einheiten zu bauen. Der erste Winterregen habe Löcher in den Behausungen offenbart, es gebe eine große Anzahl von Menschen, die nicht über ordentliche Behausungen verfügten. Die UNRWA biete auch Mietzuschüsse für über 3000 Familien, die in gemieteten Unterkünften im „neuen Lager“, ein weniger vom Konflikt zerstörtes Gebiet in der Nähe der Küstenautobahn, untergekommen seien. UNRWA habe auch Heizgeräte, Decken und Winterbekleidung verteilt. UNRWA plane auch bis zum Ende des Monats eine Klinik im Lager zu eröffnen, um die derzeit bestehende Klinik, die in einem leer stehenden Gebäude untergebracht ist, zu ersetzen. Die nächste Phase des Wiederaufbaus werde sich mit der ökonomischen Wiederbelebung beschäftigen, einige Geschäfte hätten wieder geöffnet. Die Armee habe eine Woche zuvor Bewohnern des „alten Lagers“ (das Gebiet neben dem Meer, das am härtesten von den Kämpfen betroffen sei) erlaubt, ihre Besitztümer aus den Häusern zu holen. Es gebe auch Spannungen zwischen der Armee und einigen Bewohnern, die behaupteten, ihre Häuser seien geplündert worden. Ein Bewohner wird zitiert, wonach er jeden Tag 30 Minuten warten müsse, bevor er in das Lager gehen könne:
„Palestinian refugees returning to the war-torn Nahr al-Bared camp near Tripoli continue to face dire living conditions, although an array of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are tackling the relief and infrastructure needs of the residents, officials working at the camp said on Monday. The situation "is not as good as we want it to be, to be frank," Ambassador Khalil Makkawi, head of the Lebanese-Palestinian Dialogue Committee, told The Daily Star. "There is a lot to be done. The priority is still to go as fast as possible to bring people in and let them live in a decent manner inside the camp." About 1,280 families have moved back into Nahr al-Bared, out of the camp's official population of 5,449 families before the three-month battle in mid-2007 at the camp between the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and Fatah al-Islam militants, said Hoda al-Turk, spokeswoman for the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), which looks after Palestinians here and in surrounding countries. "If you see the place now you see there's a big difference," Turk said. "The conditions have improved, of course - but they're still very miserable. The needs are still very big. Everything is a priority. There are needs everywhere." That number of returning families translates roughly into more than 6,000 people out of the camp's registered total of 31,000-plus inhabitants, although some are still staying in shelters converted from UNRWA schools in the neighboring Beddawi refugee camp, she said. "Our priority is to evacuate the schools in Beddawi," Turk said. About 270 families remain in the schools, she added, the same number as at the beginning of December, when another UNRWA official said vacating the schools was the agency's immediate priority. Within two weeks UNRWA should complete construction of 148 one-family, temporary housing units on property next to Nahr al-Bared, Turk said. UNRWA recently received permits to erect another 300 dwellings, in addition to the 116 units it put up last year, she added. The European Commission's Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO) is paying the cost of the prefabricated housing, as well as for repairs to the first batch of 116 units, said Alain Robyns, ECHO head of office for Lebanon. The first winter rains revealed leaks in the houses' roofs and walls "There's still a large number of people not having proper housing," Robyns said. "They're really in a very poor condition. We need to address the housing issue," he added. UNRWA is also providing rent subsidies for $200 monthly to 3,171 families from Nahr al-Bared, Turk said. Some of the families who returned to the camp are receiving the subsidy, because they are living in rented accommodation in the new camp, the area of the camp near the coastal highway and less damaged by the conflict, she added. In addition to monetary assistance, the agency and a host of NGOs are working to improve conditions inside the camp. On Monday UNRWA distributed 250 heaters, and the agency has also passed out blankets and winter clothing, as well as tool kits so residents can repair minor damages to their homes, Turk said. ECHO picked up the tab for winter necessities such as heaters, and it is also sponsoring the rehabilitation of the camp's sewage system being done by the UK charity Islamic Relief, Robyns said. ECHO is paying for projects undertaken by NGOs such as the Norwegian Relief Council, Premiere Urgence of France, Handicap International and the Danish branch of Save the Children, he added. "Everyone going to the field is astonished by the amount of work," Robyns said. "All the infrastructure has been damaged." Other ECHO-funded work includes the destruction of the unsalvageable buildings and repairs to structurally damaged buildings so residents can return, he added. A contractor has removed about 48,000 cubic meters of rubble so far, Turk said. UNRWA is cooperating with the UN Development Program and Electricte du Liban to evaluate the status of the camp's main electricity network, Turk said. Camp inhabitants have been using power supplied by UNRWA generators since their return in early December, she added. By the end of this month the UN agency should open a healthcare clinic in the camp, to succeed the clinic now housed in an empty building donated by a camp resident, Turk said. This emergency relief and assistance work has cost ECHO $7.44 million, while ECHO has plans to receive another $11.9 million in March, although the European Commission has not yet confirmed the figure, Robyns said. The next phase at Nahr al-Bared will address economic recovery, with a focus on reviving labor-intensive enterprises, he added. With the same issue in mind, UNRWA and the International Labor Organization are conducting an assessment on business reactivation, Turk said. A number of shops and small businesses have reopened in the camp, said Rola Istambouli, who works in the camp with the NGO World Vision. "It's a little bit better," said Istambouli, adding that she saw the first days of the evacuees' return, when people were living in buildings without windows or doors. "Before it was very awful. Now you can see life. They are really strong people." One week ago the LAF allowed residents of the old camp - the area near the sea and hit hardest by the fighting - to retrieve belongings from their homes, Turk said. "They saw with their own eyes what happened," Isyambouli said. "I saw many friends from the camp who told me it was a disaster. They lost control. "All that's left in [one friend's] house are a few books from her father. She told me that she will never let him go there, because he will have a heart attack if he sees his home." Tensions also persist between the LAF and the residents, some of whom have said their houses were looted during the violence, she added. "Relations between the army and the Nahr al-Bared people are worse," she said. "Every day you go to Nahr al-Bared you have to wait at least 30 minutes to go in." (Daily Star, 15. Jänner 2008)
In einem Artikel des Online-Mediums World Politics Review vom Jänner 2008 wird erwähnt, dass viele Familien aus Nahr el-Barid bei Freunden oder am Boden im benachbarten Lager Beddawi schlafen würden. Im Oktober 2007 sei die erste Welle von Familien nach Nahr el-Barid zurückgekehrt, um in vorübergehenden Behausungen oder ihren zerstörten Häusern zu wohnen. Die zweite Welle solle laut UNRWA Ende Jänner 2008 beginnen. Bis März hoffe die UNRWA, 450 Familien zurückzubringen, die zwischen einem neuen Fertigteilhaus oder einem Zuschuss für fünf Monate Miete wählen könnten. Es seien 40 Millionen US-Dollar von internationalen Spendern zugesagt worden, das seien kaum 10 Prozent der geschätzten Kosten für Hilfe und Wiederaufbau:
“Abueid's family is one of many crammed into friends' apartments or sleeping on floors at the nearby Beddawi camp. By August, more than 5,000 of Nahr al-Bared's 6,200 displaced families had scattered around Beddawi and other areas of northern Lebanon, according to statistics from the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). In October, the first wave of families returned to stay in temporary shelters or their damaged homes. The second wave should begin returning in late January, said UNRWA coordinator Mohammad Khaled. By March, the agency hopes to return about 450 families, who can choose between a new prefabricated home or subsidy for five months' rent. About $40 million has been pledged for the reconstruction by international donors, a figure that is roughly 10 percent of the estimated cost of relief and reconstruction efforts.” (World Politics Review, 9. Jänner 2008)
In den ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden Quellen konnten im Rahmen der zeitlich begrenzten Recherche keine Informationen zur Verfügbarkeit von Psychopharmaka in Nahr el-Barid gefunden werden.
 
Diese Informationen beruhen auf einer zeitlich begrenzten Recherche in öffentlich zugänglichen Dokumenten, die ACCORD derzeit zur Verfügung stehen. Diese Antwort stellt keine Meinung zum Inhalt eines bestimmten Ansuchens um Asyl oder anderen internationalen Schutz dar. Wir empfehlen, die verwendeten Materialien zur Gänze durchzusehen.
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