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08.05.2008 - Source: BBC News
Parliament approves former President Vladimir Putin as new prime minister ("Putin to be confirmed as new PM") [ID 23107]
Document(s):
Open document
02.2008 - Source: CIA World Factbook
Executive and legislative branch - overview ("CIA World Factbook 2008: Russia") [ID 11070]
"Executive branch:
chief of state: President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (acting president 31 December 1999-6 May 2000, president since 7 May 2000)
head of government: Premier Viktor Alekseyevich ZUBKOV (since 14 September 2007); First Deputy Premiers Dmitriy Anatolyevich MEDVEDEV (since 14 November 2005) and Sergey Borisovich IVANOV (since 15 February 2007), Deputy Premiers Aleksandr Dmitriyevich ZHUKOV (since 9 March 2004), Sergey Yevgenyevich NARYSHKIN (since 15 February 2007), and Aleksey Leonidovich KUDRIN (since 24 September 2007)
cabinet: Ministries of the Government or "Government" composed of the premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president
note: there is also a Presidential Administration (PA) that provides staff and policy support to the president, drafts presidential decrees, and coordinates policy among government agencies; a Security Council also reports directly to the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 14 March 2004 (next to be held in March 2008); note - no vice president; if the president dies in office, cannot exercise his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the premier serves as acting president until a new presidential election is held, which must be within three months; premier appointed by the president with the approval of the Duma
election results: Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN reelected president; percent of vote - Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN 71.2%, Nikolay KHARITONOV 13.7%, other (no candidate above 5%) 15.1%
Legislative branch:
bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of the Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (168 seats; as of July 2000, members appointed by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 84 federal administrative units - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg; to serve four-year terms) and the State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats; as of 2007, all members elected by proportional representation from party lists winning at least 7% of the vote; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: State Duma - last held 2 December 2007 (next to be held in December 2011)
election results: State Duma - United Russia 64.3%, CPRF 11.5%, LDPR 8.1%, JR 7.7%, other 8.4%; total seats by party - United Russia 315, CPRF 57, LDPR 40, JR 38"
Document(s):
CIA World Factbook 2008: Russia
12.09.2007 - Source: BBC News
President Putin nominates Viktor Zubkov, head of federal financial monitoring service, as new prime minister; Zubkov is a relative unknown in Russian politics ("Putin names next prime minister") [ID 21131]
Document(s):
Open document
06.2007 - Source: Freedom House
Intense pressure to end mayoral elections, just as gubernatorial elections were canceled in 2004; resumption of local government reforms scheduled for 2009 ("Nations in Transit 2007") [ID 20446]
For further information on local government please see full report
"There is intense pressure now to end mayoral elections, just as gubernatorial elections were canceled in 2004. Most local governments still lack the funding necessary to fulfill their responsibilities, particularly in education and health care. At the same time, powerful regional leaders like Tatarstan’s Mintimer Shaimiev have returned to asserting the primacy of regional laws over federal law. Shaimiev has forced Putin to sign a power-sharing treaty, reversing the Kremlin’s previous policy against them. In this case, the Kremlin is making concessions to an authoritarian Muslim leader, seeking to purchase stability. Where the Kremlin feels stronger, as in Nenets and Khakasiya, it is using the judicial system against governors who do not toe the federal line.
The year 2006 was largely one of waiting until the anticipated resumption of local government reforms scheduled for 2009, safely after the 2008 presidential elections."
Document(s):
Open document
12.05.2007 - Source: CIA - Central Intelligence Agency
Mitglieder des Kabinetts der Russischen Föderation ("Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments") [ID 11073]
"Pres. Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN
Premier Viktor Alekseyevich ZUBKOV
First Dep. Premier Sergey Borisovich IVANOV
First Dep. Premier Dmitriy Anatolyevich MEDVEDEV
Dep. Premier Aleksey Leonidovich KUDRIN
Dep. Premier Sergey Yevgenyevich NARYSHKIN
Dep. Premier Aleksandr Dmitriyevich ZHUKOV
Min. of Agriculture Aleksey Vasilyevich GORDEYEV
Min. of Civil Defense, Emergencies, & Natural Disasters Sergey Kuzhugetovich SHOYGU
Min. of Culture & Mass Communication Aleksandr Sergeyevich SOKOLOV
Min. of Defense Anatoliy Eduardovich SERDYUKOV
Min. of Economic Development & Trade Elvira Sakhipzadovna NABIULLINA
Min. of Education & Science Andrey Aleksandrovich FURSENKO
Min. of Finance Aleksey Leonidovich KUDRIN
Min. of Foreign Affairs Sergey Viktorovich LAVROV Min. of Health & Social Development Tatyana Alekseyevna GOLIKOVA
Min. of Industry & Energy Viktor Borisovich KHRISTENKO
Min. of Information Technology & Communications Leonid Dododzhonovich REYMAN
Min. of Internal Affairs Rashid Gumarovich NURGALIYEV
Min. of Justice Vladimir Vasilyevich USTINOV
Min. of Natural Resources Yuriy Petrovich TRUTNEV
Min. of Regional Development Dmitriy Nikolayevich KOZAK
Min. of Transportation Igor Yevgenyevich LEVITIN
Dir., Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Mikhail Yefimovich FRADKOV
Dir., Federal Security Service (FSB) Nikolay Platonovich PATRUSHEV
Head, Govt. Apparatus Sergey Yevgenyevich NARYSHKIN
First Dep. Chmn. of the Military-Industrial Commission Vladislav Nikolayevich PUTILIN Sec., Security Council (Acting) Valentin Alekseyevich SOBOLEV
Procurator Gen. Yuriy Yakovlevich CHAYKA
Chmn., Central Bank of Russia Sergey Mikhaylovich IGNATYEV
Ambassador to the US Yuriy Viktorovich USHAKOV
Permanent Representative to the UN, New York Vitaliy Ivanovich CHURKIN"
Document(s):
Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments
01.05.2006 - Source: International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights
Increasingly concentrated power in hands of Kremlin through new law for appointment of regional governors in 2005; law argued to be necessary to fight terrorism, opponents criticised circumvention of democratic processes at regional level ("Human Rights in the OSCE Region: Europe, Central Asia and North America, Report 2006 (Events of 2005)") [ID 15640]
"Under a law that subsequently was adopted by the State Duma and took effect as of 2005, the president names governor candidates, which thereafter are subject to approval by regional legislative assemblies. If a candidate proposed by the president is rejected twice, the president can dismiss the regional parliament. The president was also granted the right to dismiss regional governors if he has lost trust in them. As of the end of 2005, not a single governor candidate proposed by President Putin had been rejected by the relevant regional parliament. The opponents of the law argued that it had nothing to do with fighting terrorism but rather served to circumvent democratic processes at the regional level. They also argued that it was unconstitutional, with reference to a 1996 decision by the Constitutional Court, which rejected as unconstitutional a provision of the Altai krai that entrusted the region’s legislative assembly with electing the regional governor. In July, the Constitutional Court admitted a complaint against the new law submitted by the oppositional Union of Right Forces. In December, however, the Constitutional Court confirmed that the procedure of appointing governors was in accordance with the constitution. The judges were not unanimous in their decision: two judges, Anatoli Kononov and Vladimir Yarloslavtsev, presented dissenting opinions.In November, the State Duma adopted in the first reading legislative amendments, which would grant the political party that holds most seats in a regional parliament the right to make a proposal to the president regarding a candidate for the post as regional governor. The MHG concluded that these amendments, if turned into law, would not bring about any real change since most regional parliaments are dominated by the pro-Kremlin United Russia party and the president will not be bound by the proposals made."
Document(s):
Open document
01.2006 - Source: Human Rights Watch
In 2005, President Putin nominated candidates for more than thirty governorships, all of whom were approved by the regional parliaments ("World Report 2006") [#42318], [ID 11001]
"Under the new legislation, Russia’s president nominates candidates for all regional governorships. Regional parliaments have the right to reject these candidates but if they do so three times, the president can dissolve the parliament. In 2005, President Putin nominated candidates for more than thirty governorships, all of whom were rapidly approved by the regional parliaments."
Document(s):
Open document
03.06.2005 - Source: Council of Europe - Parliamentary Assembly
New law enables Putin to suggest the heads of the local governments and to dissolve the local parliaments ("Honouring of obligations and commitments by the Russian Federation [Doc. 10568]") [#32710], [ID 11071]
"26. On 29 September 2004 President Putin submitted to the State Duma a draft law amending the federal laws "On the General Principles of the Organisation of Legislative, Executive Bodies of the Subjects of the Russian Federation" and "On the Basic Guarantees of the Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in Referendum of the Citizens of the Russian Federation". The Law was adopted by the State Duma in the first reading on 29 October 2004 and in the final reading on 3 December (on 8 December by the Council of the Federation), and signed into Law by the President on 11 December 2004.
27. According to the Law the candidatures for the heads of regional executive bodies are submitted to the regional parliaments by the President of the Russian Federation. If a regional parliament twice refuses to endorse the submitted candidature, the President of the Russian Federation has the right to dissolve the regional parliament and appoint an interim head of the regional executive (or to submit the candidacy third time). A regional assembly may also be dissolved by the President if it fails to remedy contradictions between regional and federal legislation as was ordered by a court20. Furthermore, additional grounds for dismissal of governors by the President before the expiry of their terms of office have been foreseen, e.g. in the cases of "losing President's trust", "improper execution of duties." These provisions can be applied both for those nominated after the enactment of the new procedure and those elected before by direct popular vote21.
28. Initially, both President Putin and representatives of his administration have been suggesting that the reform could be mutatis mutandis extended to the nomination of candidates for mayors of big cities. However, on 8 April 2005 the State Duma adopted in the final reading (consideration in the Council of the Federation is pending) amendments to the Federal Law on the general principles of organisation of local self-government in the Russian Federation, thereby entitling the authorities of the Subjects of the Federation to define the mode of election of local authority leaders (mayors). After the draft law passed its first reading in March the President of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe Mr Di Stasi pointed out that the Congress considered that such a provision would contravene Article 3 (2) of the European Charter of Local Self-Government, which stipulates that rights in the field of local self-government must be exercised by democratically constituted authorities. The Congress considered that power to elect mayors must go either to the population of the individual local authority or to specific elected bodies representing the local communities. The final version of the draft law should therefore be checked on its compliance with the Charter.
29. Domestic reactions to the changes on the elections of regional heads of executive were mostly positive, including from those most directly concerned. With very few exceptions, most of Russia's regional governors supported the initiative. Many of them even decided to join the pro-presidential United Russia party, in an apparent attempt to enhance their chances to succeed themselves in their post under the new system. Several members of the Duma upper house – the Federation Council – half of which are appointed by regional Governors and half by the regional assemblies also joined United Russia. As a consequence, this party, who already enjoyed a two-thirds majority in the lower house, now also controls the upper house of the Russian parliament.
30. A rare voice of dissent came from the Tatarstan Republic, which enjoys the highest level of the autonomy among Russia's 89 federal subjects. While the President of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiyev during our meeting in October supported President Putin's initiative and referred to this reform as a temporary measure which could be reversed in the future, the republic's parliament had some objections to the Russian President's right to dismiss a regional assembly. These objections, which did not go as far as to object to the package as a whole, have been taken partly aboard by the presidential administration and the adopted Law includes, without going into details, some reference to a "reconciliatory procedure" that will take place before the President can use his right to dismiss a regional parliament."
Document(s):
Open document
12.05.2004 - Source: BBC News
The lower house of Duma has confirmed Mikhail Fradkov as prime minister ("Duma confirms Fradkov as premier") [#22282], [ID 11074]
Document(s):
Open document
2004 - Source: Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa
Russia's system of government ("Russlandanalysen: Russia's system of government") [ID 11075]
"Russland bzw. die Russländische Föderation – beide Bezeichnungen nach der Verfassung gleichwertig –steht in der Nachfolge der Russischen Sozialistischen Föderativen Sowjetrepublik (RSFSR), der größten Teilrepublik der UdSSR. Die RSFSR erklärte sich am 12. Juni 1990 für souverän. Nach der Auflösung der UdSSR am 31. Dezember 1991 erlangte sie die volle Unabhängigkeit. Durch Volksabstimmung wurde am 12. Dezember 1993 eine neue Verfassung eingeführt.
Laut Verfassung ist Russland ein demokratischer, föderaler Rechtsstaat mit republikanischer Regierungsform. Die Verfassung schreibt einen Grundrechtekatalog fest, der u.a. Gleichheit, Recht auf Leben, Menschenwürde, politische und persönliche Freiheitsrechte (u.a. Reisefreiheit, Informationsfreiheit, Versammlungsfreiheit), Mitwirkungsrechte (einschließlich das aktive und passive Wahlrecht), Gewerbefreiheit und Recht auf Eigentum, Recht auf Arbeit, Wohnung, auf Alterssicherung, Gesundheitsversorgung und eine gesunde Umwelt aufführt.
Russland hat ein präsidiales Regierungssystem mit einem starken Präsidenten und einem vergleichsweise schwachen Parlament. [...]
Russland besteht aus 89 Föderationssubjekten und zwar 21 Republiken, 6 Regionalbezirken, 49 Gebieten, zwei Städten von föderaler Bedeutung (Moskau und St. Petersburg, einem Autonomen Gebiet und zehn Autonomen Bezirke (Avtonomnye okrugi). Jedes Föderationssubjekt verfügt über eine eigene Exekutive, an deren Spitze je nach regionaler Verfassung ein Gouverneur, Präsident usw. steht, und eine gewählte Vertretungskörperschaft. Seit dem Jahre 2000 sind die 89 Föderationssubjekte in sieben Föderalbezirken zusammengefaßt, denen jeweils ein Beauftragter des Präsidenten vorsteht."
Document(s):
Russlandanalysen: Russia's system of government
2004 - Source: Universität Bremen - Forschungsstelle Osteuropa
Structure of the government (in German) ("Russlandanalysen: Aufbau der Regierung") [ID 11076]
"Am 9. März 2004, einen Monat vor den Präsidentenwahlen, löste Präsident Putin Ministerpräsident Kasjanow ab und betraute Michail Fradkow, bisher russischer Sonderbotschafter bei der EU, mit der Bildung eines neuen Kabinetts. Nach der Präsidentenwahl trat Fradkow mit seiner Regierung - wie es die Verfassung vorsieht - zurück, nur um gleich wieder mit der Kabinettsbildung betraut zu werden.
Im Mai wurde die neue Regierungsbildung abgeschlossen. Mit Präsidialerlaß vom 20.Mai 2004 wurde folgende Kabinettsstruktur festgeschrieben:
Struktur der russischen Regierung gemäß Präsidialerlaß vom 20.5.2004
I. Ministerien und Dienststellen, die direkt dem Präsidenten unterstehen
Ministerium für Inneres der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Migrationsdienst
Ministerium der Russländischen Föderation für Zivilverteidigung, Ausnahmesituationen die Beseitigung der Folgen von Naturkatastrophen
Ministerium für Äußeres der Russländischen Föderation
Verteidigungsministeriums der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Dienst für rüstungstechnische Zusammenarbeit
* Föderaler Dienst für Verteidigungsaufträge
* Föderaler Dienst für technische und Exportkontrolle
* Föderale Agentur für Sonderbauwesen
Justizministerium der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Dienst für den Strafvollzug
* Föderaler Registrationsdienst
* Föderaler Dienst der Gerichtsaufseher
Staatlicher Feldjägerdienst der Russländischen Föderation
Dienst für Auswärtige Aufklärung der Russländischen Föderation
Föderaler Sicherheitsdienst der Russländischen Föderation
Föderaler Dienst der Russländischen Föderation für die Kontrolle des Drogenhandels und psychotronische Stoffe
Föderaler Schutzdienst der Russländischen Föderation
Hauptverwaltung für Sonderprogramme des Präsidenten der Russländischen Föderation
Allgemeines Verwaltung des Präsidenten der Russländischen Föderation
II. Ministerien, die dem Ministerpräsidenten unterstehen
Ministerium für Gesundheitswesen und Sozialentwicklung der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Aufsichtsdienst in der Sphäre des Schutzes der Konsumentenrechte und des Wohlergehens der Menschen
* Föderaler Aufsichtsdienst in der Sphäre des Gesundheitswesen und der sozialen Entwicklung
* Föderaler Dienst für Arbeit und Beschäftigung
* Föderale Agentur für Gesundheitswesen und Sozialentwicklung
* Föderale Agentur für Körperkultur, Sport und Tourismus
*
Ministerium für Kultur und Massenkommunikation der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Aufsichtsdienst für Einhaltung der Gesetzgebung in der Sphäre der Massenkommunikation und der Bewahrung des Kulturerbes
* Föderale Archivagentur
* Föderale Agentur für Kultur und Filmwesen
* Föderale Agentur für Presse und Massenkommunikation
*
Ministerium für Bildung und Wissenschaft der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Dienst für intellektuelles Eigentum, Patente und Warenzeichen
* Föderaler Aufsichtsdienst in der Bildungs- und Wissenschaftssphäre
* Föderale Agentur für Wissenschaft und Innovation
* Föderale Agentur für Bildung
*
Ministerium für Naturressourcen der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Aufsichtsdienst für Naturnutzung
* Föderale Agentur für Wasserressourcen
* Föderale Agentur für Waldwirtschaft
* Föderale Agentur für Nutzung der Bodenschätze
*
Ministerium für Industrie und Energiewwirtschaft der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderale Agentur für Industrie
* Föderale Agentur für Bauwesen und kommunale Wohnungswirtschaft
* Föderale Agentur für technologische Regulierung und Metrologie
* Föderale Agentur für Energiewirtschaft
* Landwirtschaftsministerium der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Dienst für veterinär- und phytomedizinische Aufsicht
* Föderale Agentur für Fischfang
* Föderale Agentur für Landwirtschaft
*
Transportministerium der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Aufsichtsdienst in der Transportsphäre
* Föderale Agentur für Luftverkehr
* Föderale Straßenagentur
* Föderale Agentur für Eisenbahntransport
* Föderale Agentur für See- und Flußschiffahrt
* Föderale Agentur für Geodäsie und Kartographie
*
Ministerium für Informationstechnologie und Kommunikation der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Dienst für Aufsicht über die Kommunikationssphäre
* Föderale Agentur für Informationstechnologien
* Föderale Agentur für Kommunikation
*
Ministerium für Finanzen der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Steuerdienst
* Föderaler Dienst für Versicherungsaufsicht
* Föderaler Dienst für Finanz- und Haushaltsaufsicht
* Föderaler Dienst für Finanzmonitoring
* Föderale Staatskasse
*
Ministerium für Wirtschaftsentwicklung und Handel der Russländischen Föderation
* Föderaler Zolldienst
* Föderale Agentur für staatliche Reserven
* Föderale Agentur für das Immobilienkataster
* Föderale Agentur für Leitung des föderalen Eigentums
III. Dienststellen, die unmittelbar der Regierung unterstehen
Föderaler Antimonopoldienst
Föderaler Tarifdienst
Föderaler Dienst für Hydrometeorologie und Umweltmonitoring
Föderaler Dienst für staatliche Statistik
Föderaler Dienst für die Finanzmärkte
Föderaler Dienst für ökologische, technologische und nukleare Aufsicht
Föderale Agentur für Atomenergie
Föderale Raumfahrtagentur
Quelle: http://document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=022560"
Document(s):
Russlandanalysen: Aufbau der Regierung
30.05.2002 - Source:
Governments on the WWW: Russian Federation ("Governments on the WWW: Russian Federation") [ID 11077]
Document(s):
Governments on the WWW: Russian Federation
