Overview
“Dagestan has clearly become the most violent republic in the North Caucasus. This is partly because Dagestan is the largest republic in the region, with a population of about 3 million.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 31 October 2012)
“Russian authorities are trying to dramatically change the situation in Dagestan. The strategically important North Caucasian republic has a 150-kilometer (93-mile) long border with Georgia and a 315-km (196-mile) long border with Azerbaijan. The republic also has 530 km (329 miles) of coastline on the Caspian Sea.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 28 June 2012)
“A region of high mountains, lowlands and steppes, the North Caucasus has a small, diverse population of 9.86 million. […] The most homogeneous republics are Chechnya and Ingushetia, the most diverse region is Dagestan, with over 30 distinct ethnic groups.” (
ICG, 19 October 2012a, p. 3)
Religious conflict
“Значительное влияние на разные стороны общественной жизни Дагестана оказывает ислам. […] Традиционно население здесь исповедовало различные тарикаты (‚пути‘) суфийского направления в исламе. До сих пор большинство верующих в республике придерживаются именно этого направления. […] С 90-х годов прошлого века в республике начало активно распространяться новое для Кавказа религиозное течение – салафизм, или фундаменталистский ислам.“ (
Memorial, 4 September 2012, p. 8)
“Islam is the majority’s religion, especially in Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia, where the internal factors of the umma (Islamic community) have an increasingly profound impact on society. Most of the region’s Muslims follow a form of Islam perceived as ‘traditional’ in the region because it is deeply interwoven with local customs, practices and beliefs. The east has a strong tradition of Sufism, whose brotherhoods (tariqas) have been in conflict with the Salafis for over a decade. […] Traditional Muslims are more successfully integrated into the Russian secular system and recognise its institutions and law; their religious boards have become semi-government institutions.” (
ICG, 19. October 2012b, p. 2)
“Салафиты, которых часто неточно называют ваххабитами, не признают святых и учителей, считая их наличие нарушением принципа единобожия в исламе. Они не признают вкраплений в религиозную практику народных традиций, выступают за упрощение обрядности и буквальное толкование Корана. […] В Дагестане, в отличие от Чечни, где конфликт начинался как сепаратистский, раскол был изначально как политическим, так и религиозным. […] В 90-х годах XX века конфликт, тогда еще не вооруженный, происходил как внутри исламских общин в населенных пунктах, так и между представителями духовенства: Духовного управления мусульман Республики Дагестан с одной стороны и лидерами салафитов – с другой. Одновременно нарастало давление на салафитов со стороны государственных силовых структур.” (
Memorial, 4 September 2012, p. 8-9)
“The state generally supported traditional Muslims and in effect banned Salafism, deepening the sectarian schism. It saw the ‘hunt for Wahhabis’ as part of an anti-terrorist struggle, especially after the August 1999 incursion of Chechen insurgents into Dagestan.” (
ICG, 19. October 2012b, p. 4)
“В августе и сентябре 1999 года из Чечни в Дагестан под лозунгом ‚помощи братьям по вере‘ вторгались крупные вооруженные отряды под командованием Шамиля Басаева. Вторжение было отбито, неподконтрольные республиканским властям анклавы ликвидированы в ходе серьезных боев. […] После событий 1999 года государство стало привлекать к уголовной ответственности участников и пособников нападения на Дагестан. Тогда же Народное Собрание РД приняло закон ‘О запрете ваххабистской и иной экстремистской деятельности на территории Республики Дагестан‘. Внятного определения ‘ваххабизма‘, да и ‘экстремизма‘, в этом законе нет. В правовом смысле его последствия ничтожны. Однако этот закон создал предпосылки для репрессий: фактически каждый, кто по субъективной оценке сотрудника правоохранительных органов мог быть причислен к приверженцам ‚ваххабизима‘, становился жертвой милицейского произвола. Произошло смешение уголовно-правового и религиозного понятий: борьба с терроризмом фактически превратилась в борьбу с приверженцами ‚ваххабизма‘ как религиозного течения.” (
Memorial, 4 September 2012, p. 9-10)
“For almost a decade after the second Chechen war began, Dagestan authorities made no distinction between moderate and radical, violence-oriented Salafis, which contributed to radicalisation of the entire community.” (
ICG, 19. October 2012b, p. 9)
“The most thorough attempt, after years of violence, to bring Salafis into a dialogue with the state and Sufi leaders, is in Dagestan. The insurgency itself is not interested in dialogue and seeks to undermine it with new terrorist attacks, while the security services also disrupt the process by further heavy-handed measures. […] The dialogue may have come close to its end with the killing of Sheikh Said Afandi, the most influential sheikh in the North Caucasus, by a newly converted Islamist in his home on 28 August 2012. […] When the moderate Salafi organisation condemned the killing and called for continuation of dialogue, insurgents threatened its leaders. The leader of the Caucasus Emirate (Imarat Kavkaz), Doku Umarov, made a video asserting that Sufis who do not cooperate with the authorities are ‘brothers in Islam’ and invited them to join jihad.” (
ICG, 19. October 2012b, p. 3-12)
“Unter Abdulatipow ist der unter seinem Vorgänger Magomedsalam Magomedow erfolgreich installierte Dialog zwischen traditionellen Sunniten und einem gemäßigten Flügel der Salafisten zum Erliegen gekommen. Stattdessen nimmt die staatliche Repression zu. Abdulatipows Devise, wie mit Islamisten umzugehen ist, lautet: ‘Jede noch so geringe Zusammenarbeit mit den Banditen wird auf das Grausamste bestraft.‘“ (
AI, October 2013)
North Caucasus Conflict
Development of the insurgency in Dagestan
“First, since ‘Islamist terrorism’ was widely recognized as a primary threat to national security in 1999-2001, thousands of mostly young Dagestanis, accused of terrorism and ‘Wahhabism’, have been taken into custody by local authorities where they were often subjected to Soviet-style interrogation. Deep religiosity has been considered especially suspicious by the authorities, which have been waging full-scale war against real and alleged ‘Wahhabis’ and their sympathizers. […] As authorities have lacked enough evidence to put alleged ‘Wahhabis’ in jail, these were eventually set free following a few months of torture. Many of them never made peace with what was done to them in prisons, and have turned to violence to retaliate the humiliation. In case someone’s relative was killed or seriously wounded, their brothers, sons or cousins have pledged oaths to take revenge for the sake of family honor. As it is difficult for individuals to combat authorities on their own, many young Dagestanis have joined the insurgent movement in the mountains, where there were exposed to the basics of Salafism. […] Likewise, many Dagestanis have joined the insurgency in protest of the societal sins, be it corruption, erosion of traditional values, inability to realize themselves professionally or in search for a better, Islamic, future for their homeland.“ (
CACI, 29 September 2010)
“Chechen separatism is the most prominent case of mobilisation based on memories of grievances, suppressed by the Soviet regime and channelled by nationalist leaders into demands for full independence. The resulting conflict has had a profound effect on the entire North Caucasus, particularly on Ingushetia and Dagestan where there was a direct spillover of displaced persons, combat and security operations. The secessionist conflict has now largely been superseded by an Islamist insurgency that continues in Chechnya and has spread to its neighbours.” (
ICG, 19 October 2012a, p. 9)
“The Republic of Dagestan has become the principal scene of all the North Caucasian resistance movement in the past two years. Not only does the republic have the largest number of jamaats operating on its territory in the North Caucasus, but it also boasts of having the largest group of people there who are literate in Islamic theology and adhere to the ideas of an all-out jihadism in the region.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 17 May 2012)
“Diese ehemals in Tschetschenien aktiven Gruppen hätten sich, so hieß es, überwiegend nach Dagestan, Inguschetien und Kabardino-Balkarien zurückgezogen.“ (
Universität Bremen, 20 May 2011, p. 3)
“In Dagestan, meanwhile, the insurgents are closely linked to both political clans and mafia groups, in a bewildering three-way war between Islamists, local politicians and Russian troops.“ (
IWPR, 25 October 2010)
“Die höchste Gewaltdichte wurde in der größten Teilrepublik Dagestan registriert. Maßgebende Faktoren regionaler Instabilität sind terroristische Gewalt, Spannungen zwischen Volksgruppen, der Zustand der Rechtsschutzorgane und sozialökonomische Probleme wie hohe Jugendarbeitslosigkeit.“ (
SWP, June 2012, p. 3)
“But if the ensuing counterterrorism operation in Gimry was meant to combat such extremism by identifying militants among the locals, it did the opposite. Residents say that in addition to daily house-to-house searches, thousands of troops bristling with weapons cut down farmers' trees, killed livestock, and stole whatever they could from the very poor people who live here. Magomedov says they also shot villagers in what he calls a reign of terror. ‘So many people were killed, and no one punished for it,’ he says. […] Some villagers in Gimry say they're protesting by refusing to observe Russian law. They say they live under Shari'a law instead, or at least their understanding of it, which includes blood feuds and other forms of centuries-old traditional law.“ (
RFE/RL, 4 November 2011)
“A survey in Dagestan has found that 20 percent of the republic’s youth consider themselves moderate Salafis. Only 10 percent of the respondents referred to themselves as Sufis – traditionally the main Muslim branch in Dagestan. The most educated among those who identified themselves as moderate Salafis said they were in favor of mimicking the experience of such countries as Brunei, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman in bringing norms of sharia into governance in Dagestan. The survey also found that 12 percent of the respondents favor the radical methods of struggle adopted by the North Caucasus militants. It is especially striking that young people openly stated support for rebels in the republic. According to a Dagestani expert on Islam, Ruslan Gereyev, the survey was conducted only in cities, and support for the rebels would have been even higher had the interviews been conducted in rural areas of the republic (www.kavkaz-uzel.ru, December 9).“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 14 December 2011)
“Violence continued in the North Caucasus republics, driven by separatism, interethnic conflict, jihadist movements, vendettas, criminality, and excesses by security forces. Dagestan continued to be the most violent area in the North Caucasus.“ (
USDOS, 19 April 2013, Section 1g)
“In mid-March, a massive redeployment of military personnel from Chechnya to Dagestan took place. According to unofficial sources from Dagestan, up to 20,000-25,000 troops were moved to the neighboring republic. A military column including large amounts of armored fighting vehicles set out from Khankala, a military base to the east of Grozny, to the Karabudakhkent district of Dagestan on the outskirts of the capital city of Makhachkala. Rationalized by the authorities as another move to improve the deteriorating situation in the Caspian republic, the move has caused serious concern both within and outside Dagestan.“ (
CACI, 4 April 2012)
“Starting in early October, troops of the Russian Ministry of Defense are again participating in the counterinsurgency campaign in the North Caucasus. […] In fact, Moscow is actively strengthening its military presence in the region, with a particular focus on Dagestan. In the spring months of 2012, it deployed up to 25,000 MVD police units to Dagestan, the majority of which had previously been stationed in Chechnya. The recent decision to deploy army units to Dagestan seems to have been made in August or September and confirms that the success of the MVD troops has been limited. Indeed, the police units recruited from all over the Russian Federation and deployed to Dagestan for only a few months have proven incapable of grasping the peculiarities of local counterinsurgency warfare. In addition, the death toll on MVD troops deployed in the Dagestan campaign has increased steadily in recent months.“ (
CACI, 14 November 2012)
“Against the backdrop of multiple killings of young members of the jamaats, Salafi ideology will attract more young people who regard the teaching as the only way of resisting the local authorities who work under Moscow’s auspices. Salafism in contemporary Dagestan has become a serious counterweight to official Sufism, as the latter has undermined its authority by close cooperation with the government. Sufism’s loss of authority is directly linked to the young people’s drift toward joining the ranks of the jihadists.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 10 January 2013)
“Some republics sought to develop non-repressive responses to the threats posed by armed groups. Commissions for Adaptation were established in Dagestan and Ingushetia with the aim of encouraging the surrender and re-integration into society of former members of armed groups. The Dagestani authorities adopted a more tolerant attitude towards Salafi Muslims.” (
AI, 23 May 2013)
“Hopes for improvement of the security situation in Dagestan gradually dissipate as attacks intensify in the republic. In spite of an anti-corruption campaign introduced by Dagestan’s new acting president, harsher government tactics appear to be matched by more exasperated attacks by the militants, while new anti-insurgency jamaats are formed to avenge the casualties of terrorist attacks.” (
CACI, 26 June 2013)
“On June 24, the acting head of Dagestan, Ramazan Abdulatipov, said an amnesty for militants in the republic who want to return to civilian life could be announced. Abdulatipov made the surprise comments in an interview with Russian TV Channel One (Pervy Kanal). ‘We should learn how to forgive each other,’ Abdulatipov said, striking perhaps the most conciliatory tone to date (http://www.1tv.ru/sprojects/si=5756).“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 8 July 2013)
“Bei einem Runden Tisch zum Thema ‘Grundzüge der neuen Politik in Dagestan: Erste Erfolge und gefährliche Tendenzen‘ diskutierten im Juli in Moskau russische Menschenrechtler über das Vorgehen von Ramasan Abdulatipow. Er bekämpfe zwar in Dagestan die Kriminalität und die Korruption und biete der Jugend neue wirtschaftliche Perspektiven, hieß es dort. Gleichzeitig seien jedoch Rückschritte zu beobachten. Eine bislang erfolgreiche Kommission zur Wiedereingliederung von Aufständischen habe faktisch aufgehört zu existieren.“ (
AI, October 2013)
“At the Valdai forum in September, Abdulatipov stated that there were 150–250 insurgents in the republic and that 2 percent of them were foreign mercenaries.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 30 September 2013)
“On October 22, government forces deployed in Dagestan’s mountains were significantly reinforced when at least 500 servicemen arrived in the district of Untsukul. Government forces will reportedly also be sent to other districts in Dagestan’s mountainous region to improve the deteriorating security situation in the area.” (
Jamestown Foundation, 28 October 2013)
Attacks and violations of human rights
“Похищения и насильственные исчезновения людей по-прежнему остаются одной из распространенных форм грубейших нарушений прав человека в Дагестане. За годы сложилась целая система незаконного насилия, включающая в себя неотъемлемые элементы – похищение людей, применение к ним пыток и осуществление внесудебных казней части похищенных. В Дагестане объектом похищений обычно становятся люди, исповедующие фундаменталистское направление ислама (салафизм), именно их силовики подозревают в пособничестве или причастности к вооруженному подполью. В Дагестане, как и в других республиках Северного Кавказа, нередко похищают и впоследствии убивают идеологов этого течения, тех, кому сложно предъявить официальные обвинения, но кого силовики считают ‘опасными’. Впрочем, среди похищенных есть люди, не принадлежащие к салафитскому течению.“ (
Memorial, 4 September 2012, p. 48-49)
“Government personnel, rebels, and criminal elements continued to engage in abductions in the North Caucasus. […] Security forces in Chechnya, Dagestan, and Ingushetiya frequently abducted or detained individuals for several days without immediate explanation or charge. Human rights groups believed the numbers of abductions were underreported because victims’ relatives were reluctant to complain to authorities due to fear of reprisal. Generally, there was no accountability for government security personnel involved in abductions. Criminal groups in the region, possibly with links to rebel forces, frequently resorted to kidnapping for ransom.“ (
USDOS, 24 May 2012, Section 1g)
“Across town in an outlying, concrete-block neighborhood, Svetlana Isayeva runs the group Mothers of Daghestan for Human Rights from a tiny ground-floor office. She started the organization after her 25-year-old son disappeared from the street outside her home three years ago. A stoic, dark-haired woman, Isayeva says many young men like him are detained by security forces, especially those who attend mosques and show other signs of religious piousness. She says they're forced to confess to terrorism and often killed. ‘Lately it's become common among law enforcers to burn people alive in their cars,’ she says. ‘Then they're accused of blowing themselves up by accident.“ (
RFE/RL, 4 November 2011)
“Armed groups continued to attack security officials, members of local administrations and prominent members of the public, including mullahs preaching traditional Islam. Law enforcement operations gave rise to numerous allegations of enforced disappearances, extrajudicial executions and torture.“ (
AI, 24 May 2012)
“Die beinahe täglichen Überfälle auf Sicherheitskräfte, welche vor allem in Dagestan und Inguschetien weiter zugenommen haben, weisen dieselben Tendenzen auf: Einerseits finden sie immer häufiger an stark bevölkerten Orten statt, was auch zivile Opfer fordert. Andererseits werden vermehrt ‘prestigeträchtige‘ Ziele anvisiert, das heisst hohe Sicherheitsbeamte.“ (
SFH, 12 September 2011, p. 5-6)
“Die Dagestan-Spezialistin Ekaterina Sokiryanskaya berichtet von illegalen Verhaftungen und Misshandlungen von Personen, denen religiöser Extremismus vorgeworfen wird. Häuser von Angehörigen der Aufständischen seien in Brand gesetzt worden, so Sokiryanskaya. Staatlich geduldete Bürgerwehren würden die Bewohner einschüchtern. Tatsächlich treibe man mit diesen Methoden einen Teil der Opposition in die Hände der Aufständischen.“ (
AI, October 2013)
Timeline of attacks in Dagestan
Please note: Although a lot of information on the Russian Federation is available in Russian language only, currently only selected Russian documents are available on ecoi.net. No Russian language publisher is currently among the sources regularly covered by ecoi.net. The following timeline therefore does not purport to be an exhaustive list of attacks in Dagestan, but shall serve as an overview and introduction to the subject.
2012
“The official figures from 2012 suggest that the Republic of Dagestan today is the primary base of the armed resistance in the North Caucasus: 262 terrorism-related crimes were committed in Dagestan during the first eleven months of 2012, 42 more than in the entire year of 2011 (http://news.mail.ru/inregions/caucasus/5/society/11483342/). […] According to an analysis of open sources, 232 insurgents were killed in Dagestan out of a total of 379 insurgents killed in the North Caucasus in 2012. In comparison, 171 militants were killed in Dagestan in 2011. About 200 suspected militants were arrested and 21 people who helped the rebels voluntarily surrendered to the authorities in 2012 (www.riadagestan.ru/news/2012/12/30/148860). […] At the same time, 211 servicemen, including 149 police officers, were killed in the ongoing conflict with the militants in the North Caucasus (www.yuga.ru/news/282753/). Of those, 130 servicemen were killed in Dagestan, and approximately as many servicemen in the republic were injured. Thus, judging by open source data, the number of deaths in insurgent violence in Dagestan in 2012 accounted for two-thirds of the total number of deaths in insurgent violence in the North Caucasus.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 10 January 2013)
2013
January
“Security forces have reportedly killed a suspected militant in an operation in Russia's North Caucasus region of Daghestan. Russian news agencies are reporting that the raid in which a member of the security forces was also killed, took place in Novy Khushet, a village near the regional capital of Makhachkala.“ (
RFE/RL, 12 January 2013)
“A gunman has killed a senior judge in Daghestan in Russia's restive North Caucasus region. A spokesman for the local Interior Ministry said Magomed Magomedov, a judge on Daghestan's Supreme Court, was killed in a shooting attack in the center of the capital Makhachkala on January 15. […] The 55-year-old judge worked on high-profile cases involving terrorists and Islamic insurgents. Police say Magomedov may have been killed in retaliation for convictions he has recently handed down.“ (
RFE/RL, 16 January 2013)
“At the same time, government forces carried out special operations in the mountainous part of Dagestan, where some rebels were killed and some people disappeared (www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/73122/).“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 24 January 2013)
“The leader by the number of victims is Dagestan - within the month 24 persons suffered there, including 10 killed and 14 wounded persons.” (
Caucasian Knot, 12 February 2013)
February
“On the evening of February 1, unidentified armed people attacked a car near a gas station on the Kavkaz federal highway. When the attackers found out that the driver of the car was a Chechen police officer from the village of Shelkovskaya, they snatched him along with his car (www.riadagestan.ru/news/2013/2/1/150230/). The 31-year-old Chechen police officer was found dead the following day on the outskirts of the village of Bammatyurt in Dagestan’s Khasavyurt district.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 7 February 2013)
“Russian police have shot dead a North Caucasus man believed to be the last suspect still wanted for involvement in a 2010 suicide bombing in Moscow. […] Gusen Magomedov was killed in a security raid in the Sergokali region of Dagestan early on Wednesday. Magomedov was shot dead after resisting arrest, officials said.“ (
BBC News, 6 February 2013)
“A police officer has been killed by unknown assailants in Russia's North Caucasus Republic of Daghestan. Local authorities say Captain Yakub Alimirzuyev was shot dead near his house in the village of Kahdzhalmakhi on the night of February 7.“ (
RFE/RL, 8 February 2013)
“Security forces in Russia's North Caucasus Republic of Daghestan have reportedly killed five suspected militants. Russia's National Antiterrorism Committee said on February 12 that the suspects were shot dead in a special operation in Daghestan's Derbent district. Committee officials said the dead men have been identified as individuals wanted by Daghestani authorities for involvement in extremist and terrorist groups.“ (
RFE/RL, 12 February 2013)
“13.– 14.02.2013 - Bei der Explosion eines Sprengsatzes bei einem Polizeiposten vor Chasawjurt (Dagestan) werden vier Polizisten getötet und fünf weitere verletzt. Während der folgenden Spezialoperation werden sechs Untergrundkämpfer und ein Soldat getötet.“ (
Universität Bremen, 22 February 2013, p. 25)
“Security officers have reportedly shot dead three militants in Russia's North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. Local media reported on February 17 that the militants were hiding in a wood and opened fire on security officers searching the area in the early hours of the day. The Interfax news agency quoted the investigative department of the Investigative Committee for Daghestan as identifying the leader of the three as Daniyal Zargalov, known as the emir of the Northern Sector.“ (
RFE/RL, 17 February 2013)
“Just a day later, on February 17, three more militants were killed, two of whom were identified as Emir Seifullah’s accomplices—25-year-old Kalimulla Sapigullaev of the village of Novosasitli in Khasavyurt district, and 29-year-old Ruslan Tembiev of the village of Leninaul in Kazbekovsky district. Tembiev reportedly was a disciple (a.k.a. naib) of Khalid, the Emir of Khasavyurt.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 28 February 2013)
“The leader by the number of victims was Dagestan. During February, 43 persons suffered there, including 31 killed persons, and 12 wounded ones.” (
Caucasian Knot, 7 March 2013)
March
“Unknown assailants have shot dead a teacher at an Islamic school in Russia's North Caucasus Republic of Daghestan. Daghestan's Interior Ministry said on March 4 that Magomed Biyarslanov was found dead with several gunshots in his chest inside his house in the village of Gubden late on March 3.“ (
RFE/RL, 4 March 2013)
“On March 9, four people were killed in three different parts of Dagestan. One incident took place in Khasavyurt district, which is predominantly populated by Chechens, Avars and Kumyks. Another incident happened in the town of Izberbash south of Makhachkala, which is mostly populated by Dargins. The third incident took place in the village of Kurakh in southern Dagestan, which has a majority Lezgin population. The four victims had diverse social backgrounds: the man killed in Izerbash was a federal judge, while a school teacher was killed in Kurakh and two young people suspected of being members of the insurgency were killed in Khasavyurt district.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 14 March 2013)
“Several suspected militants have been killed in Russia's North Caucasus region of Daghestan. Regional Interior Ministry officials say one security officer was killed and two wounded late on March 20 in the special operation that lasted for several hours on the outskirts of Daghestan's capital, Makhachkala. One security officer is missing. Officials say police and security troops stormed a house after suspected militants inside refused to surrender. Investigators are currently at the scene and the exact number killed is not clear.“ (
RFE/RL, 21 March 2013)
“The leader by the count of victims is Dagestan. During March, 41 persons suffered there, including 26 killed and 15 wounded persons.” (
Caucasian Knot, 13 April 2013)
April
“On April 11, government forces launched a large-scale counter-terrorism operation in the village of Gimry in Dagestan. […] Sources in the village told the Kavpolit.ru website that government forces were caught in the crossfire between the militants inside the village and the militants in the surrounding forests. […] Officials identified three militants who were killed in the special operation in Gimry—35-year-old Shamil Abdullaev, 34-year-old Ilyas Kamilov and 28-year-old Abdula Zaguliev. The locals said that Gajidadaev, the notorious leader of the militants in the village, was alive and fighting government forces involved in the attack.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 15 April 2013)
“At least one person has been killed and two more wounded in a continuing security operation in Russia's North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. Interior Ministry officials say the operation was launched on April 11 when security forces in Daghestan's central Untsukul district surrounded a group of suspected militants. The suspects opened fire at the security forces, sparking a gunfight that left one suspected militant dead and a second injured. A security officer was wounded in continued fighting on April 12 after a second group of militants attacked the security forces from behind. In a separate incident, two guards at a former military base in a neighboring district were shot dead by unknown attackers late on April 11.“ (
RFE/RL, 12 April 2013a)
“An explosion near a school in the Daghestani city of Buinaksk has killed at least one policeman and wounded three others in the latest incident during two days of violence in Russia’s North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. The explosion late on April 12 came after a two-day gun battle in Daghestan's Untsukul district.“ (
RFE/RL, 12 April 2013b)
“24.04.2013 - Bei einer Anti-Terror Operation der Sicherheitskräfte werden im Rayon Gunib (Dagestan) zwei mutmaßliche Untergrundkämpfer getötet.“ (
Universität Bremen, 3 May 2013, p. 27)
“Russia’s says the leader of a militant group in the North Caucasus republic of Daghestan has been killed in an overnight gunbattle with police. The National Antiterrorist Committee said that Bagir Agabayev, the head of the Khiva armed group, was killed when militants in a car he was traveling in opened fire on police attempting to stop them for a documents check. Agabayev’s aide, Albert Yarov, was also killed in the gunbattle, together with a third militant.“ (
RFE/RL, 27 April 2013)
“On April 30, the eve of the May 1 holiday in Russia, three police officers – a major, captain and lieutenant - were killed when an unidentified group attacked the Buinaksk district police station in the city of Buinaksk (http://kavkasia.net/Russia/2013/1367444462.php). Dagestan’s Islamist insurgents were apparently behind the attack.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 10 May 2013)
“The leader by the count of victims is Dagestan. In April, 35 persons suffered there, including 22 killed and 13 wounded persons.” (
Caucasian Knot, 8 May 2013)
May
“On May 1, two teenagers, aged 14 and 15, were killed in an explosion when they tried to open a package lying near the door of a shop. Two male passersby, aged 40 and 47, were injured. According to investigators, the perpetrators of the blast were trying to pressure the shop’s owner. They said unidentified people had previously tried to extort money from the business owner. Three months earlier, an Improvised Electronic Device (IED) had been placed by the shop’s entrance, but was defused (http://kavkasia.net/Russia/2013/1367473288.php).“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 10 May 2013)
“08.–09.05.2013 - Bei Spezialoperationen der Sicherheitskräfte in den Rayons Karabudachkent und Kumtorkalinsk (Dagestan) werden sieben Untergrundkämpfer getötet. Bei den Einsätzen werden auch drei Angehörige der Sicherheitskräfte verletzt, ein Soldat kommt ums Leben.“ (
Universität Bremen, 17 May 2013, p. 24)
“Two deadly car bomb explosions have hit Makhachkala, the capital of Russia's North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. The explosions occurred on May 20 outside a court building in the city. […] A second blast then went off after police officers arrived at the scene, killing at least four people. More than 40 people were injured. Some 20 vehicles were damaged by the blast.“ (
RFE/RL, 20 May 2013)
“23.05.2013 - Bei einer Spezialoperation der Sicherheitskräfte in Chasawjurt (Dagestan) werden zwei Untergrundkämpfer getötet. Bei einem weiteren Anti-Terroreinsatz im Dorf Gubden (Dagestan) kommen ein Angehöriger der Truppen des Innenministeriums und ein Untergrundkämpfer ums Leben.“ (
Universität Bremen, 31 May 2013, p. 31)
“At least 11 people have been wounded after a female suicide bomber blew herself up in Russia's North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. Authorities said the bomber blew herself up in a car on May 25 near the Interior Ministry building in the regional capital, Makhachkala. Investigative Committee officials said an unidentified woman came up to traffic policemen and detonated an explosive. Those wounded in the blast included six civilians and five police officers, two of whom are in a critical condition.“ (
RFE/RL, 25 May 2013)
“The largest number of victims was recorded in Dagestan: in May, 129 persons suffered there, including 38 casualties and 91 wounded persons.” (
Caucasian Knot, 15 June 2013)
June
“Three police officers have been killed and two passersby were injured during a shoot-out in Russia's North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. Daghestan's Interior Ministry said on June 11 that six police officers came under attack in the Novolak district, which borders Chechnya. Two people the ministry called ‘militants’ were also killed in the shoot-out.“ (
RFE/RL, 11 June 2013)
“11.06.2013 - […] Im Rayon Chasawjurt (Dagestan) töten Sicherheitskräfte drei Untergrundkämpfer, als es bei einer Fahrzeugkontrolle zu einem Feuergefecht kommt“ (
Universität Bremen, 14 June 2013, p. 19)
“On June 15, authorities found the body of 24-year-old police officer, Magomed Magomedov, near a highway in Dagestan’s Tsumada district (http://www.interfax.ru/russia/news.asp?id=312630).“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 24 June 2013)
“On June 17, three masked suspects killed a Federal Security Service (FSB) officer, Rajab Kazambiev, in the village of Babayurt (http://www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/225857/).“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 24 June 2013)
“Earlier, the ‘Caucasian Knot’ informed that the assault at the Imam of the settlement of Kakhabroso, Untsukul district of Dagestan, Magomed Aliev took place at night of June, 23. One of the attackers, resident of the settlement of Gimry, Magomedhabib Abdulaev aged 28, was killed during skirmish near the Imam’s house, the Ministry of Interior Affairs in Dagestan reported. Two others escaped. ‘The wife and son of the Imam of the settlement of Kakhabroso got gunshot wounds. They were operated on and are currently in a grave state. Imam Magomed Aliev himself was not injured’, a representative of the Investigative Department of CIR in Dagestan reported.” (
Caucasian Knot, 24 June 2013)
“Tamerlan Akaev, a villager of Mutsalaul, Khasavyurt District of Dagestan, a 28-year-old supporter of Salafism, who had been elected a delegate to the future Kumyk Parliament, was shot dead in his car. According to Rasul Ismailov, the head of the human rights organization ‘Civil Initiative’, believes that the reason for the murder could be the hostility that arose on religious grounds. According to Ismailov, Akaev was a follower of Salafism and the leader of local youth. ‘The murder was committed at midnight on June 25, when Akaev, after seeing off the village Imam, was returning home. Tamerlan Akaev was shot dead in his own car. Some 10 days ago, he and other active guys initiated election of a new Imam of Mutsalaul, which caused a conflict in the village between supporters of the new and the old Imams. Basically, the previous Imam (he was a follower of Sufism) was supported by Sufis from the neighbouring villages,’ said Rasul Ismailov, without specifying the source of information and details of the incident.” (
Caucasian Knot, 27 June 2013)
“One suspected militant has been killed and four police officers have been wounded in a shoot-out in Russia's North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. Russia's Investigative Committee said the incident took place on June 27 near the village of Khutrakh in Daghestan's western Tsunta district. Special operations officers located two suspected terrorists in a house near the village and asked them to leave the house to be identified. The committee said one of the militants threw grenades at the security officers, injuring four of them. Security officers opened fire and killed one of the suspects. The special operation is still under way, with another alleged militant reportedly firing from the house.“ (
RFE/RL, 27 June 2013)
“Dagestan, where 43 persons suffered, of them 26 were killed and 17 more were wounded, became the leader in the number of victims to the conflict in June.” (
Caucasian Knot, 16 July 2013a)
July
“06.– 07.07.2013 - In Bujnaksk (Dagestan) werden zwei Untergrundkämpfer von Sicherheitskräften getötet. Die Kämpfer hatten zuvor eine Polizeistreife angegriffen.“ (
Universität Bremen, 12 July 2013, p. 24)
“A journalist known for his criticism of local authorities has been shot dead in Russia's North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. Daghestan's police spokeswoman said Akhmednabi Akhmednabiyev, a deputy editor at the ‘Novoye delo’ weekly newspaper, was killed in his car early on July 9 by unknown attackers outside his home in the village of Semenger near the Daghestani capital, Makhachkala. Daghestani police officials have said they believe Akhmednabiyev's assassination is likely connected with his work as a journalist. Akhmednabiyev's recent articles focused on the reasons behind the almost daily shootings and bombings in the region.“ (
RFE/RL, 9 July 2013)
“In the evening of 12 July 2013, lawyer Magomed Guchuchaliev was repeatedly shot at, and killed, by two men near his home in the suburbs of Makhachkala, the capital the North Caucasus republic of Dagestan. […] Colleagues of Magomed Guchuchaliev told Amnesty International that his killing may be related to his work, but may also be a form of pressure on his son Sirazhudun whom the authorities detained earlier this year as a suspected member of an armed group.“ (
AI, 15 July 2013)
“One of the suspects in the killing of four police officers in Russia's North Caucasus republic of Daghestan has been shot dead. Daghestani police officials say the suspect refused to surrender and opened fire on police after he was located on July 15. Russia's Investigative Committee said the policemen were shot dead on July 14 when unidentified gunmen opened fire on their car.“ (
RFE/RL, 15 July 2013)
“On July 14 and 16, six police officers were killed in two separate clashes with insurgents in the mountainous Lak district of Dagestan (http://ria.ru/incidents/20130716/949980365.html). The police subsequently killed two suspected rebels in the same district (http://ria.ru/incidents/20130718/950474051.html). Alternative sources said that the police officers were killed on July 16 by ‘friendly fire’ when the government launched a large-scale and poorly coordinated counterinsurgency operation in the previously quiet Lak and Kuli districts in the mountains in southern Dagestan (http://chernovik.net/content/novosti/porohovym-kleymom).“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 22 July 2013)
“Last night, a primary school teacher was shot and killed at his house located in the Tsumada District of Dagestan. This was reported by law enforcement bodies of the republic. The incident occurred in the village of Khushtada.” (
Caucasian Knot, 16 July 2013b)
“The two persons killed during a shootout with power agents in the Lak District of Dagestan, have been preliminarily identified as Shamil Abdulmedjidov and Magomedtagir Timirchiev, the press service of the republic's MIA has reported. Abdulmedjidov and Timirchiev had been earlier put on the so-called ‘Khadjalmakhi execution list’ and were kidnapped, their relatives assert. Let us note here that according to relatives Magomedtagir Timirchiev disappeared on July 17 in Makhachkala, and Shamil Abdulmedjidov was kidnapped in the evening on July 17 in the suburb named Vinsovkhoz of the city of Khasavyurt.” (
Caucasian Knot, 18 July 2013)
“Most victims were registered in Dagestan, where in July 31 people suffered, including 23 killed persons and eight wounded ones.” (
Caucasian Knot, 13 August 2013)
August
“Yet another Sufi sheikh has been added to the list of those killed in Dagestan. On August 3, Sheikh Ilyas-haji Ilyasov, of the branch of Islamic teaching known as the Naqshbandiyya-Khalidiyya, was murdered. The sheikh had an estimated 500–1,000 murids (followers). Ilyasov was an ethnic Kumyk and the imam of the mosque in Alburikent, a suburb of Makhachkala. The cleric was killed as he was getting into a car to take him to the mosque for his evening sermon. Unidentified people in a black car fired from a handgun at Ilyasov and his driver, killing him on the spot. The driver died later in the hospital.“ (
Jamestown Foundation, 8 August 2013)
“On August 11, Major Revshan Lukmanov was shot dead by unidentified killer in his house in Makhachkala. […] Investigators see the main version of the murder of the UFSIN officer Revshan Lukmanov, the head of the regime division of SIZO-1 of Makhachkala, in his official duties. ‘The SIZO, where he worked, militants are kept among other detainees,’ a source from the Dagestani Department of the ICRF told the ‘Caucasian Knot’ correspondent.” (
Caucasian Knot, 13 August 2013b)
“On August 12, in the 17th kilometre of the highway Khasavyurt-Babayurt, a Lada Priora was shelled; and Eldar Magaramov, a retired employee of the UFSIN was killed. Apart from Magaramov, two more persons, including a four-year-old child, were shot dead.” (
Caucasian Knot, 13 August 2013b)
“During four days, on August 17-20, 16 suspected militants were killed in Dagestan, including Bammatkhan Sheikhov, the leader of the Buynaksk grouping, who claimed to be Amir of Dagestan. […] Let us remind you that on August 20, during the storm an apartment house in Buynaksk, according to power agents, 10 militants were killed, including Bammatkhan Sheikhov. A little earlier, in other areas of Dagestan six more militants were killed, namely: on August 17, during a skirmish in a wooded area near the village of Manas, three suspected militants were killed (so far, investigators have not announced their names, but Zaur Sheikhakhmedov, the head of the ‘Caspian gang’, might be among them); and three more militants were killed in the assault of a residential house in Khasavyurt on August 18.” (
Caucasian Knot, 22 August 2013)
September
“A person who was killed in a shootout with the police that occurred in Buynaksk was identified as Zaur Umarov. This was reported by the National Antiterrorist Committee (NAC). According to the NAC's information, the victim was a bomber of the ‘Buynaksk’ grouping. Let us remind you that in the evening of September 1, in Buynaksk, unidentified persons shelled a police squad. A policeman was wounded, and one of the attackers was killed.” (
Caucasian Knot, 2 September 2013)
“The Tsumada District of Dagestan carries out investigating and operational activities on the fact of the murder of teacher Ali Abdurazakov. ‘At present, it has been revealed that Ali Abdurazakov was murdered on the outskirts of the village on September 1, at about 1:00 a.m. He got wounds in various parts of his body and died in the place. According to his relatives' story, in the evening, Ali Abdurazakov went out to seek an animal that did not come back home. The relatives started to seek him, when he did not return after a couple of hours. They found his body late at night,’ Yegor Balashov, a representative of the Investigating Committee of the Russian Federation (ICRF) for Dagestan, has stated in his interview to the ‘Caucasian Knot’ correspondent. The representative of the ICRF has clarified that investigators have no main version of the murder. ‘Ali Abdurazakov could be murdered because two of his sons work in law enforcement bodies. Besides, it is also possible that Ali Abdurazakov stumbled upon members of illegal armed formations (IAFs),’ Yegor Balashov has stated.” (
Caucasian Knot, 1 September 2013)
“Unknown assailants have killed three police officers in a gun attack in Russia's volatile North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. […] Daghestani Interior Ministry officials say the incident took place in the republic's capital, Makhachkala, on September 3.“ (
RFE/RL, 3 September 2013)
“A resident of the Karabudakhkent District of Dagestan, killed in Kaspiisk, was a recruiter for militants. This was reported by a source at the Republic's Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA). Let us remind you that in the evening of September 4, at the entrance of the building located in No. 14 in Mira Street in Kaspiisk, two unidentified persons with pistols shot and killed Abas Zugumov, a native of the village of Gubden of the Karabudakhkent District of Dagestan.” (
Caucasian Knot, 5 September 2013)
“On September 7 in Derbent, near the City Police Division, unidentified criminals blew up a car belonging to a policeman. As a result, the policeman, who was a member of a special combat force of the Dagestani Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) – an elite unit that conducts counterterrorist operations, was killed.” (
Caucasian Knot, 9 September 2013)
“A religious and civil activist has been shot dead in Russia's volatile North Caucasus republic of Daghestan. Unknown attackers shot Abdulla Gappaev near his house in the city of Kizlyar overnight on September 15-16, according to Bilal Magomedov, an activist of the Union of Just party.” (
RFE/RL, 16 September 2013)
“The incident, in which a policeman was wounded, occurred on September 19 at Amet-Khan Sultan Avenue in Makhachkala. According to the investigators' preliminary data, Arif Magamadov, 27-year-old Police Lieutenant, was shot by two persons. The policeman died in hospital from gunshot wounds in different parts of his body.” (
Caucasian Knot, 20 September 2013)
“On September 21, at 3:30 p.m., in Akushinsky Street, a man was killed after he opened fire on policemen, when they asked him to present documents. The woman who was with him was wounded, said a source from the Dagestani Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) and added that according to preliminary data, the policemen killed Zaur Sheikhakhmedov, the leader of the so-called ‘Caspian’ bandit grouping. ‘According to the operative headquarters of the Russian National Antiterrorist Committee (NAC), in Dagestan, Sheikhakhmedov was directly involved in a number of terror-related crimes, in particular, he had planned and organized the terror act, committed on May 25, 2013,’ the RIA ‘Novosti’ quotes the NAC's statement.” (
Caucasian Knot, 21 September 2013)
“Police say at least two police officers were killed in a car-bomb explosion at a police station in Russia's restive North Caucasus region of Daghestan. The blast occurred early on September 23 at the Tabasaransky district police station. Russian media quoted police as saying the blast was carried out by a suspected suicide bomber. The bomb went off just outside the police station. Several other people, including civilians, were reported injured in the explosion.” (
RFE/RL, 23 September 2013)
“The Daghestani Interior Ministry said on September 25 that the leader of the so-called Kadar insurgency group, Tagir Sulebanov, and an associate were killed in an exchange of fire late on September 24 near the republic's capital, Makhachkala. An hour later, in a separate incident, police say they killed a man who turned out to be Sulebanov's father after he opened fire on officers. Sulebanov had been wanted by the police for years for his alleged involvement in numerous extortions, kidnappings, and killings.” (
RFE/RL, 25 September 2013a)
“A senior judge in Russia's restive North Caucasus republic of Daghestan has been killed along with his son in a shooting attack. Daghestan Supreme Court Judge Mukhtar Shapiyev and his son were gravely wounded when a gunman opened fire on their vehicle in the capital, Makhachkala, on September 25. They both died later in hospital. It is the second killing of a judge at Daghestan's highest court in less than a year.” (
RFE/RL, 25 September 2013b)
“Five alleged militants, including a woman, have been killed by security forces in Russia's volatile North Caucasus region of Daghestan. Police officials in the city of Derbent say a group of armed men were discovered by security troops in a private house in the city on September 27. The men refused to surrender, opening fire at security forces instead. Police and security forces then stormed the building.” (
RFE/RL, 27 September 2013)
“On September 28, a driver in the city of Kizilyurt refused a police order to stop and fired shots at the servicemen; he was killed by return fire. That same day, a police officer was killed in a car-chase incident in the city of Khasavyurt. Also on September 28, one police officer was killed and four were wounded in an armed clash in the central part of Makhachkala. One of the wounded officers died in the hospital the next day (http://www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/230807/).” (
Jamestown Foundation, 30 September 2013)
October
“Daghestan's Interior Ministry said that unknown attackers gunned down an off-duty police officer at a roadside cafe in Khasavyurt district on October 1.” (
RFE/RL, 2 October 2013)
“That same day, in the neighboring Kizilyurt district, an unknown person shot dead an inspector of a police-dog service as he was driving home.” (
RFE/RL, 2 October 2013)
“In a third incident, three police officers and three civilians were reportedly killed in a shootout with suspected militants that started in Daghestan's Levashi district on October 1 and lasted until the following morning. Police say they killed four militants.” (
RFE/RL, 2 October 2013)
“On Saturday in Khasavyurt, a member of the local ‘Khasavyurt’ terrorist grouping was killed in a shootout, said the spokesman of the Chief Department of Russia's MIA for the NCFD.” (
Caucasian Knot, 12 October 2013)
“On October 15, an explosion occurred in an abandoned house in the outskirt of the village of Kuma, the Lak District of Dagestan. According to a local resident, one person was killed. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) of Dagestan, nobody was hurt by the explosion. Alerted policemen cordoned off the house. When screening the forest belt in the outskirt of the village, a shooting burst out; one policeman was wounded and later died.” (
Caucasian Knot, 21 October 2013)
“On October 17, an armed skirmish burst out in Khasavyurt. A police patrol unit tried to check documents of the driver of a car they stopped. In response, the driver opened pistol fire, wounding a policeman and an occasional passerby. The driver of the car was killed in a shootout. Later, the wounded policeman died in hospital.” (
Caucasian Knot, 21 October 2013)
“An official of the Investigative Committee's branch in the capital of Russia's North Caucasus Republic of Daghestan, Makhachkala, has been killed in a bomb attack. Russia's Investigative Committee officials in Makhachkala say that Ramazan Ramazanov died in hospital after he sustained serious injuries in the October 24 attack.” (
RFE/RL, 24 October 2013)
“Russian officials say that two gunmen who were carrying a powerful explosive device have been killed in Russia's North Caucasus Republic of Daghestan. A spokesman for the National Antiterrorist Committee said the two were killed when police attempted to stop a car at a checkpoint in the Vinsovkhoz district in Khasavyurt.” (
RFE/RL, 25 October 2013)
“Two people have been killed and at least 15 injured when two bombs exploded in the capital of Russia's North Caucasus Republic of Daghestan. Daghestan's Interior Ministry says all injured in the the October 30 attack have been taken to hospital. The attack apparently targeted a liquor store in Makhachkala.” (
RFE/RL, 30 October 2013)
“In the morning of October 31, in the village of Komsomolskoe, Magomed Gadjiev, the former head of the Kizilyurt District of Dagestan, was shot dead by unidentified persons in his current workplace. His bodyguard was wounded, investigators report.” (
Caucasian Knot, 31 October 2013)
November
“A specialist of the Ministry of Finance of Dagestan was killed today in Makhachkala, said the law enforcement bodies of the republic. A source from the investigation has specified that Murad Kasimov, an employee of the Ministry, fell victim to the attackers.” (
Caucasian Knot, 2 November 2013)
“A judge has been shot dead in Makhachkala, the capital of Russia's North Caucasus Republic of Daghestan. The Russian Investigative Committee's branch in Daghestan says two unknown men shot judge Zainudin Madanov in Makhachkala on November 4. Madanov died at the scene. The report comes hours after Russia's National Anti-Terror Committee said that three suspected members of an illegal armed group were killed by security forces in Daghestan's Lak District.” (
RFE/RL, 4 November 2013)
“On November 4, in a wooded area near the village of Shaitli in the Tsuntin District of Dagestan, special force fighters clashed with a grouping of suspected members of illegal armed formations (IAFs). As a result, a special force fighter was killed, and another one was wounded. The accurate data on the losses of IAF members were not reported.” (
Caucasian Knot, 11 November 2013)
“In the morning on November 6, in the village of Zubutli-Miatli of the Kizilyurt District of Dagestan, three unidentified persons shelled a car of Mikail Magomedov, Senior District Police Inspector. The policeman died from the wounds.” (
Caucasian Knot, 11 November 2013)
“On November 6, near the house No. 10 located in Shamil Avenue in Makhachkala, unidentified persons shelled Police Major Girametdin Gamidov, Senior District Police Inspector. The policeman died from the gunshot wounds.” (
Caucasian Knot, 11 November 2013)
“At least one person was killed and one wounded in a bomb attack on a grocery store in the capital of Russia's North Caucasus republic of Daghestan, Makhachkala. The Daghestani Interior Ministry says that the attack on November 8 destroyed the store.” (
RFE/RL, 8 November 2013)
“On November 8, near the house in Salman Street in Derbent, four armed men in masks and camouflage stopped the car of a director of a food warehouse, moved him to the back seat and escaped in the car. The body of the director was found on November 9.” (
Caucasian Knot, 11 November 2013)
“On November 10, the CTO regime was introduced in the Tabasaran District. During carrying out the operational and search activities, federal forces fighters attempted to stop a VAZ-2109 car. Persons from the case opened fire on power agents. One of the passengers from the car was killed in a fire fight.” (
Caucasian Knot, 11 November 2013)
“As reported by law enforcement bodies of Dagestan, five militants were killed during the storming of a house in Semender, including Dmitry Sokolov, who is regarded to have been involved in the terror act committed in Volgograd.” (
Caucasian Knot, 16 November 2013)
“The killed participant of the today's attacks on police units in Makhachkala was identified as Ruslan Kazanbiev, a helper to the organizer of the terror act in Volgograd, said a source from law enforcement bodies of Dagestan. The ‘Caucasian Knot’ has reported that the above attacks resulted in the death of two policemen and one civilian; two other policemen were wounded.” (
Caucasian Knot, 19 November 2013)
“20.11.2013 - Im Rahmen einer Spezialoperation werden in Machatschkala (Dagestan) zwei Untergrundkämpfer getötet, die als Drahtzieher des Selbstmordattentates in Wolgograd bezeichnet werden.” (
Universität Bremen, 22 November 2013, p. 33)
“Two members of illegal armed formations (IAFs) and their two female helpers have been killed in an attempt to render armed resistance in the village of Novosasitli, Khasavyurt District, said the spokesperson of the Investigating Department (ID) for Dagestan of the Investigating Committee of the Russian Federation (ICRF). The ‘Caucasian Knot’ has reported that on Wednesday in Novosasitli power agents held a special operation and blocked a house, where, according to intelligence data, there were two alleged IAF members and the wife of one of them. The house was stormed.” (
Caucasian Knot, 20 November 2013)
“The ‘Caucasian Knot’ has reported that on November 22 a police patrol unit was attacked in the Tabasaran District of Dagestan. The attacker was killed by return fire.” (
Caucasian Knot, 22 November 2013)
“The person killed today during a special operation in the Shamil District has been preliminarily identified as Murad Magomedov, said the spokesman of the Department for Dagestan of the Investigating Committee of the Russian Federation (ICRF).” (
Caucasian Knot, 22 November 2013)
“An explosion occurred in Makhachkala and killed one person, a source from the Dagestani Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) told the ‘Caucasian Knot’ correspondent. According to the source, the casualty himself could have carried a homemade bomb. ‘The incident occurred at about 8:30 p.m. in Gogol Street. One person died. Presumably, he was carrying an improvised explosive device (IED). Nobody else was hurt,’ the source told the ‘Caucasian Knot’ correspondent.” (
Caucasian Knot, 23 November 2013)
“Unknown assailants have gunned down a police officer in Russia's Republic of Daghestan in the volatile North Caucasus region. Daghestan's Interior Ministry says the incident took place early in the morning in the republic’s western city of Khasavyurt. The 26-year-old police lieutenant, whose name was not made public, died after the attackers opened gunfire on his automobile. A passenger, who was inside the vehicle, was injured in the attack.” (
RFE/RL, 25 November 2013)
“Gasan Abataev, the leader of the ‘Caspian’ militants' grouping, was preliminarily identified among those killed in a suburban township of Novy Khushet of Makhachkala. He and two others casualties were active members of the ‘Makhachkala’ grouping, the Russian National Antiterrorist Committee (NAC) has reported. Let us remind you that on November 26, after a shootout of power agents with suspected militants, the above township was put under the counterterrorist operation (CTO) regime. This morning, security officials have announced a completion of the special operation. The NAC has confirmed the killing of three militants.” (
Caucasian Knot, 27 November 2013)
December
“Security forces in Russia's North Caucasus Republic of Daghestan have killed at least five alleged militants in the western Khasavyurt district. Daghestani Interior Ministry officials say the suspects were killed in a special operation on December 5. The operation is continuing.” (
RFE/RL, 5 December 2013)
“Russian Investigative Committee officials in Daghestan say that gunmen opened fire on a vehicle belonging to a senior lieutenant of the Federal Security Service department in the western city of Khasavyurt on December 9. The officer, whose name was not made public, died at the scene.” (
RFE/RL, 9 December 2013)
“According to the Russian National Antiterrorist Committee (NAC), Magomed Khalitov, the leader of the local terrorist grouping, has been killed as a result of the special operation in the Shamil District in Dagestan. The ‘Caucasian Knot’ has reported that on December 9 militants wounded an investigator in the vicinity of the village of Khebda in the Shamil District. The area was put under the counterterrorist operation (CTO) regime. In the morning, power agents found and blocked a dugout with alleged members of the armed underground inside. According to preliminary data of security forces, there were two persons in the dugout. One of them was killed and later identified as Magomed Khalitov, the leader of the local grouping, involved, in particular, in the murder of a village head, the ‘Interfax’ reports with reference to the NAC. According to the NAC, there are no victims among civilians; one law enforcer was wounded. The fate of the second blocked militant is still unknown. According to local residents, both suspected militants were killed in the armed clash.” (
Caucasian Knot, 10 December 2013)
“Last night, in the Akhvakh District of Dagestan, armed men initiated a shootout with policemen. Criminals took hostage from local residents; however, the hostages managed to escape during the shootout. This was reported by the investigating agencies. Earlier, a source from law enforcement agencies has reported that the counterterrorist operation (CTO) regime was introduced in the village of Tlibisho after the armed clash between militants and law enforcers, during which one policeman was killed and another one was wounded.” (
Caucasian Knot, 13 December 2013)
SOURCES: (all links accessed 18 December 2013)
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AI – Amnesty International: Amnesty International Report 2012 - The State of the World's Human Rights, 24 May 2012 [ID 217500]
http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/russia/report-2012
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AI – Amnesty International: Amnesty International Report 2013 - The State of the World's Human Rights - Russian Federation, 23 May 2013 [ID 248036]
http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/russia/report-2013
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AI – Amnesty International: Another lawyer killed in Dagestan: The Russian authorities must find Magomed Guchuchaliev’s killers and bring them to justice [EUR 46/030/2013], 15 July 2013 [ID 252934]
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR46/030/2013/en/6b1b4f5c-1a1e-4c45-9149-82a18fb865be/eur460302013en.pdf
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http://www.amnesty.de/journal/2013/oktober/hinter-den-bergen
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21357084
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http://www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5415
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http://cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5749
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http://www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5878
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CACI – Central Asia Caucasus Institute: What Does Amirov's Arrest Imply For Dagestan?, 26 June 2013 [ID 254727]
http://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/12756-attacks-in-dagestan-suggest-inefficiency-of-administrative-changes.html
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Caucasian Knot: In January, 62 persons fell victim to the armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 12 February 2013 [248453]
http://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/23874/
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Caucasian Knot: In February, 65 persons fell victim to the armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 7 March 2013 [ID 247219]
http://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/23813/
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Caucasian Knot: In March 2013, 72 persons fell victim to the armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 13 April 2013 [ID 247696]
http://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/23816/
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Caucasian Knot: In April 2013, 67 persons fell victims to armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 8 May 2013 [ID 249271]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/23981/
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Caucasian Knot: In May 2013, 147 people fell victim to armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 15 June 2013 [ID 253279]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/24515/
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Caucasian Knot: Committee of Inquiry of Russia: the state of the persons wounded during an assault at an Imam in Dagestan remains grave, 24 June 2013 [ID 251082]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/24708/
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Caucasian Knot: Ismailov: delegate of future Kumyk Parliament killed in Dagestan, 27 June 2013 [ID 251961]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/24911/
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Caucasian Knot: In June 2013, 82 persons fell victim to armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 16 July 2013a [ID 253133]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25199/
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Caucasian Knot: In Dagestan, primary school teacher shot dead, 16 July 2013b [ID 253138]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25197/
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Caucasian Knot: Dagestani MIA announces killing of people earlier claimed as kidnapped by relatives, 18 July 2013 [ID 253417]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25221/
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Caucasian Knot: In July 2013, 65 people fell victim to the armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 13 August 2013a [ID 256974]
http://northosetia.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25510/
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Caucasian Knot: Investigators see no links between murders of SIZO employee and ex-UFSIN worker in Dagestan, 13 August 2013b [ID 257768]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25459/
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Caucasian Knot: More suspected militants killed in special operation in Buynaksk on August 20 than in all of July in Dagestan, 22 August 2013 [ID 256640]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25557/
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Caucasian Knot: MIA: Ali Abdurazakov is the third teacher murdered in Dagestan in 2013, 1 September 2013 [ID 257470]
http://northosetia.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25652/
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Caucasian Knot: NAC: person killed in Buynaksk identified as Zaur Umarov, 2 September 2013 [ID 257469]
http://northosetia.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25653/
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Caucasian Knot: Abas Zugumov, killed in Kaspiisk, was militants' recruiter, police asserts, 5 September 2013 [ID 257703]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25691/
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Caucasian Knot: During the week of September 2-8 ten persons suffered in armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 9 September 2013 [ID 262134]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25732/
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Caucasian Knot: In August 2013, 76 people fell victim to armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 10 September 2013 [ID 259535]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25782/
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Caucasian Knot: Attackers on policeman in Makhachkala made over 20 shots, 20 September 2013 [ID 261289]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25841/
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Caucasian Knot: NAC: person killed in Makhachkala was involved in May terror act, 21 September 2013 [ID 261317]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/25855/
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Caucasian Knot: Member of "Khasavyurt" terrorist grouping killed in Dagestan, MIA reports, 12 October 2013 [ID 260357]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26047/
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Caucasian Knot: On October 14-20, 2013, 12 persons fell victim to armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 21 October 2013 [ID 262137]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26178/
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Caucasian Knot: Dagestan: Magomed Gadjiev, ex-head of Kizilyurt District, assassinated, 31 October 2013 [ID 264001]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26233/
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Caucasian Knot: Employee of Dagestani Ministry of Finance shot dead in Makhachkala, 2 November 2013 [ID 261951]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26259/
-
Caucasian Knot: On November 4-10, 2013, 20 persons fell victim to armed conflict in Northern Caucasus, 11 November 2013 [ID 264480]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26334/
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Caucasian Knot: Five persons killed in assault of blocked house in Semender, 16 November 2013 [ID 262896]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26392/
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Caucasian Knot: Attacker on policemen killed in Makhachkala identified as Ruslan Kazanbiev, 19 November 2013 [ID 263246]
http://southosetia.eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26414/
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Caucasian Knot: Two men and two women assassinated in Dagestani village of Novosasitli, investigators report, 20 November 2013 [ID 264494]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26420/
-
Caucasian Knot: ICRF: persons assassinated in Tabasaran and Shamil Districts of Dagestan identified, 22 November 2013 [ID 263437]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26446/
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Caucasian Knot: MIA: bomb carrier was killed by explosion in Makhachkala, 23 November 2013 [ID 263429]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26452/
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Caucasian Knot: NAC: persons killed near Makhachkala preliminarily identified as members of the local militants' grouping, 27 November 2013 [ID 265010]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26495/
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Caucasian Knot: NAC: leader of "Shamil" grouping killed in Dagestan, 10 December 2013 [ID 264815]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26625/
-
Caucasian Knot: ICRF: Dagestani policeman was killed, when rescuing local hostages, 13 December 2013 [ID 265340]
http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/26653/
-
ICG - International Crisis Group: The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (I), Ethnicity and Conflict, 19 October 2012a (available at ecoi.net) [ID 229350]
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1350913897_220-the-north-caucasus-the-challenges-of-integration-i-ethnicity-and-conflict.pdf
-
ICG - International Crisis Group: The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (II), Islam, the Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency, 19 October 2012b (available at ecoi.net) [ID 229353]
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1350914169_221-the-north-caucasus-the-challenges-of-integration-ii-islam-the-insurgency-and-counter-insurgency.pdf
-
IWPR – Institute for War and Peace Reporting: Implications of Chechen Parliament Raid, 25 October 2010 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 148405]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/148405/249577_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Support for Salafists Among Dagestani Youth Reaches Record Level, North Caucasus Analysis Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 14 December 2011 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 216670]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/216670/323187_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Instability in Southern Dagestan widens despite deaths of militant leaders, North Caucasus Analysis Volume: 13 Issue: 10, 17 May 2012 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 221940]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/221940/329319_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Dagestan's Security Situation Remains Problematic Despite Increased Military Presence, North Caucasus Analysis Volume: 13 Issue: 13, 28 June 2012 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 221936]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/221936/329313_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Political Reforms Still Possible in the North Caucasus; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 9 Issue: 199, 31 October 2012 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 230491]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/230491/338886_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Violence in Dagestan Accelerated in 2012; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 10 January 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 235015]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/235015/343907_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Dagestan's Delicate Ethnic Balance Is Under Threat; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 13, 24 January 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 236551]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/236551/359424_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Dagestan's New Leaders Faces an Upsurge in Insurgent Activities; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 23, 7 February 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 238115]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/238115/347201_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: No Letup in Insurgent Violence in Dagestan; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 38, 28 February 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 239968]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/239968/349297_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Dagestan's Conflict Grinds On; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 48, 14 March 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 242270]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/242270/351820_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Government Forces in Dagestan Crack Down on Militant Stronghold in Gimry; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 70, 15 April 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 244588]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/244588/354438_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Dagestan's Bloodshed Continues To Grow; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 89, 10 May 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 247079]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/247079/357245_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Kremlin Effort to Subdue Clans in Dagestan Likely to Backfire; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 119, 24 June 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 251024]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/251024/362027_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Acting Head of Dagestan Says Government May Amnesty Militants; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 124, 8 July 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 252357]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/252357/363496_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Abdulatipov Crackdown Emulates Soviet-Era Methods in Dagestan; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 134, 22 July 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 253591]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/253591/364886_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Murder of Leading Dagestani Cleric Signals Deepening Crisis in Sufi Hierarchy; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 147, 8 August 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 255216]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/255216/366709_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: So Far, New Dagestani President’s Reforms Appear to Bring More Violence; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 173, 30 September 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 259427]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/259427/372019_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Government Forces Ramp Up Activities in Dagestan after Volgograd Attack; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 192, 28 October 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 261412]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/261412/374640_en.html
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Jamestown Foundation: Moscow Strives to Break the Resistance of Dagestani Militants; Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 201, 8 November 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 262474]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/262474/375861_en.html
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Memorial Human Rights Center: "Новый курс" Магомедова? Причины гражданского противостояния, ситуация с правами человека и попытки консолидации общества в Республике Дагестан (март 2010 - март 2011 гг.), 4 September 2012 [ID 242284]
http://www.memo.ru/uploads/files/846.pdf
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RFE/RL – Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Radicalization Splitting Society In Russia's North Caucasus, 4 November 2011 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 205155]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/205155/310285_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Two Killed In Daghestan Police Operation, 12 January 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 235045]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/235045/343938_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Gunman Kills Supreme Court Judge In Daghestan, 16 January 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 235645]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/235645/344558_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Policeman Shot In Daghestan, 8 February 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 238124]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/238124/347210_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Five Suspected Militants Killed In Daghestan, 12 February 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 238375]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/238375/347502_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Security Officers Shoot Three Dead In Daghestan, 17 February 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 238593]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/238593/347738_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Religious Cleric Murdered In Daghestan, 4 March 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 240287]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/240287/349640_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Suspected Militants Killed In Daghestan Operation, 21 March 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 242472]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/242472/352054_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Antiterrorist Operation Under Way In Daghestan, 12 April 2013a (available at ecoi.net) [ID 245032]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/245032/354956_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Deadly Violence Rocks Daghestan, 12 April 2013b (available at ecoi.net) [ID 244788]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/244788/354681_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Gang Leader Killed In Daghestan Shootout, 27 April 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 245995]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/245995/356020_en.html
-
RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Deaths Reported In Daghestan Bombings, 20 May 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 247959]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/247959/358248_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Suicide Attack Hits Daghestan Capital, 25 May 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 248770]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/248770/359105_en.html
-
RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Police Killed In Daghestan Shoot-Out, 11 June 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 250016]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/250016/360530_en.html
-
RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Suspected Militant Killed, Four Officers Wounded In Daghestan, 27 June 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 251366]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/251366/362398_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Journalist Assassinated In Daghestan, 9 July 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 252378]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/252378/363517_en.html
-
RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Gunmen Kill Four Policemen In Daghestan, 15 July 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 252999]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/252999/364229_en.html
-
RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Three Police Officers Killed In Daghestan, 3 September 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 257392]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/257392/369540_en.html
-
RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Religious Activist Shot Dead In Daghestan, 16 September 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 258559]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/258559/371016_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Blast At Daghestan Police Station Kills Two, 23 September 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 258876]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/258876/371376_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Warlord, His Father, Associate Killed In Daghestan, 25 September 2013a (available at ecoi.net) [ID 259303]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/259303/371870_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Senior Judge Killed In Attack In Daghestan, 25 September 2013b (available at ecoi.net) [ID 259304]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/259304/371871_en.html
-
RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Suspected Militants Killed In Daghestan, 27 September 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 259305]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/259305/371872_en.html
-
RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Eight Killed In Daghestan Violence, 2 October 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 259445]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/259445/372037_en.html
-
RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Daghestani Investigator Killed In Bombing Attack, 24 October 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 261137]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/261137/374300_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Two Gunmen Carrying Explosives Killed In Daghestan, 25 October 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 261293]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/261293/374479_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Deadly Bombing At Daghestani Liquor Store, 30 October 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 261671]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/261671/374935_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Judge Gunned Down In Makhachkala, 4 November 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 261906]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/261906/375188_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: One Killed In Daghestani Store Bombing, 8 November 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 262325]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/262325/375684_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Police Officer Killed In Daghestan, 25 November 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 263519]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/263519/377018_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Gunman Killed In Daghestan, 5 December 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 264431]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/264431/378151_en.html
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RFE/RL - Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Security Officer Gunned Down In Daghestan, 9 December 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 264606]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/264606/378385_en.html
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SFH – Schweizerische Flüchtlingshilfe: Nordkaukasus: Sicherheits- und Menschenrechtslage, 12 September 2011 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 202019]
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1788_1316165361_nordkaukasus-sicherheits-und-menschenrechtslage-2011.pdf
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SWP - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik: Trennlinien und Schnittstellen zwischen Nord- und Südkaukasus, June 2012 [ID 218896]
http://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/aktuell/2012A31_hlb.pdf
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Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa: Russlandanalysen Nr. 220, 20 May 2011 [ID 160741]
http://www.laender-analysen.de/russland/pdf/Russlandanalysen220.pdf
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Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa: Russlandanalysen Nr. 252, 22 February 2013 [ID 239691]
http://www.laender-analysen.de/russland/pdf/Russlandanalysen252.pdf
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Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa: Russlandanalysen Nr. 256, 3 May 2013 [ID 246554]
http://www.laender-analysen.de/russland/pdf/Russlandanalysen256.pdf
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Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa: Russlandanalysen Nr. 257, 17 May 2013 [ID 249017]
http://www.laender-analysen.de/russland/pdf/Russlandanalysen257.pdf
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Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa: Russlandanalysen Nr. 258, 31 May 2013 [ID 249019]
http://www.laender-analysen.de/russland/pdf/Russlandanalysen258.pdf
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Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa: Russlandanalysen Nr. 259, 14 June 2013 [ID 250601]
http://www.laender-analysen.de/russland/pdf/Russlandanalysen259.pdf
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Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa: Russlandanalysen Nr. 261, 12 July 2013 [ID 250601]
http://www.laender-analysen.de/russland/pdf/Russlandanalysen261.pdf
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Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa: Russlandanalysen Nr. 264, 11 October 2013 [ID 260746]
http://www.laender-analysen.de/russland/pdf/RusslandAnalysen264.pdf
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Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa: Russlandanalysen Nr. 267, 12 November 2013 [ID 263584]
http://www.laender-analysen.de/russland/pdf/RusslandAnalysen267.pdf
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USDOS – US Department of State: Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2011 - Russia, 24 May 2012 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 217664]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/217664/324294_en.html
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USDOS – US Department of State: Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2012 - Russia, 19 April 2013 (available at ecoi.net) [ID 245202]
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/245202/355126_en.html