Source:

Frankfurter Rundschau: [ID 9287]

Source:

Frankfurter Rundschau: [ID 9290]

Source:

Tageszeitung: [ID 9293]

27.11.2007 - Source: Iran Focus

Central Iran: A man accused of drug trafficking was hanged, state media reported ("Man hanged in central Iran") [ID 22076]

Document(s): Open document

25.11.2007 - Source: Iran Focus

Sistan-va-Baluchistan: Two men accused of drug trafficking were hanged, state media reported ("Two men hanged in south-east Iran") [ID 22074]

Document(s): Open document

11.11.2007 - Source: Iran Focus

Sistan-va-Baluchistan: Nader Kalbali was hanged in the provincial capital Zahedan; he was charged with drug trafficking ("Man hanged in volatile Iran province") [ID 22063]

Document(s): Open document

27.09.2005 - Source: Amnesty International

Teheran: Farmer sentenced to death in October 2004, apparently convicted of smuggling firearms and opium, is alleged to have confessed under torture; Supreme Court is believed to have upheld sentence this month ("Iran - UA 256/05") [#37095], [ID 9270]

Document(s): Open document
Open document

18.09.2005 - Source: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

New security measures by government include appointment of provincial governors-general with security background and crackdown on social malefactors ("Iran: New Security Measures Not Welcomed By All") [#36835], [ID 9271]

Document(s): Open document

18.07.2005 - Source: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Use of narcotics, particularly opium, increasing with Afghanistan, the world's biggest opium producer, as neighbour ("Iran: Country's Drug Problems Appear To Be Worsening") [#34118], [ID 9272]

Document(s): Open document

04.2005 - Source: UK Home Office

executions due to drug trafficking or sexual relations outside marriage ("Country Report - April 2005") [#31980], [ID 9273]

"[...]
5.22 According to the UN, in 1998, the Iranian authorities have said that many of the executions conducted in Iran relate to drug trafficking offences, but no corroborative statistics or information on the protection of human rights policies in dealing with such offenders is available. Numbers of stonings and deaths as a consequence are unclear, though most take place in the larger cities such as Tehran, Hamedan, Isfahan and Kermanshah. All are endorsed by the Supreme Court [10b](pg5), including stoning of women found guilty of sexual relations outside marriage. [10h](pg12) [...]"

Document(s): Open document

28.02.2005 - Source: US Department of State

Court systems ("Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2004") [#29525], [ID 9274]

"“There are several different court systems. The two most active are the traditional courts, which adjudicate civil and criminal offenses, and the Islamic Revolutionary Courts. The latter try offenses viewed as potentially threatening to the Islamic Republic, including threats to internal or external security, narcotics and economic crimes, and official corruption. [...]"

Document(s): Open document

18.10.2004 - Source: Reporters Sans Frontières

Journalist who was sentenced to 4 years in prison for "drinking and distributing alcoholic drinks, adultery and incitement to immoral acts", released after more than 18 months in prison ("Journalist Ali-Reza Jabari released after more than 18 months in prison") [#26462], [ID 9275]

Document(s): Open document

06.09.2004 - Source: Amnesty International

16 year old Afghan national reportedly sentenced to death by a juvenile court in Karaz; while in detention he confessed to transporting morphine but the cirumstances of the confessions remain unknown ("Iran - UA 262/04") [#25400], [ID 9276]

Document(s): Open document

27.02.2004 - Source: Amnesty International

Mohsen Mofidi, charged with possessing the illegal satellite dish, alcohol and with fostering the corruption of his younger sisters, died after flogging while in detention ("Iran: Justice denied to man who died after flogging") [#19821], [ID 9277]

Document(s): Open document

25.02.2004 - Source: US Department of State

Government action against drug trafficking and alcohol use ("Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2003") [#19747], [ID 9278]

"Exiles and human rights monitors alleged that many of those supposedly executed for criminal offenses, such as narcotics trafficking, actually were political dissidents. [...]

There are several different court systems. The two most active are the traditional courts, which adjudicate civil and criminal offenses, and the Islamic Revolutionary Courts. The latter try offenses viewed as potentially threatening to the Islamic Republic, including threats to internal or external security, narcotics and economic crimes, and official corruption. [...]

The Government has arrested, convicted, and sentenced persons on questionable criminal charges, including drug trafficking, when their actual "offenses" were political. [...]

In March 2002, after a trial behind closed doors but with his lawyer present, Nasser Zarafshan, the attorney representing the families of the victims of the 1998 extrajudicial killings of dissidents by intelligence ministry officials, was sentenced to 5 years in prison and 70 lashes. He was charged with leaking confidential information pertaining to the trial. Human Rights Watch (HRW) reported that he was also charged with "having weapons and alcohol at his law firm." Zarafshan was originally arrested in 2000 but released after a month pending trial. An appeals court upheld his conviction in July 2002. In November, the Supreme Court reportedly dismissed his appeal (see Section 1.a.). [...]

Authorities entered homes to remove television satellite dishes, or to disrupt private gatherings in which unmarried men and women socialized, or where alcohol, mixed dancing, or other forbidden activities were offered or took place. [...]

The Government censored Internet sites. In May, a government spokesman acknowledged state attempts to block access to "immoral" websites. The judiciary also announced the creation of a special unit to handle Internet-related issues. According to press reporting, the judiciary highlighted over twenty subject areas to be blocked, including: insulting Islam, opposing the Constitution, insulting the Supreme Leader or making false accusations about officials, undermining national unity and solidarity, creating pessimism among the people regarding the Islamic system, and propagating prostitution and drugs. [...]

The country hosted a large refugee population, mostly Afghans, as well as a significant number of Iraqis. [...] The Government accused many Afghans of involvement in drug trafficking. [...]"

Document(s): Open document

13.02.2004 - Source: Amnesty International

Mohsen Mofidi and his two sisters sentenced to prison sentences and flogging on charges including possession of an illegal satellite dish, alcohol consumption and corruption/the sisters fled to Canada, but the man's sentence could be carried out at any time ("Iran - UA 65/04") [#19405], [ID 9279]

Document(s): Open document

30.09.2003 - Source: German Institute of Global and Area Studies

No secure information on risk of double persecution for drug offences; legal advice submitted to the Australian embassy was that a retrial and resentencing would only occur if the penalty incurred abroad was considered as "far too lenient" (expert opinion, in German) ("Stellungnahme vom 30.9.03 an OVG Hamburg - 1 Bf 21/98 -") [#19539], [ID 9280]

Document(s): Open document

29.04.2003 - Source: Reporters Sans Frontières

Translator and freelance contributor to several independent newspapers sentenced to 4 years in prison and 253 lashes for "consuming and distributing alcoholic drinks"/ in fact, he was being punished for belonging to the Writers' Association ("Journalist sentenced to four years in prison and 253 lashes") [#12282], [ID 9281]

Document(s): Open document

11.01.2003 - Source: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Teenage boy sentenced to death by a Tehran court for repeated drinking of alcohol ("Iran: Teenager Sentenced To Death For Drinking") [#10640], [ID 9282]

Document(s): Open document

08.10.2002 - Source: BBC News

BBC: ("Police arrest party-goers in Iran") [#8867], [ID 9285]

Document(s): Open document

17.07.2002 - Source: World Organisation Against Torture

OMCT: ("Iran: New condemnation of a lawyer: Nasser Zarafchan [IRN 004/0012/OBS 125.4]") [#7899], [ID 9286]

Document(s): Open document

16.01.2002 - Source: Council of the European Union

Council of the European Union: ("Note from the General Secretariat to CIREA: Danish fact-finding mission to Iran Rf. 5262/02") [#8107], [ID 9288]

Document(s): Open document

11.2001 - Source: Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation

ACCORD: Drug offences; double conviction ("7th European Country of Origin Information Seminar Berlin, 11 - 12 June 2001: Final Report - Iran") [#7661], [ID 9284]

"Iran has a very strict policy with regard to drug offences. Drug-related crimes are
examined and investigated by the Revolutionary Courts. The Iranian authorities have
regularly declared that Iranians who were convicted outside of Iran for crimes
punishable under Islamic Law, could still be prosecuted upon return. However, UNHCR
has not been able to find any jurisprudence confirming sentences for persons convicted
of drug-related crimes abroad. UNHCR also does not possess any information on the
degree of double conviction upon return for persons convicted of drug-related crimes
outside of Iran.
Amnesty International has had one case of double conviction for drug offences. If a
person carries more than 30 grams of heroine or 5 kg of opium s/he is subject to the
death penalty. In Spain, an Iranian national was caught smuggling drugs. AI International
Secretariate in London responded to a query from Amnesty International Spain that he
would in principle be at risk of double prosecution. It, however, depended on the
documentation that existed on the individual’s case. The person could perhaps return
without problems by stating that he had just tried to immigrate to Spain."

Document(s): cois2001-irn.pdf

06.09.2001 - Source: Amnesty International

Amnesty International: ("Iran - UA 223/01") [#3885], [ID 9294]

Document(s): 00644ira.htm
Open document

14.08.2001 - Source: Washington Post

Washington Post: ("14 Lashed for Alcohol in Iran") [#3498], [ID 9291]

Document(s): 01840iran.htm
Open document

10.08.2001 - Source: Amnesty International

Amnesty International: ("Public flogging: Medical letter writing action") [#3440], [ID 9289]

Document(s): 00529ira.htm
Open document

21.07.2001 - Source: Washington Post

Washington Post: ("25 Men Publicly Flogged in Iran") [#2893], [ID 9292]

Document(s): 01539iran.htm
Open document

01.10.2000 - Source: Danish Immigration Service

Danish Immigration Service: Production, possession and consumption of alcohol ("Report on fact-finding mission to Iran; 9 - 17 September 2000") [#9593], [ID 9283]

"When asked about punishments for the production, possession and consumption of alcoholic
beverages, a Western embassy replied by way of introduction that production, possession and
consumption are all banned under Iranian law. However, the source pointed out that Iranian
Christians may produce and keep alcohol for their own use without risking punishment by the
authorities. The sale of alcohol to Muslims is prohibited. This was confirmed by a source
connected with the Iranian judicial system.
The penalty for the production, possession, sale or transportation of alcohol depends on the
quantities involved. Penalties range from six months' to two years' imprisonment. A person who
persuades or entices another person to drink alcohol may be sentenced to 74 lashes.
Article 165 of the Iranian Penal Code deals with the consumption of alcohol, while Article 175 of
the same Code concerns the production, distribution, purchase, sale and transportation, etc., of
alcohol (see Annexes 2 and 3).
According to a Western embassy, shortly before the delegation's visit to Iran, the Iranian police had
raided a party at which alcohol was being served to Iranians. Nothing happened to the participants,
but the hosts had to pay money to the police. According to the embassy, all types of alcohol can be
purchased on the black market."

Document(s): Open document