06.03.2007 - Quelle: US Department of State

Tiv werden als nicht-indigene Gruppe angesehen; Konflikte wegen Landrechtsfragen mit anderen ethnischen Gruppen dauerten an ("Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2006") [ID 20052]

"Conflict over land rights and ownership continued among members of the Tiv, Kwalla, Jukun, and Azara ethnic groups; each of these groups resided at or near the convergence of Nassarawa, Benue, and Taraba States. The Tiv, who were claimed by their opponents to have migrated to the country later than other inhabitants of the disputed area, were regarded as interlopers by the other groups, which considered themselves "indigenous." Tivs were the largest ethnic group in much of Benue and parts of other states."

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08.03.2006 - Quelle: US Department of State

Konflikte zwischen den ethnischen Gruppen der Tiv, Kwalla, Jukun und Azara über Landrechte bestehen weiterhin ("Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2005") [#46036],  [ID 17446]

"Conflict over land rights and ownership continued among members of the Tiv, Kwalla, Jukun, and Azara ethnic groups; each of these groups resided at or near the convergence of Nassarawa, Benue, and Taraba States. The Tiv, who were claimed by their opponents to have migrated to the country later than other inhabitants of the disputed area, were regarded as interlopers by the other groups, which consider themselves "indigenous". Tivs are the largest ethnic group in much of Benue and parts of other states."

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10.2003 - Quelle: UK Border Agency (Home Office)

IRIN: Mehr als 25 Tote nach Kämpfen zwischen rivalisierenden Tiv und Haussa in Lafia, Hauptstadt des Bundesstaats Nassarawa ("Country Report - October 2003") [#17332],  [ID 15032]

"Ethnic clashes that began two weeks ago in central Nigeria's Nassarawa State have spread to Lafia, the state capital, where more than 25 people have been killed, Radio Nigeria reported on Tuesday. Fighting involving Tivs and Hausa-speakers in Nasarawa followed the 12 June killing by unknown gunmen of Hausa traditional ruler Musa Ibrahim and members of his entourage. His people blamed Tivs and carried out revenge killings, forcing many to flee to nearby Benue State, where Tivs are in the majority. Thousands of people displaced by the clashes have taken refuge in the central Nigerian town of Makurdi and surrounding areas, local residents said. The French news agency quoted Red Cross officials as saying that up to 35,000 people had been displaced.

UK home Office Oktober 2003

6.48 Fighting also broke out in June 2001 between Tivs and their mainly Hausa-speaking neighbours in Nasarawa State. This violence resulted in at least 100 deaths, according to the police, but more than 200, according to other sources, and the displacement of more than 50,000 people. The violence was caused by the killing of Musa Ibrahim, the traditional ruler of the Azara people, on 12 June 2001, together with four members of his entourage. The gunmen were not identified but Tivs, with whom there was a long-standing land dispute, were suspected, and the Azaras launched reprisal attacks. This led to intense inter-ethnic fighting in several towns and settlements across the state.



6.49 The Tiv, who are a minority in Nasarawa, fled in large numbers to neighbouring Benue State where they form the majority. Local newspapers citing Red Cross sources said more than 40,000 displaced Tivs were camped in and around the Benue capital, Makurdi. Many others sought refuge further north in Plateau State. The fighting quickly spread from Nasarawa to nearby Taraba State, where the Tiv, once again in the minority, were attacked around the town of Wukari by the Fulani and the Kutebs, with whom they had also had violent clashes in recent years. The Nigerian police acted quickly to contain this violence, and have been even handed in their approach. However, those who were displaced have faced healthcare and supply problems."

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04.2002 - Quelle: Human Rights Watch

Bei dem seit Jahrzehnten andauernden Konflikt in der Taraba-Benue-Region handelt es sich hauptsächlich um einen Konflikt zwischen Tivs und Jukun ("Military revenge in Benue: A population under attack") [#6317],  [ID 15020]

"The conflict in the Taraba-Benue area, which has been going on for decades, is principally between the Tivs, on the one hand, and the Jukuns, on the other; in recent years, the Jukuns have formed a close alliance with the Fulanis. The Jukuns form the majority in Taraba, while the Tivs form the majority in Benue. There are also sizeable Tiv minorities in Taraba, Nasarawa and Plateau states, and a small Jukun minority in Benue. The conflict in Taraba between Tivs and Jukuns has tended to center around competition for land, as well as control over economic resources and political power. Political battles have been especially intense around the control of Wukari, the traditional Jukun center in Taraba State. There have been disputes over the siting of the boundary between Benue and Taraba states, respect (or disrespect) for boundary demarcations, and political control of the border towns and villages. In broad terms, the Jukuns claim to be the original inhabitants of Taraba State, or "indigenes," and consider the Tivs as settlers. The Tivs reject this view, on the basis that they too have been living there for several generations and therefore have equal rights; they complain of being marginalized and excluded in Taraba. Likewise, the Jukun minority in Benue also complain of marginalization, lack of employment opportunities, and insecurity. There has been periodic fighting between these groups since the late 1950s, with sporadic outbreaks in 1964, 1976, and again in 1990-1992. Over the years, the communities have found increasing difficulty in living together peaceably. Benue is often referred to as the Tiv state, and Taraba as that of the Jukuns. Political polarisation has gradually turned into physical segregation too: as violence has intensified in Taraba, an increasing number of Tivs have fled into Benue. Tivs have complained of persecution in Taraba and talk of a deliberate campaign of "ethnic cleansing," primarily by the Jukuns, allied with the Fulanis, and now additionally backed up by the military. They have claimed that these operations are deliberately timed to ensure that the Jukuns have the political advantage in Taraba in the run-up to elections scheduled in 2003. In addition, the rivalries between Tivs and Jukuns have always had the potential to escalate into an even more serious conflict at the national level, as both groups are well represented in the national army. The violence in Taraba intensified in the second half of 2001. Organized bands of Tivs, Jukuns, and Fulanis were responsible for scores of deaths of civilians and widespread destruction of homes during this period, with attacks taking place on a weekly, and sometimes a daily basis. From the first week of September 2001 onwards, in particular, there was a series of attacks and counter-attacks by Tiv and Jukun armed groups, including on border towns and villages. These continued into December 2001 and January 2002."

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28.11.2001 - Quelle: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (formerly Global IDP Project)

Die Konflikte zwischen Tiv und Jukun basieren auf einem Zusammenspiel mehrerer Faktoren, darunter Dispute über Landnutzung, politische Führungspositionen und traditionelle Machtansprüche (""Profile of internal displacement: Nigeria"") [#4825],  [ID 15022]

Die Konflikte zwischen Tiv und Jukun basieren auf einem Zusammenspiel mehrerer Faktoren, darunter Dispute über Landnutzung, politische Führungspositionen, traditionelle Machtansprüche. Weiters spielen Konflikte zwischen Ortsansässigen und Ansiedlern eine Rolle.

"The conflict between the Tiv and the Jukun, two different ethnic groups coexisting in Taraba State in Nigeria, had numerous causes. These included disputes over land, traditional rulership, political authority, fears of domination and marginalisation. While this conflict centered [sic!] around the issue of settlers and indigenes, which is common in many parts of Nigeria."

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27.11.2001 - Quelle: Integrated Regional Information Network

Dutzende Tote und tausende Vertriebene nach ethnisch motivierten Kämpfen zwischen Tiv und Jukun im Bundesstaat Taraba ("Nigeria: Renewed ethnic clashes erupt in central region") [#4814],  [ID 15023]

"Several hundreds of people have been killed since the longstanding dispute between Tivs and their Jukun neighbours over land ownership, flared up in violence in September. Troops sent in by President Olusegun Obasanjo into the area to quell the violence became mired in the conflict after 19 of their men were killed by a Tiv militia. Reprisal attacks mounted by soldiers in October against several Tiv villages resulted in the death of more than 200 people and the displacement of tens of thousands of others. Residents of the affected area have continued to report military activity in their districts against unarmed villagers, with more people being killed, injured or forced to flee their homes."

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27.11.2001 - Quelle: Integrated Regional Information Network

Dutzende Tote und tausende Vertriebene nach neuerlichem Ausbruch von Kämpfen zwischen Tiv-Milizen und Jukun in der Stadt Donga im Bundestaat Taraba ("Nigeria: Renewed ethnic clashes erupt in central region") [#4814],  [ID 15024]

"A fresh outbreak of ethnic fighting has erupted in Nigeria’s central region Taraba State, with dozens of people killed and thousands forced to flee their homes, local officials told IRIN on Monday. More than 100 armed men, suspected to be part of an ethnic Tiv militia, attacked several settlements of their neighbours, the Jukuns, in the Donga area, near the border with Benue State on Saturday, burning houses and killing several people, John Adamu, an official of the Taraba State government said."

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26.11.2001 - Quelle: BBC News

Bis zu 50 Tote nach gewaltsamen Übergriff auf eine Junkun Gemeinde durch Tiv-Milizen in der Nähe der Stadt Donga im Bundesstaat Taraba ("Land clash in central Nigeria") [#4798],  [ID 15025]

Bis zu 50 Tote nach gewaltsamen Übergriff auf eine Junkun Gemeinde durch Tiv-Milizen in der Nähe der Stadt Donga im Bundesstaat Taraba. Konflikte über Landnutzungsrechte sollen in den vergangen Monaten wiederholt Kämpfe provoziert haben.

"Reports are emerging from central Nigeria of a clash between two local communities which has left up to 50 people dead. A spokesman for the Taraba state government said militia from the Tiv community attacked settlements of the Jukun people near the town of Donga over the weekend. Details of the attacks remain sketchy, but tensions over land rights in the remote region have led to frequent clashes in recent months. The spokesman said Tiv youths crossed the border from Benue state - effectively the boundary between the two warring communities - and attacked Jukun settlements. There are also reports of hundreds of people fleeing the area."

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07.11.2001 - Quelle: Integrated Regional Information Network

550,000 Vertriebene entlang der Grenze zwischen den Bundesstaaten Benue und Taraba nach Kämpfen zwischen Tiv und Jukun ("Nigeria: Over half a million displaced in central region, official says") [#4543],  [ID 15026]

550.000 Vertriebene nach Kämpfen zwischen Tiv und Jukun entlang der Grenzen zwischen den Bundesstaaten Benue und Taraba. Der Großteil der Flüchtlinge soll jedoch aus Angst vor Racheakten durch das Militär geflohen sein. 19 Soldaten waren Ende Oktober 2001 von Milizen der Tiv getötet worden.

"Since September, fresh waves of displaced people fleeing fighting between members of the Tiv and Jukun communities in areas along the border between Benue and Taraba have taken refuge in several camps around the Benue capital, Makurdi. There they joined people displaced by earlier clashes between Tivs and Hausa-speaking Azeris in nearby Nasarawa State. However, officials said, the largest contingent of displaced people are those who have been flooding the refugee camps since soldiers attacked and ransacked several Tiv communities in late October in apparent retaliation for the killing of 19 of their colleagues by a Tiv militia earlier in the month."

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29.10.2001 - Quelle: Integrated Regional Information Network

Konflikte, an denen Tivs (meist Bauern) und Jukun (meist von pastoralen oder Fischergemeinden stammend) beteiligt sind, entzünden sich in den meisten Fällen an Streitigkeiten über Landnutzung ("Up to 300,000 displaced in central region") [#4469],  [ID 15027]

Ethnisch motivierte Konflikte in den Bundesstaaten der Zentralregion Nigerias, darunter Taraba, Nasarawa, Adamawa und Plateau, den Hauptnahrungsmittelproduzenten des Landes, könnten eine Gefahr für die Nahrungsmittelversorgung Nigerias darstellen; dies umso mehr, da an den Konflikte in dieser Region meist Tivs, die überwiegend Bauern sind, beteiligt sind.

"Large numbers of displaced people are staying in several camps around the Benue State capital, Makurdi, where they joined others who had fled an earlier fighting in June between Tivs and Hausa-speaking Azeris in nearby Nasarawa State. Tivs are the majority ethnic group in Benue State but have significant populations in other central region states, including Taraba, Nasarawa, Adamawa and Plateau. The conflicts involving the Tivs, who are mainly farmers, and their neighbours who are mainly from pastoral and fishing communities, are mostly over land ownership. There are widespread fears that prolonged conflict in the region, which is one of Nigeria's food producing areas, is likely to undermine the country's food security."

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17.07.2001 - Quelle: BBC News

Über 100 Tote bei ethnischen Unruhen in Nasarawa/ mindestens 35,000 Angehörige der Tiv sollen geflohen sein ("Nigeria clashes leave 100 dead") [#2837],  [ID 15028]

Innerhalb von 5 Wochen gewaltsamer Kämpfe im Bundesstaat Nassarawa wurden nach Angaben von BBC mehr als 100 Personen getötet. Auslöser soll die Ermordung eines Stammesführers einer Haussa-sprechenden Gemeinschaft gewesen sein. Augenzeugenberichten zufolge sollen in Tudun Adabu Kinder, alte Frauen und lokale Machthaber mit Macheten getötet worden sein.

"More than 100 people have died in five weeks of bloody clashes in the central Nigeria state of Nasarawa. (…) It was reportedly triggered by the murder of a prominent chief from a rival Hausa-speaking community. The Tivs were blamed for his death. Eyewitnesses in Tudun Adabu at the time reported that young children, old women and local chiefs had been killed with machetes in an orgy of violence. The government sent police reinforcements to the area to help control the fighting. At least 35,000 Tiv people reportedly fled Nasarawa state, and some are now living in refugee camps to the south."

Dokument(e): 01519nig.htm
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06.07.2001 - Quelle: Integrated Regional Information Network

20 Tote und mehr als 25,000 Vertriebene nach Angriffen von Fulani und Jukun auf Tiv in Donga ("Nigeria: Clashes spread in central Nigeria") [#2406],  [ID 15029]

"Communal clashes involving ethnic groups in the central Nigerian state of Nasarawa have spread to neighbouring Taraba State claiming several lives, news organisations reported on Friday. A report by the mainly government-owned 'Daily Times', cited by the Reuters news agency, said at least 20 people were killed and more than 25,000 forced from their homes when bands of Fulanis and Jukuns attacked their Tiv neighbours in the Donga local government area. Fighting broke out in Nasarawa between Tivs and their Hausa-speaking neighbours on 12 June after a leading Hausa traditional ruler was killed by unknown gunmen suspected by his people of being Tivs. More than 200 people have been reported killed and over 35,000 Tivs have fled to nearby Benue State where they form the majority."

Dokument(e): 01333nig.htm
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02.07.2001 - Quelle: Integrated Regional Information Network

Mehr als 200 Tote und über 50,000 Vertriebene seit Ausbruch der Kämpfe zwischen Tiv-Angehörigen und Haussa-sprechenden Azara ("Nigeria: Red Cross seeks help for IDPs") [#2345],  [ID 15030]

Mehr als 200 Tote und über 50.000 Vertriebene seit Ausbruch der Kämpfe zwischen Tiv-Angehörigen und Haussa-sprechenden Azara. Als Auslöser für die gewaltsamen Zusammenstöße gilt die, den Tiv angelasteten, Ermordung eines bekannten Stammesführers der Haussa sowie einiger seiner Gefolgsleute. Viele Tiv fliehen in den Benachbarten Bundesstaat Benue aus Angst vor Racheakten der Haussa.

"It is estimated that more than 200 people have been killed and over 50,000 displaced since communal clashes broke out on 12 June between Tivs and their Hausa-speaking Azara neighbours. The fighting followed the killing by unknown gunmen of a prominent Hausa traditional ruler and members of his entourage. His people blamed Tivs and carried out revenge killings, forcing many to flee to nearby Benue State, where Tivs are in the majority."

Dokument(e): 01310nig.htm
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02.07.2001 - Quelle: Neue Zürcher Zeitung

Neue Zürcher Zeitung: Spannungen zwischen dem Tiv-Volk und anderen Ethnien im nigerianischen Bundesstaat Nasarawa fordern mindestens 50 Tote ("Massaker in Zentralnigeria") [#2324],  [ID 15031]

"In den letzten zwei Wochen sind im nigerianischen Einzelstaat Nasarawa mindestens 50 Personen getötet worden. Schätzungen, nach denen mindestens 200 Personen ums Leben gekommen sind, konnten vom nigerianischen Roten Kreuz nicht bestätigt werden. Allerdings wagt es die Polizei aus Angst um die Sicherheit der Polizisten nur noch selten, die Landeshauptstadt Lafia zu verlassen, um nachzuschauen, was in abgelegenen Dörfern geschehen ist. (…) In Nasarawa sind jene Probleme konzentriert anzutreffen, die Nigerias Gegenwart prägen. Seit Jahrzehnten gibt es in dieser Pufferzone zwischen muslimischem Norden und christlich geprägtem Süden Streit um Land, um politischen Einfluss und um Religion. Wie bei ähnlichen Konflikten in der Vergangenheit scheint es auch jetzt darum zu gehen, Sündenböcke zu finden für das eigene wirtschaftliche Malaise oder für die zunehmende Landknappheit. Der Gouverneur des Bundeslandes Nasarawa hat unterdessen Verstärkung durch die Bundespolizei angefordert. Gouverneur Abdulahi kritisierte, dass die Polizei in den vergangenen Monaten keinen der ethnisch motivierten Morde in seinem Bundesland verfolgt habe. So sei eine Kultur der Straflosigkeit entstanden, in der die Milizen operieren könnten."

Dokument(e): j011.htm
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25.06.2001 - Quelle: Integrated Regional Information Network

Tausende Bewohner Makurdis und der umliegenden Gebiete auf der Flucht nach den mehr als 2 Wochen andauernden Kämpfen zwischen Angehörigen der Tiv und der der Haussa-Bevölkerung ("Thousands displaced in ethnic unrest") [#2246],  [ID 15033]

"Thousands of people have been seeking refuge in and around the central Nigerian town of Makurdi following more than a week of ethnic violence in which dozens have been reported killed, local residents said on Monday. Fighting between Tivs and Hausa-speakers in Nasarawa State followed the 12 June killing by unknown gunmen of Musa Ibrahim, a Hausa traditional ruler, and members of his entourage. His people blamed the incident on the Tivs and launched reprisal killings, forcing many to flee to nearby Benue State where Tivs form the majority"

Dokument(e): 00150nig.htm
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25.06.2001 - Quelle: Integrated Regional Information Network

Tausende Vertriebene und dutzende Tote nach über einer Woche von Kämpfen zwischen Tivs und Haussa-sprechenden Menschen in der Stadt Makurdi ("Thousands displaced in ethnic unrest") [#2246],  [ID 15034]

Dokument(e): 00150nig.htm
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