10.2003 - Source: UK Home Office

Spoken Living Languages [ID 12096]

Document(s): Open document

2002 - Source:

Ethnologue.com: Languages of Sudan ("Ethnologue.com: Languages of Sudan") [ID 12097]

"Republic of the Sudan. Jamhuryat as-Sudan. National or official language: Standard Arabic. 28,292,000 (1998 UN). Literacy rate 20% to 27%. Information mainly from M.L. Bender 1976, 1983, 1989; T. Schadeberg 1981; P. Doornbos and M.L. Bender 1983; R. Stevenson 1984; J. Bendor-Samuel 1989. Sunni Muslim, traditional religion, Christian, secular. Blind population 110,000 (1982 WCE). Deaf institutions: 1. Data accuracy estimate: A2, B. The number of languages listed for Sudan is 142. Of those, 134 are living languages and 8 are extinct. Diversity index 0.56.

Spoken Living Languages

ACHERON
[ACZ] Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, southern Nuba Hills. Alternate names: GARME. Dialects: EASTERN ACHERON, WESTERN ACHERON. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Talodi Proper, Tocho.

ACHOLI
[ACO] 27,000 in Sudan (1978 SIL). Southern Sudan, Opari District, Acholi Hills. Alternate names: ACOLI, ATSCHOLI, SHULI, GANG, LWO, AKOLI, ACOOLI, LOG ACOLI, DOK ACOLI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Southern, Luo-Acholi, Alur-Acholi, Lango-Acholi.

AFITTI
[AFT] 4,512 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills, eastern Jebel ed Dair. Main center is Sidra. Alternate names: DITTI, UNIETTI, AFFITTI, DINIK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Nyimang.

AJA
[AJA] 200 (1993 R. Brown SIL). Southern Sudan, Western Bahr el Ghazal Province. Also reported to be in the western CAR, along the Sudan border, near the Shinko and Sapo rivers. Alternate names: AJJA, ADJA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Kresh.


AKA
[SOH] A few hundred (1989 Bender). Northern Sudan, Sillok (Silak) Hills, west of the main Berta-speaking people. Alternate names: SILLOK, JEBELS SILLOK, JEBEL SILAK, FA-C-AKA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Eastern Jebel, Aka-Kelo-Molo.


AMA
[NYI] 70,000 (1982 SIL). Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, northwest of Dilling on range of hills of which Jebel Nyimang is a part, and on the Mandal range. Alternate names: NYIMANG, INYIMANG, NYIMA, NYIMAN. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Nyimang.


ANUAK
[ANU] 52,000 in Sudan (1991 UBS). Population total both countries 98,000. Alternate names: ANYWAK, ANYWA, YAMBO, JAMBO, NURO, ANYUAK, DHO ANYWAA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Anuak.


ARABIC, STANDARD
[ABV] Middle East, North Africa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.


ARABIC, SUDANESE CREOLE
[PGA] 20,000 first language and 44,000 second language speakers in Juba alone (1987 estimate). Southern Sudan, in the towns and many villages all over Equatoria Region, and up into Bahr al Ghazal and Upper Nile regions. Refugees have gone to other countries. Alternate names: JUBA ARABIC, SOUTHERN SUDAN ARABIC, PIDGIN ARABIC. Classification: Creole, Arabic based.


ARABIC, SUDANESE SPOKEN
[APD] 15,000,000 or more in Sudan, 51% of population (1991). Population total all countries 16,000,000 to 19,000,000. Alternate names: KHARTOUM ARABIC. Dialects: KHARTOUM, WESTERN SUDANESE, NORTH KORDOFAN ARABIC, JA'ALI, SHUKRI. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.


AVOKAYA
[AVU] 15,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL), including 2,800 Ajigu and 12,000 Ojila. Southern Sudan, Western Equatoria Province. The Ajiga dialect is north of Yei and south of Maridi, the Ojila dialect is mainly between the Naam (Era) and Olo rivers and farther east. Alternate names: ABUKEIA, AVUKAYA. Dialects: OJILA (ODZILA, ODZILIWA), AJIGU (ADJIGA, OJIGA, AGAMORU). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central.


BAI
[BDJ] 2,500 (1971 Welmers). Southern Sudan, Western District, on Wau-Deim Zubeir road, west of Sere. A few north of Tembura. 2 villages. Alternate names: BARI. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Sere-Bviri, Bai-Viri.


BAKA
[BDH] 25,000 in Sudan (1993 UBS). Population total both countries 26,300. Alternate names: TARA BAAKA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Baka.


BANDA, MID-SOUTHERN
[BJO] Southern Sudan, town of Sopo, near CAR border, and refugees in Khartoum. Dialects: DUKPU, WASA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Mid-Southern.

BANDA, TOGBO-VARA
[TOR] Southern Sudan. Dialects: TOGBO (TOHGBOH, TAGBO). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Togbo-Vara.


BANDA, WEST CENTRAL
[BBP] 3,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL). Between Wau and Mboro. Alternate names: GOLO. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, West Central.


BANDA-BANDA
[BPD] Southern Sudan, town of Sopo near CAR border. Refugees in Khartoum. Dialects: GOVORO (GOVHOROH), VIDIRI (MVEDERE, VODERE, VIDRI, VADARA), WUNDU. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Banda-Banda.


BANDA-MBRÈS
[BQK] Southern Sudan, town of Sopo, near the CAR border, and refugees in Khartoum. Alternate names: BANDA OF MBRÉS, BANDA-MBRE. Dialects: BUKA (BOUKA), MBRE (MBERE, MBELE), MORUBA (MOROUBA, MARABA), SABANGA (SANGBANGA), WADA (OUADDA). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Banda-Mbres.


BANDA-NDÉLÉ
[BFL] Southern Sudan, town of Sopo near the CAR border, and refugees in Khartoum. Alternate names: BANDA OF NDÉLÉ, NYELE. Dialects: JUNGURU (DJINGBURU, NGURU), TANGBAGO (TAMBOLO, TAMBAGGO, TOMBAGGO, TANGAGO), BANDA-KPAYA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Banda-Ndele.


BARI
[BFA] 226,000 in Sudan (1978 SIL), including 26,400 in Kuku, 18,000 in Nyangbara, 3,400 in Nyepu, 25,000 in Pojulu. Population total both countries 286,000 or more. Alternate names: BERI. Dialects: KUKU, NYANGBARA (NYANGWARA, NYAMBARA), NYEPU (NYEFU, NYEPO, NYPHO, NGYEPU), PÖJULU (PAJULU, FADJULU, FAJELU, MADI), LIGO (LIGGO). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Bari.


BEDAWI
[BEI] 951,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL) including 30,000 Hadendoa, 15,000 Bisharin (1992). Population total all countries 1,148,000. Alternate names: BEJA, BEDAWIYE, BEDAUYE, TO-BEDAWIE, BEDJA. Dialects: HADENDOA (HADENDOWA, HADENDIWA), HADAREB (HADAAREB), BISHARIN (BISARIAB), BENI-AMIR. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, North.

BELANDA BOR
[BXB] 8,000 (1983 SIL). Southern Sudan, on the main road south of Wau. Alternate names: DE BOR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Bor.


BELANDA VIRI
[BVI] 16,000 (1971 Welmers). Southern Sudan, scattered, around Raffili, on the Wau road, on the Kuru River, 40 miles from Deim Zubeir, around Tembura among the Zande, on the Iba River near Yambio. Alternate names: VIRI, BVIRI, BIRI, GUMBA, GAMBA, MBEGUMBA, MVEGUMBA, BELANDA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Sere-Bviri, Bai-Viri.


BELI
[BLM] 6,600 including 5,000 Beli, 1,600 Sopi (1982 SIL). Southern Sudan. One group is southwest of Rumbek, at Wulu, westward along the road to Bahr Gel and south toward the southern border of Lakes Province. In some areas they are heavily intermingled with Dinka. Another group lives east of Mvolo and has no links with the first group. They are centered around Bahri Girinti (Lake Nyiropo) just west of Yei River. Alternate names: BEHLI, BEILI, JUR BELI, 'BELI. Dialects: WULU, BAHRI GIRINTI, SOPI (SUPI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli.


BERTA
[WTI] 22,000. Northern Sudan. Alternate names: BARTA, BURTA, 'BENI SHANGUL', WETAWIT. Dialects: SHURU, BAKE, UNDU, MAYU, FADASHI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Berta.


BOGURU
[BQU] Population total both countries 494 and more (1997). Alternate names: KOGURU, KOGORO, BUGURU. Dialects: BOGURU, BUKUR (BUKUM, BUKURU). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Huku (D.30).


BONGO
[BOT] 5,000 to 10,000 (1987 SIL). A large sparsely populated area reaching from Tonj and Wau on the north, the Beli on the east, the Zande on the south, and the Bor on the west. Alternate names: BUNGU, DOR. Dialects: BUSERE BONGO, TONJ BONGO, BUNGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Bongo.


BURUN
[BDI] 18,000 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Northern Sudan, Blue Nile Province. Alternate names: BARUN, LANGE, CAI, BORUN. Dialects: RAGREIG, ABULDUGU (BOGON, MUGO-MBORKOINA), MAIAK, MUFWA (MOPO), MUGHAJA (MUGAJA, MUMUGHADJA). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Maban-Burun, Burun.

DAGIK
[DEC] (38,000 with Ngile; 1982 SIL). Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, Nuba Mts., on some outlying hills in Mesakin Hills, Reika village. Alternate names: MASAKIN, MASAKIN DAGIG, DAGIG, REIKHA, DENGEBU. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Talodi Proper, Ngile-Dengebu.


DAIR
[DRB] 1,000 (1978 GR). Northern Sudan, west and south parts of Jebel Dair, Kordofan. Alternate names: DAIER, THAMINYI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Central, Hill, Unclassified.


DAJU, DAR FUR
[DAJ] 70,000 to 90,000 all Daju in Dar Fur (1983 Bender). Northern Sudan, Dar Fur Province, in the Daju Hills 25 miles northeast of Nyala. Also in Geneina District in Dar Masalit. The West Kordofan dialect is in the Daju Hills near Lagowa, with main settlements at Dar el Kabira, Nyukri, and Tamanyik and other hills. Alternate names: NYALA-LAGOWA, FININGA, DAGU, DAJU FERNE, BEKE. Dialects: NYALA, LAGOWA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Western Daju.


DAJU, DAR SILA
[DAU] Northern Sudan. Nearly all those Daju of Dar Sila who are in Sudan have migrated into Dar Fur and settled there in recent times. Alternate names: SILA, SULA, MONGO-SILA, BOKOR, BOKORUGE, BOKORIKE. Dialects: MONGO, SILA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Western Daju.


DIDINGA
[DID] 58,000 (1978 SIL). Southern Sudan, Didinga Hills and north of Nagishot. Alternate names: 'DI'DINGA, XAROXA, TOI, LANGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Didinga-Longarim.


DILLING
[DIL] 5,295 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Southern Kordofan, town of Dilling and surrounding hills, including Kudr. Alternate names: DELEN, WARKI, WARKIMBE. Dialects: DILLING, DEBRI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Central, Hill, Unclassified.


DINKA, NORTHEASTERN
[DIP] 320,000 (1986 UBS) including 7,200 Abialang, 9,000 Dongjol, 2,500 Luac, 16,000 Ngok-Sobat, 20,000 Jok, 13,500 Ageer, 2,000 Rut, 400 Thoi. Southern Sudan, northeast of the Sudd, along both sides of the White Nile, and along the Sobat River. Alternate names: PADANG, WHITE NILE DINKA. Dialects: ABILIANG (DINKA IBRAHIM, AKOON, BAWOM, BOWOM), DONGJOL, LUAC (LUAIC), NGOK-SOBAT (NGORK, JOK), AGEER (AGER, AGEIR, ABUYA, BEER, NIEL, NYEL, PALOC, PALOIC), RUT, THOI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Dinka.

DINKA, NORTHWESTERN
[DIW] 80,000 Ruweng (1986). Southern Sudan, north of the Bahr el Ghazal River, and southern Kordofan around Abyei. Dialects: ALOR, NGOK-KORDOFAN, PAN ARU, RUWENG. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Dinka.


DINKA, SOUTH CENTRAL
[DIB] 250,000 including 2,000 Aker, 2,000 Thany, 22,000 Ciec, 25,000 Gok (Tucker and Bryan). (Total Dinka 2,000,000 or more. Southern Sudan, west of the Nile, south of the Sudd. Aker is southeast of the Agar; Aliap is south of the Bor in a few fishing villages mainly on the east bank of the Nile. Ciec is in Lakes District on the west bank of the Nile. Gok is between the Agar and the Rek in Jur River and Lakes districts. Alternate names: AGAR, CENTRAL DINKA. Dialects: ALIAP (ALIAB, THANY, AKER), CIEC (CIEM, CIC, CHIECH, KWAC, AJAK, ADOR), GOK (GAUK, COK), AGAR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Dinka.


DINKA, SOUTHEASTERN
[DIN] 250,000 including 21,000 Atoc, 9,000 Ghol, 4,000 Nyarueng, 35,000 Twi, 21,000 Bor Gok (Tucker and Bryan). 500,000 including South Central (Agar) and Southeastern (Bor) (1982 UBS). Southern Sudan, east of the Nile, around Bor and northwards. Alternate names: BOR, EASTERN DINKA. Dialects: BOR (BOR GOK), ATHOC (ATHOIC, ATOC, BORATHOI, BOR ATHOIC), GHOL, NYARWENG (NYARUENG, NARREWENG), TUIC (TWI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Dinka.


DINKA, SOUTHWESTERN
[DIK] 450,000 (1982 UBS) including 55,000 Abiem, 15,000 Luac, 40,000 Malual, 17,000 Paliet, 35,000 Palioupiny, 50,000 Tuic. Southern Sudan, north and northwest of Wau. Alternate names: REK, WESTERN DINKA. Dialects: REK (RAIK), ABIEM (AJONG DIT, AJONG THI, AKANY KOK, AKERN JOK, APUOTH, APWOTH, ANEI), AGUOK (AGWOK), APUK, AWAN, LAU, LUAC, MALUAL (MALWAL, ATOKTOU, DULIIT, KOROK, MAKEM, PETH), PALIET (BALIET, AJAK, BUONCWAI, BON SHWAI, BWONCWAI, KONGDER, KONDAIR, THANY BUR, TAINBOUR), PALIOUPINY (PALIOPING, AKJUET, AKWANG, AYAT, CIMEL, GOMJUER), TUIC (TWIC, TWICH, TWIJ, ADHIANG, AMIOL, NYANG, THON). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Dinka.



DONGOTONO
[DDD] Southern Sudan, eastern Equatoria Province, Dongotono Hills southeast of Torit. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo.


EL HUGEIRAT
[ELH] 1,000 (1978 GR). Northern Sudan, West Kordofan on El Hugeirat Hills. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Central, Hill, Unclassified.


FEROGE
[FER] 8,000 (1982 SIL). Southern Sudan, Western Bahr el Ghazal at Khor Shamam, 8 miles northeast of Raga. Alternate names: FERROGE, FEROGHE, KALIGI, KALIKI, KALIGE, KALIKE. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Feroge-Mangaya.


FULFULDE, ADAMAWA
[FUB] 90,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL). Northern Sudan, Blue Nile and Kordofan regions. Alternate names: FELLATA. Dialects: GOMBE. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fulani, Eastern.


FUR
[FUR] 500,000 in Sudan (1983 Bender). Population total both countries 502,000. Alternate names: FOR, FORA, FORDUNGA, FURAWI, FURAKANG, FORTA, FOROK, KONJARA, KUNGARA, YERGE, ONAGE, KORRA, KADIRGI, KURKA, DALA, LALI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Fur.


GAAM
[TBI] 40,000 to 80,000 (1997 M.L. Bender). Northern Sudan. The main center is in and around Jebel Tabi, on Tabi Massif and outlying hills. A small community in Khartoum. Not in Ethiopia. Alternate names: INGASSANA, INGESSANA, TABI, METABI, MUNTABI, MAMEDJA, MAMIDZA, KAMANIDI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Eastern Jebel, Gaam.


GBAYA
[KRS] 16,000 (1987 SIL). About 4,000 others speak Gbaya as second language. Population total both countries 16,000. Alternate names: KRESH, KREISH, KREICH, KREDJ, KPARLA, KPALA, KPARA. Dialects: NAKA (KRESH-BORO), GBAYA-NDOGO (KRESH-NDOGO), GBAYA-NGBONGBO (KRESH-HOFRA), GBAYA-GBOKO, ORLO (WORO), GBAYA-DARA, DONGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Kresh.


GHULFAN
[GHL] 16,000 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Kordofan, in two hill ranges 25 to 30 miles south of Dilling: Ghulfan Kurgul and Ghulfan Morung. Alternate names: GULFAN, WUNCI, WUNCIMBE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Central, Hill, Kadaru-Ghulfan.


GULA
[KCM] 200 to 2,000 in Sudan (1987 SIL). Southern Sudan at Kafia Kingi in extreme western Bahr el Ghazal Province and at Kata. Alternate names: KARA, KARA OF SUDAN, YAMEGI. Dialects: GULA (GOULA), NGURU (BUBU, KOYO). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Kara.


GUMUZ
[GUK] 40,000 in Sudan. Northern Sudan, around Famaka, Roseires from Ethiopia border possibly as far as Fazoglo. Alternate names: MENDEYA, DEBATSA, DEGUBA, DEHENDA, GUMIS, GOMBO, SHANKILLINYA, SHANQILLA. Dialects: DISOHA (DESUA), DAKUNZA (DEGOJA, DUKUNZA, GUNZA, GANZA, DUKUNA, DUGUNZA), SAI, SESE (SAYSAY), DEKOKA, DEWIYA, KUKWAYA, GOMBO, JEMHWA, MODEA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Gumuz.


HAUSA
[HUA] 418,000 in Sudan (1993 Johnstone). Northern Sudan. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1.


HEIBAN
[HEB] 4,412 (1984). Northern Sudan, around Heiban, Abul (Obul) and nearby hills. In Heiban town on the Abri-Talodi road. Alternate names: EBANG, ABUL. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Central, Ebang-Logol, Ebang-Laru.


INDRI
[IDR] 700. Southern Sudan, southwest, in a small area around Raga. Alternate names: YANDERIKA, YANDIRIKA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Indri-Togoyo.

JUMJUM
[JUM] 25,000 to 50,000 (1987 SIL). Northern Upper Nile Province, along Khor Jumjum on Jebels Tunga, Terta, and Wadega. Alternate names: BERIN, OLGA, WADEGA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Maban-Burun, Maban.

JUR MODO
[BEX] 15,400 (1982 SIL). Southern Sudan, vicinity of Mvolo and on the Naam (Olo) River. Dialects: LORI, MODO (JUR MODO, MODO LALI), WIRA, WETU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli.


KACIPO-BALESI
[KOE] 5,000 in Sudan (1983 SIL). Population total both countries 7,000 to 8,000. Dialects: KICHEPO, SURI, WESTERN SURI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Kacipo-Balesi.


KADARU
[KDU] 7,000 including Western Kadaru (1978 GR). Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, Nuba mountains, north and east part of the Kadaru Hills between Dilling and Delami. Alternate names: KADARO, KADERO, KADERU, KODORO, KODHIN, KODHINNIAI. Dialects: WESTERN KADARU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Central, Hill, Kadaru-Ghulfan.


KAKWA
[KEO] 40,000 in Sudan (1978 SIL). Southern Sudan, Yei District, extending into DRC in the west at Aba and in the south around Mahagi. Alternate names: BARI KAKWA, KAKUA, KWAKWAK, KAKWAK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Bari.


KANGA
[KCP] 8,000 (1989). Northern Sudan, Miri Hills, west and southwest of Kadugli. Alternate names: KUFO, KUFA. Dialects: ABU SINUN, CHIRORO-KURSI, KUFA-LIMA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kadugli, Central.


KANURI, CENTRAL
[KPH] 195,000 in Sudan (1993 Johnstone). Northern. Alternate names: YERWA KANURI, KANOURI, BORNU, BORNOUANS, KANOURY, KOLE, SIRATA, 'BERIBERI'. Dialects: DAGARA, KAGA (KAGAMA), SUGURTI, LARE, KWAYAM, NJESKO, KABARI (KUVURI), NGAZAR, GUVJA, MAO, TEMAGERI, FADAWA, MAIDUGURI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri.


KARKO
[KKO] 12,986 (1984 R.C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Kordofan, in Karko Hills 20 miles west of Dilling, including Dulman. May also be spoken on Abu Jinik to the west (1,000) and El Tabaq southwest of Katla (800). Alternate names: GARKO, KITHONIRISHE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Central, Hill, Unclassified.


KATCHA-KADUGLI-MIRI
[KAT] 74,935 including 48,864 Kadugli and Katcha, 26,071 Miri (1984 R.C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, in the southern hills of the Nuba Hills area. Katcha is in villages a short distance south of Kadugli and southeast of the Miri Hills. Kadugli is also in villages surrounding Kadugli. Miri is in Miri villages south of Kadugli. Dialects: KATCHA (TOLUBI, DHOLUBI, TUNA, KACA), KADUGLI (DAKALLA, TALLA, DHALLA, TOMA MA DALLA, KUDUGLI, MORTA), MIRI, DAMBA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kadugli, Central.


KATLA
[KCR] 14,208 (1984 R.C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills, Katla Hills 35 miles southwest of Dilling. Alternate names: AKALAK, KALAK. Dialects: BOMBORI, KATEIK, KIDDU, KIRKPONG, KAROKA, KOLDRONG, JULUD (GULUD). Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Katla.


KEIGA
[KEC] 6,072 (1984 R.C. Stevenson) out of a larger ethnic population. Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills area, Jebel Demik, north of Miri. Alternate names: YEGA, KEIGA-TIMERO, KEIGA-AL-KHEIL, DEMIK, AIGANG. Dialects: DEMIK (ROFIK), KEIGA (AIGANG). Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kadugli, Western.


KELIKO
[KBO] 10,000 in Sudan (1998 SIL). Population total all countries 22,500. Alternate names: KALIKO. Dialects: EASTERN KALIKO, WESTERN KALIKO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central.


KELO
[TSN] Northern Sudan, Tornasi Hills; Jebels Tornasi (Keeli village) and Beni Sheko. West of Berta speaking people. Alternate names: TORNASI, KELO-BENI SHEKO, NDU-FAA-KEELO. Dialects: BENI SHEKO, KELO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Eastern Jebel, Aka-Kelo-Molo.


KENUZI-DONGOLA
[KNC] 180,000 in Sudan (1996). Population total both countries 280,000. Alternate names: DONGOLA-KENUZ, NILE NUBIAN, DONGOLAWI. Dialects: DONGOLA, KENUZI (KENUZ, KUNUZI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Central, Dongolawi.


KO
[FUJ] 2,683 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, on small isolated hills in the extreme eastern part of the Nuba hills, between Talodi and the White Nile. Alternate names: KAU, FUNGOR, FUNGUR. Dialects: KAU (KO), NYARO. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, Eastern.


KOALIB
[KIB] 44,258 (1984 R.C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, southern Kordofan Province, Nuba Mountains, around Delami, including Umm Berumbita and Turum (Nguqwurang), south and southwest of Abri around Koalib range (Ngunduna), at and around Nyukwur, also at Umm Heitan and Hadra (Nginyukwur), in villages scattered over the plain around Abri (Ngirere). Alternate names: KAWALIB, KOWALIB, NGIRERE, NIRERE, RERE, LGALIGE, ABRI. Dialects: NGUQWURANG, NGUNDUNA, NGINYUKWUR, NGIRERE, NGEMERE. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Central, Rere.


KOMO
[KOM] 10,000 in Sudan (1979 James). Population total both countries 11,500. Alternate names: KOMA OF DAGA, COMO, CENTRAL KOMA, GOKWOM, HAYAHAYA, MADIIN. Dialects: BEILLA, CHALI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman.


KRONGO
[KGO] 21,688 (1984 R.C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Krongo Hills, south of Masakin range and west of Talodi, Kordofan Province. Alternate names: KORONGO, KURUNGU, KADUMODI, TABANYA, DIMODONGO. Dialects: FAMA-TEIS-KUA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kadugli, Eastern.

LAFOFA
[LAF] 5,140 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills, central Eliri range and on two hills to the south and east. Alternate names: KIDIE, TEGEM. Dialects: JEBEL EL AMIRA (EL AMIRA), JEBEL TEKEIM (JEBEL, TEKEIM, TEGEM), LAFOFA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Tegem.


LANGO
[LNO] 20,000 possibly (1987 SIL). Southern Sudan, eastern Equatoria Province, Torit District. Alternate names: LANGGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo.


LARO
[LRO] 40,000 (1998 local estimate). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills on the hills of Laro (Alleira) and a few small hills nearby. Alternate names: LARU, AALEIRA, YILLARO, NGWULLARO. Dialects: TUNDULI, LARO. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Central, Ebang-Logol, Ebang-Laru.


LOGOL
[LOF] 2,600 (1956 Tucker and Bryan). Northern Sudan, on small isolated hills in the extreme eastern part of the Nuba Hills, between Talodi and the White Nile. Alternate names: LUKHA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Central, Ebang-Logol, Logol.


LOGORIK
[LIU] 2,000 (1971 Welmers). Northern Sudan, central Nuba Mts., Jebel Liguri and other hills northeast of Kadugli. Alternate names: LIGURI. Dialects: SABURI, TALLAU (TALAU, TALO), LIGURI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Eastern Daju.


LOKOYA
[LKY] 12,392 (1952). Southern Sudan, eastern Equatoria, Torit District. Alternate names: LOKOIYA, LOKOJA, LOQUIA, LOWOI, OWOI, LOIRYA, OIRYA, ELLYRIA, OXORIOK, KOYO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo.


LONGARIM
[LOH] 3,623 (1983 K. Fukui survey). Southern Sudan, western Boya Hills, around Mr. Kosodek and Mt. Lobuli. Alternate names: NARIM, LARIM, LARIMINIT, BOYA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Didinga-Longarim.

LOPPIT
[LPX] 50,000 (1995 Scott Randal). Southern Sudan, eastern Equatoria Province, Lopit Hills, northeast of Torit. Alternate names: LOPIT, LOPID, LOFIT, LAFITE, LAFIT, LAFIIT. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo.


LULUBO
[LUL] 15,000 (1985 SIL). Southern Sudan, eastern Equatoria Province, about 30 miles east of the Nile River. Alternate names: LULUBA, OLUBOGO, OLUBOTI, OLU'BO, ONDOE, LOLUBO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Southern.


LUMUN
[LMD] Northern Sudan, Talodi, Moro Hills. Alternate names: LOMON, KUKU-LUMUN. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Talodi Proper, Tocho.


LUWO
[LWO] 80,000 (1983 census). Southern Sudan, north of Wau toward Aweil, southeast of Wau as far as Tonj. Alternate names: LWO, JUR LUO, JUR LWO, JO LWO, DHE LWO, DHE LUWO, GIUR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Jur.


MA'DI
[MHI] 18,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL). Southern Sudan, Equatoria Province, Madi Subdistrict, Opari District, West Nile District. Alternate names: MA'ADI, MA'DITI, MA'DI. Dialects: PANDIKERI, LOKAI, 'BURULO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Southern.


MABAAN
[MFZ] 25,000 to 50,000 (1987 SIL). On the border of Blue Nile and Upper Nile provinces, between Yabus and Tombak rivers in the north and Khor Daga in the south. Not in Ethiopia. Alternate names: MAABAN, MEBAN, SOUTHERN BURUN, GURA, TUNGAN, BARGA, TONKO, ULU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Maban-Burun, Maban.


MANDARI
[MQU] 35,812 (1952). Southern Sudan, near Bari; 1 division around Tali, the other on both sides of the Nile between Tombe and Mongalla. Alternate names: MONDARI, MUNDARI, SHIR, CHIR, KIR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Bari.

MANGAYAT
[MYJ] 400 (1987 SIL). Southern Sudan, in Western Bahr el Ghazal, some in Raga, most in Mangayat, 18 miles southeast of Raga. Alternate names: MANGAYA, MONGAIYAT, BUG. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Feroge-Mangaya.


MASSALEIT
[MSA] 145,000 in Sudan. Population total both countries 250,000 (1983 Doornbos and Bender). Alternate names: MASALIT, MASSALIT, KAANA MASALA, JWISINCE. Dialects: SURBAKHAL. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang, Masalit.


MIDOB
[MEI] 50,000 (1993 R. Werner). Northern Sudan, Dar Fur Province, Jebel Midob, and settled communities in Omdurman and Gezira Aba. The center is Malha. Alternate names: MEIDOB, MIDOBI, TIDDA, TID, TID-N-AAL. Dialects: SHELKOTA (SHALKOTA), KAAGEDDI, URRTI (UURTI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Western.


MO'DA
[GBN] 600 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Southern Sudan, northwest of Mvolo on both sides of the border of Lakes and Western Equatoria provinces. Alternate names: GBERI, GWERI, GBARA, MUDA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli, Morokodo-Mo'da.


MOLO
[ZMO] 100 (1988 M.L. Bender). At Jebel Malkan, near the Berta language, south of the Blue Nile, near the Ethiopian border. Alternate names: MALKAN, TURA-KA-MOLO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Eastern Jebel, Aka-Kelo-Molo.


MORO
[MOR] 30,000 (1982 SIL) including 4,100 Abu Leila and Lebu, 460 Umm Dore, 9,000 Umm Gabralla (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Northern Sudan, eastern Nuba Mountains, Kordofan Province. Alternate names: DHIMORONG. Dialects: UMM DOREIN (LOGORBAN), UMM GABRALLA (TOBERELDA), NDERRE, LAIYEN, NUBWA, ULBA, WERRIA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Western.


MOROKODO
[MGC] 3,400 or more, including 280 Biti (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Southern Sudan, in the area between Amadi and Maridi. Alternate names: MA'DI. Dialects: BITI, MA'DU, MOROKODO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli, Morokodo-Mo'da.

MORU
[MGD] 70,000 (1982 SIL), including 1,200 Agi, 2,500 Andri, 5,000 Kadiro, 9,000 Miza, 400 Wa'di. Southern Sudan, Mundri District, Equatoria Province. Alternate names: KALA MORU. Dialects: AGI, ANDRI, 'BALI'BA, KADIRO, LAKAMA'DI, MIZA, MORUWA'DI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Northern.




LAFOFA
[LAF] 5,140 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills, central Eliri range and on two hills to the south and east. Alternate names: KIDIE, TEGEM. Dialects: JEBEL EL AMIRA (EL AMIRA), JEBEL TEKEIM (JEBEL, TEKEIM, TEGEM), LAFOFA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Tegem.

LANGO
[LNO] 20,000 possibly (1987 SIL). Southern Sudan, eastern Equatoria Province, Torit District. Alternate names: LANGGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo.


LARO
[LRO] 40,000 (1998 local estimate). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills on the hills of Laro (Alleira) and a few small hills nearby. Alternate names: LARU, AALEIRA, YILLARO, NGWULLARO. Dialects: TUNDULI, LARO. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Central, Ebang-Logol, Ebang-Laru.

LOGOL
[LOF] 2,600 (1956 Tucker and Bryan). Northern Sudan, on small isolated hills in the extreme eastern part of the Nuba Hills, between Talodi and the White Nile. Alternate names: LUKHA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Central, Ebang-Logol, Logol.


LOGORIK
[LIU] 2,000 (1971 Welmers). Northern Sudan, central Nuba Mts., Jebel Liguri and other hills northeast of Kadugli. Alternate names: LIGURI. Dialects: SABURI, TALLAU (TALAU, TALO), LIGURI. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Eastern Daju.


LOKOYA
[LKY] 12,392 (1952). Southern Sudan, eastern Equatoria, Torit District. Alternate names: LOKOIYA, LOKOJA, LOQUIA, LOWOI, OWOI, LOIRYA, OIRYA, ELLYRIA, OXORIOK, KOYO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo.


LONGARIM
[LOH] 3,623 (1983 K. Fukui survey). Southern Sudan, western Boya Hills, around Mr. Kosodek and Mt. Lobuli. Alternate names: NARIM, LARIM, LARIMINIT, BOYA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Didinga-Longarim.

LOPPIT
[LPX] 50,000 (1995 Scott Randal). Southern Sudan, eastern Equatoria Province, Lopit Hills, northeast of Torit. Alternate names: LOPIT, LOPID, LOFIT, LAFITE, LAFIT, LAFIIT. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo.


LULUBO
[LUL] 15,000 (1985 SIL). Southern Sudan, eastern Equatoria Province, about 30 miles east of the Nile River. Alternate names: LULUBA, OLUBOGO, OLUBOTI, OLU'BO, ONDOE, LOLUBO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Southern.


LUMUN
[LMD] Northern Sudan, Talodi, Moro Hills. Alternate names: LOMON, KUKU-LUMUN. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Talodi Proper, Tocho.


LUWO
[LWO] 80,000 (1983 census). Southern Sudan, north of Wau toward Aweil, southeast of Wau as far as Tonj. Alternate names: LWO, JUR LUO, JUR LWO, JO LWO, DHE LWO, DHE LUWO, GIUR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Jur.


MA'DI
[MHI] 18,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL). Southern Sudan, Equatoria Province, Madi Subdistrict, Opari District, West Nile District. Alternate names: MA'ADI, MA'DITI, MA'DI. Dialects: PANDIKERI, LOKAI, 'BURULO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Southern.


MABAAN
[MFZ] 25,000 to 50,000 (1987 SIL). On the border of Blue Nile and Upper Nile provinces, between Yabus and Tombak rivers in the north and Khor Daga in the south. Not in Ethiopia. Alternate names: MAABAN, MEBAN, SOUTHERN BURUN, GURA, TUNGAN, BARGA, TONKO, ULU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Maban-Burun, Maban.


MANDARI
[MQU] 35,812 (1952). Southern Sudan, near Bari; 1 division around Tali, the other on both sides of the Nile between Tombe and Mongalla. Alternate names: MONDARI, MUNDARI, SHIR, CHIR, KIR. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Bari.

MANGAYAT
[MYJ] 400 (1987 SIL). Southern Sudan, in Western Bahr el Ghazal, some in Raga, most in Mangayat, 18 miles southeast of Raga. Alternate names: MANGAYA, MONGAIYAT, BUG. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Feroge-Mangaya.


MASSALEIT
[MSA] 145,000 in Sudan. Population total both countries 250,000 (1983 Doornbos and Bender). Alternate names: MASALIT, MASSALIT, KAANA MASALA, JWISINCE. Dialects: SURBAKHAL. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Maban, Mabang, Masalit.


MIDOB
[MEI] 50,000 (1993 R. Werner). Northern Sudan, Dar Fur Province, Jebel Midob, and settled communities in Omdurman and Gezira Aba. The center is Malha. Alternate names: MEIDOB, MIDOBI, TIDDA, TID, TID-N-AAL. Dialects: SHELKOTA (SHALKOTA), KAAGEDDI, URRTI (UURTI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Western.


MO'DA
[GBN] 600 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Southern Sudan, northwest of Mvolo on both sides of the border of Lakes and Western Equatoria provinces. Alternate names: GBERI, GWERI, GBARA, MUDA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli, Morokodo-Mo'da.


MOLO
[ZMO] 100 (1988 M.L. Bender). At Jebel Malkan, near the Berta language, south of the Blue Nile, near the Ethiopian border. Alternate names: MALKAN, TURA-KA-MOLO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Eastern Jebel, Aka-Kelo-Molo.


MORO
[MOR] 30,000 (1982 SIL) including 4,100 Abu Leila and Lebu, 460 Umm Dore, 9,000 Umm Gabralla (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Northern Sudan, eastern Nuba Mountains, Kordofan Province. Alternate names: DHIMORONG. Dialects: UMM DOREIN (LOGORBAN), UMM GABRALLA (TOBERELDA), NDERRE, LAIYEN, NUBWA, ULBA, WERRIA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Western.


MOROKODO
[MGC] 3,400 or more, including 280 Biti (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Southern Sudan, in the area between Amadi and Maridi. Alternate names: MA'DI. Dialects: BITI, MA'DU, MOROKODO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli, Morokodo-Mo'da.

MORU
[MGD] 70,000 (1982 SIL), including 1,200 Agi, 2,500 Andri, 5,000 Kadiro, 9,000 Miza, 400 Wa'di. Southern Sudan, Mundri District, Equatoria Province. Alternate names: KALA MORU. Dialects: AGI,


MÜNDÜ
[MUH] 23,000 in Sudan. Population total both countries 25,800. Alternate names: MUNDO, MOUNTOU, MONDU, MONDO. Dialects: SHATT. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Eastern, Mundu.


MURLE
[MUR] 60,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL). Population total both countries 60,200. Alternate names: MURELEI, MERULE, MOURLE, MURULE, BEIR, AJIBBA, AGIBA, ADKIBBA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Murle.


NDING
[ELI] 3,513 (1984 Stevenson). Northern Sudan, southern Eliri range. Alternate names: ELIRI. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Talodi Proper, Nding.


NDOGO
[NDZ] 20,000 (1993). Southern Sudan, Western District along Wau-Deim Zubeir Road between Mboro and Kpango rivers. A few are north of Tembura among the Zande. Not in CAR. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Sere-Bviri, Ndogo-Sere.


NGILE
[MAS] 38,000 including Dagik (1982 SIL). Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, Nuba Mountains, in Mesakin Hills on some outlying hills. Alternate names: MASAKIN, MESAKIN, DALOKA, TALOKA, DARRA. Dialects: AHEIMA (EL AKHEIMAR), DALOKA (TALOKA), MASAKIN GUSAR (MESAKIN QUSAR, MASAKIN BURAM), MASAKIN TUWAL (TIWAL, TOWAL). Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Talodi Proper, Ngile-Dengebu.



NJALGULGULE
[NJL] 900 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Southern Sudan, on the Sopo River just above the Sopo-Boro confluence, and west of the Dinka. 1 village. Alternate names: NYOLGE, NYOOLNE, NGULGULE, BEGI, BEGE, BEKO, NJANGULGULE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Western Daju.

NOBIIN
[FIA] 295,000 in Sudan (1996). Population total both countries 545,000. Alternate names: MAHAS-FIADIDJA, MAHAS-FIYADIKKYA, FIADIDJA-MAHAS. Dialects: MAHAS (MAHASI, MAHASS), FIYADIKKA (FEDICCA, FADICHA, FADICCA, FADIJA, FIADIDJA). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Northern.

NUER
[NUS] 740,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL), including 2,935 Western Jikany, 12,500 Lou, 1,100 Nyuong, 2,500 Thiang, 5,900 Bul, 2,400 Jagai, 6,700 Laak, 4,900 Leik, 1,600 Door, 17,600 Eastern Jikany (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Population total both countries 805,000. Alternate names: NAATH, NAADH. Dialects: DOR (DOOR), EASTERN JIKANY (JIKAIN, JEKAING), ABIGAR, WESTERN JIKANY, CIEN, THOGNAATH (THOK NATH), LOU (LAU), NYUONG, THIANG (BUL, GAWAAR, JAGAI, LAAK, LEIK). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Nuer.


NYAMUSA-MOLO
[NYO] 1,200 Nyamusa (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Southern Sudan, western Equatoria Province, southeast of Beli, northeast of Morokodo. Dialects: NYAMUSA, MOLO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli, Morokodo-Mo'da.

OPUUO
[LGN] Northern Sudan. Alternate names: OPO-SHITA, OPO, OPUO, LANGA, SHITA, SHITTA, CITA, CIITA, ANSITA, KINA, KWINA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman.


OTORO
[OTR] 13,000 (1989). Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, Nuba Mountains region, Otoro Hills south of Heiban and west of the Heiban-Talodi road. Alternate names: UTORO, DHITORO, LITORO, KAWAMA, KAWARMA. Dialects: DIJAMA, DUGWUJUR, DOKWARA, DOROMBE, DOGORINDI, DAGARRO, DUGURILA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Central, Ebang-Logol, Utoro.


OTUHO
[LOT] 135,000 including Dongotono (1998), 2,500 Koriot, 1,000 Lomya (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Southern Sudan, Torit District, eastern Equatoria Province, east and southeast of the Luluba and the Lokoya. Alternate names: LOTUKO, LOTUHO, LOTUXO, LOTUKA, LATTUKA, LATUKO, LATUKA, LATOOKA, OTUXO, OLOTORIT. Dialects: KORIOK, LOGIRI (LOGIR), LOMYA (LOMIA), LORWAMA, LOWUDO (LOUDO, LAUDA), LOGOTOK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Lotuxo-Maa, Lotuxo.


PÄRI
[LKR] 28,000 (1987 SIL). Southern Sudan, Upper Nile Province. Alternate names: LOKORO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Unclassified.

REEL
[ATU] 50,000 (1998 Atuot community). Bordering Ciec Dinka in the north near Panekar, Agar Dinka on the west near Lake Nyibor, Jur Modo on the south, and Ador Dinka in the east near Yirol. Alternate names: ATUOT, ATWOT, THOK CIENG REEL. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer, Nuer.

SHATT
[SHJ] 15,000 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Shatt Hills southwest of Kadugli (Shatt Daman, Shatt Safia, Shatt Tebeldia) and parts of Abu Hashim and Abu Sinam. Alternate names: CANING. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Eastern Daju.


SHILLUK
[SHK] 175,000 (1982 SIL). Southern Sudan, Upper Nile Province, between Nile and Kordofan Province boundary, from Latitude 11 in the north to about 80 miles west of Tonga; also on the east bank of the Nile around the junction of the Nile and Sobat rivers, and for about 20 miles up the Sobat River. Alternate names: COLO, DHOCOLO, CHULLA, SHULLA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Shilluk.

SHWAI
[SHW] 3,500 (1989). Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, Nuba Mountains, in villages in the Shwai Hills, northwest of Otoro near Heiban-Kadugli road. Alternate names: SHIRUMBA, SHUWAY, LUDUMOR, CWAYA. Dialects: SHABUN, CERUMBA (SHIRUMBA), NDANO. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Shirumba.

SINYAR
[SYS] Population total both countries 5,000 to 10,000 (1983 Bender). Alternate names: SINYA, SHEMYA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sinyar.

SUNGOR
[SUN] 15,000 in Sudan. Northern Sudan, Dar Fur, Melmele in Dar Masalit. Bounded on the west by the Tama, south by the Masalit, east by Arabic-speaking nomadic groups, north by the Gimr and Jebel Mun. Alternate names: SOUNGOR, ASSAGORI, AZANGORI, ASONGORI, ASUNGORE, ERENGA, MADUNGORE, SHAALE. Dialects: GIRGA, WALAD DULLA, ERENGA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Tama, Tama-Sungor.

SURI
[SUQ] 1,000 Tirma in Sudan (1983 SIL). Southern Sudan, Boma Plateau near the Ethiopian border. Alternate names: SURMA. Dialects: TIRMA (TIRIMA, TEREMA, TERNA, DIRMA, CIRMA, TIRMAGA, TIRMAGI, TID), CHAI (CACI, CAI). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southeast, Pastoral, Suri.

TAGOI
[TAG] 13,000 (1982 SIL) including 2,000 Tagoi, 552 Moreb, 1,100 Tumale (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, Nuba Mountains, at Moreb, Tagoi, Turjok, Tumale Hill, possibly Tuling village. Tukum and Turum are places where Tagoi dialects are spoken (1956 Tucker and Bryan). Alternate names: TAGOY. Dialects: MOREB, TUMALE, TAGOI. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Rashad.

TALODI
[TLO] 1,500 (1989). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills, in Talodi town and hill, including the villages of Tasomi and Tata. Alternate names: GAJOMANG, AJOMANG, JOMANG. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Talodi Proper, Jomang.


TEGALI
[RAS] 35,738 (1984 R.C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, Nuba Mountains, Tegali Range, Rashad hills and town of Rashad. Alternate names: TAGALE, TEGELE, TOGOLE, TEKELE. Dialects: RASHAD (KOM, NGAKOM, KOME), TEGALI. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Rashad.


TEMEIN
[TEQ] 10,000 (1984 R. C. Stevenson). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills in the Temein hills southwest of Dilling, between Jebels Ghulfan Morung and Julud (Gulud). Alternate names: TEMAINIAN, RONE, RONGE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Temein.

TENNET
[TEX] 4,000 (1994 SIL). Southern Sudan, Equatoria Province, Lopit Hills, northeast of Torit, 5 villages. Alternate names: TENET. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Surmic, South, Southwest, Didinga-Murle, Tennet.

TESE
[KEG] 1,400 (1971 Welmers). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills, Keiga Jirru west of Debri, and in 6 villages, northeast of Kadugli. Alternate names: TEIS-UMM-DANAB, KEIGA JIRRU, KEIGA GIRRU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Temein.

THURI
[THU] 6,600 (1956 Tucker and Bryan). Southern Sudan between Wau and Aweil, between Jur and Lol rivers, on Raga-Nyamlell road, and on Wau-Deim Zubeir road. Alternate names: DHE THURI, JO THURI, WADA THURI, SHATT. Dialects: BODHO (DHE BOODHO, DEMBO, DEMEN, DOMBO), COLO (DHE COLO, JUR SHOL, JO COLO), MANANGEER (JUR MANANGEER). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Luo, Northern, Thuri.



TIGRÉ
[TIE] Northern Sudan. Alternate names: KHASA, XASA. Dialects: MANSA' (MENSA). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, North.


TIMA
[TMS] 1,100 ? (1956). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills in villages on and near Jebel Tima, 10 miles southwest of Katla, West Kordofan District. Alternate names: LOMORIK, LOMURIKI, TAMANIK, YIBWA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Katla.

TINGAL
[TIG] 8,000 (1982 SIL). Northern Sudan, Tegali Hills. Alternate names: KAJAKJA, KAJAJA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Rashad.

TIRA
[TIR] 40,000 (1982 SIL). Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills in villages extending from near Otoro to the neighborhood of Talodi. Alternate names: TIRO, THIRO, LITHIRO. Dialects: KINDERMA (KANDERMA), TIRA EL AKHDAR (TIRA DAGIG), TIRA LUMUM (LUMAN), TIRA MANDI. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, West-Central, Western.


TOCHO
[TAZ] 3,800 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Northern Sudan, Talodi, Moro Hills. Alternate names: TOICHO, TACHO. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Talodi Proper, Tocho.


TOPOSA
[TOQ] 100,000 (1984 M. Schroeder). Southern Sudan, along both sides of Singaita and Lokalyen rivers. The southern boundary is 4.30' N, northern 5 N, western 33.22' E, eastern 34 E. Ritual center at Loyooro River. They migrate as far as Moruangipi (34.30 E, 5.10 N), and occasionally farther east into the disputed Ilemi Triangle at the Ethiopian border for seasonal grazing. They have no permanent settlements there. The Jiye live at 5.20 N 33.45 E. Alternate names: TAPOSA, TOPOTHA, AKARA, KARE, KUMI. Dialects: EASTERN TOPOSA, WESTERN TOPOSA, JIYE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Eastern, Lotuxo-Teso, Teso-Turkana, Turkana.

TULISHI
[TEY] 8,628 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin), including 3,000 Kamdang, 2,500 Tulishi. Northern Sudan, hills south of the Nuba Hills on Jebel Tulishi south of Katla, on Jebel Kamdang north of Lagowa, south of Tulishi. Alternate names: TULESH, THULISHI, KUNTULISHI. Dialects: TULISHI, KAMDANG (KAMDA), DAR EL KABIRA (TURUJ, TRUJ, LOGOKE, MINJIMMINA). Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kadugli, Central.

TUMMA
[TBQ] 6,500 (1956 census). Northern Sudan, hills south of Nuba Hills between the Katla range and Miri. Alternate names: SANGALI. Dialects: BELANYA, KRONGO ABDALLAH, TUMMA. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kadugli, Central.


TUMTUM
[TBR] 7,300 including 6,000 in Karondi, 1,300 in Tumtum. Northern Sudan, Upper Nile Province; Kurondi south of Eliri, Talassa in the northern part of Eliri. Dialects: KARONDI (KURONDI, KORINDI), TALASSA (TALASA), TUMTUM. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kadugli, Eastern.


UDUK
[UDU] Northern Sudan, Upper Nile Province from Belila in the north, southwards along Blue Nile Province boundary to Yabus River. Most now in a refugee camp in Ethiopia. Alternate names: TWAMPA, KWANIM PA, BURUN, KEBEIRKA, OTHAN, KORARA, KUMUS. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman.


WALI
[WLL] 487 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Northern Sudan, in the Wali Hills, south of Karko Hills. Alternate names: WALARI, WALARISHE. Classification: Nilo-Saharan,

Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Central, Hill, Unclassified.


WARNANG
[WRN] 1,100 (1956 census). Northern Sudan, on small isolated hills in the extreme eastern part of the Nuba Hills between Talodi and the White Nile. Alternate names: WERNI. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Heiban, Eastern.


YULU
[YUL] 3,000 in Sudan, including 2,000 Yulu and 1,000 Binga (1987 SIL). Southern Sudan. The Yulu are at Khor Buga, 2 miles west of Raga in Western Bahr el Ghazal Province, and in Habbaniya District of Dar Fur. The Binga are at Menangba, west of Raga and in DRC. Alternate names: YOULOU. Dialects: BINGA, YULU. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Kara.


ZAGHEWA
[ZAG] 102,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL). Population total all countries 186,800. Alternate names: SOGHAUA, ZEGGAOUA, ZAGAOUA, ZORHAUA, ZAGAWA, ZAHAWA, ZEGHAWA, ZAUGE, BERRI, BERI, BERI-AA, MERIDA, KEBADI, KUYUK. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Eastern.


ZANDE
[ZAN] 350,000 in Sudan (1982 SIL). Southern Sudan, DRC primarily, and CAR in an elongated semicircle with Uele River as its base. Some projections south. Alternate names: SOGHAUA, ZEGGAOUA, ZAGAOUA, ZORHAUA, ZAGAWA, ZEGHAWA, ZAUGE, BERRI, BERI, BERI-AA, MERIDA, KEBADI, KUYUKI. Dialects: DIO, MAKARAKA (ODIO). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Zande, Zande-Nzakara.


Extinct languages

BAYGO
[BYG] Ethnic group 850 (1978 GR). Northern Sudan, Southern Dar Fur, in the hills east of Kube (Kubbi). Jebel Beygo. Alternate names: BAIGO, BEGO, BEKO, BEIGO, BEYGO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Western, Daju, Western Daju.


BERTI
[BYT] Northern Sudan. Tagabo Hills, Dar Fur, and in Kordofan. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Eastern.


BIRKED
[BRK] Northern Sudan, north Dar Fur, north and east of Daju and Baygo, east of Jebel Marra between Jebel Harayt and the Rizaykat (Arab) country. Also north of Nyala. A few in north Kordofan south of El Obeid. Alternate names: BIRGUID, BIRGID, BIRKIT, BIRQED, MURGI, KAJJARA. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nubian, Central, Birked.


GULE
[GLE] Northern Sudan, Jebel Gule, San and Roro hills north of the Gaam, west of Er Roseires. Alternate names: ANEJ, HAMEJ, FECAKOMODIYO. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Komuz, Koman.


HOMA
[HOM] Southern Sudan, around towns of Mopoi and Tambura. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Huku (D.30).

MITTU
[MWU] Southern Sudan. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Morokodo-Beli.


TOGOYO
[TGY] Southern Sudan, west, in a small area around Raga. Alternate names: TOGOY. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Indri-Togoyo.

TORONA
[TQR] Northern Sudan, Talodi, Moro Hills. Classification: Niger-Congo, Kordofanian, Kordofanian Proper, Talodi, Talodi Proper, Tocho."

Document(s): Ethnologue.com: Languages of Sudan