Source:

Government of the People's Republic of China ("Government of the People's Republic of China") [ID 18864]

Document(s): Government of the People's Republic of China

11.03.2008 - Source: US Department of State

Local police detained and monitored independent candidates who attempted to run in people's congress elections ("Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2007") [ID 23366]

"During the year independent candidates not selected by local authorities ran or attempted to run in people's congress elections held at the local level across the country. While a small number of independents were elected in some areas, local officials reportedly manipulated and pressured some candidates, who mounted aggressive campaigns to prevent independents from being nominated, and if nominated, from winning. Local police detained and monitored independent candidates, seized campaign materials, and intimidated supporters, family members, and friends. In November 2006 on the eve of LPC elections in Hubei Province, police detained democracy activist and local independent candidate Yao Lifa, reportedly as a means of interfering with his ability to campaign for votes. Some activists also alleged that vote counts were rigged to ensure defeat. In 2006 Taishi villagers failed in their attempt to nominate an independent candidate for local people's congress representative, allegedly because of ballot tampering and an illegal refusal to allow proxy votes.
Although the CCP controlled appointments of officials to government and party positions at all levels, some township, county, and provincial elections featured experiments with increased competition, including self-nomination of candidates, campaign speeches by candidates, public vetting of nominees, and a two-tiered indirect election system."

Document(s): Open document

22.12.2006 - Source: UK Home Office

Government officials ("Country of Origin Information Report; China") [ID 18863]

"President: Hu Jintao (elected 15 March 2003).
Vice President: Zeng Qinghong (elected 15 March 2003)
Premier: Wen Jiabao.
Vice-Premiers: Huang Ju, Wu Yi, Zeng Peiyan, Hui Liangyu.
State Councillors: Zhou Yongkang, Gen. Cao Gangchuan, Tang Jiaxuan, Hua Jianmin, Chen Zhili.
Secretary-General: Hua Jianmin.
Minister of Foreign Affairs: Li Zhaoxing.
Minister of National Defence: Gen. Cao Gangchuan.
Minister of State Development and Reform Commission: Ma Kai.
Minister of Education: Zhou Ji.
Minister of Science and Technology: Xu Guanhua.
Minister of State Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence: Zhang Yunchuan.
Minister of State Nationalities Affairs Commission: Li Dezhu.
Minister of Public Security: Zhou Yongkang.
Minister of State Security: Xu Yongyue.
Minister of Supervision: Li Zhilun.
Minister of Civil Affairs: Li Xueju.
Minister of Justice: Zhang Fusen.
Minister of Finance: Jin Renqing.
Minister of Personnel: Zhang Bailin.
Minister of Labour and Social Security: Zheng Silin.
Minister of Land and Natural Resources: Sun Wensheng.
Minister of Construction: Wang Guangtao.
Minister of Railways: Liu Zhijun.
Minister of Communications: Zhang Chunxian.
Minister of Information Industry: Wang Xudong.
Minister of Water Resources: Wang Shucheng.
Minister of Agriculture: Du Qinglin.
Minister of Commerce: Bo Xilai.
Minister of Culture: Sun Jiazheng.
Minister of Public Health: Wu Yi.
Minister of Population and State Family Planning Commission: Zhang Weiqing.
Governor of the People’s Bank of China: Zhou Xiaochuan.
Auditor-General of the National Audit Office: Li Jinhua.
"

Document(s): Open document

20.09.2006 - Source: Congressional-Executive Commission on China

Institutions of democratic governance and legislative reform ("Annual Report 2006") [ID 17393]

see report for further details - Chapter VII(b)

"• China has an authoritarian political system controlled by the Communist Party. Party committees formulate all major state policies before the government implements them. The Party dominates Chinese legislative bodies such as the National People’s Congress (NPC), and fills all important government positions in executive and judicial institutions through an internal selection process. Party control extends throughout institutions of local government.

• In 2005, the central leadership called for strengthened controls over society to address mounting social unrest and to suppress dissent. Chinese authorities have ruled out building representative democratic institutions to address citizen complaints about corruption and abuse of power, and instead are recentralizing government posts into the hands of individual Party secretaries.

• The absence of popular and legal constraints to check the behavior of Party officials has led to widespread corruption and citizen anger. The Party has strengthened the role of internal responsibility systems to moderate official behavior, but these systems have provided some local Party officials with new incentives to conceal information and abuse their power.

• Since the 1980s, officials have introduced limited reforms to allow citizens to vote in village elections. While these reforms are a step forward in permitting citizen participation at the local level, the reforms are designed to strengthen Party governance and do not represent Party acceptance of representative government.

• Since the late 1990s, the Party has experimented with reforms that allow a limited degree of citizen participation in the selection of local Party cadres, but the Party retains tight control over the candidate pool and the selection process. Since 2000, Chinese authorities have experimented with the use of legislative hearings to solicit public views on pending legislation, and the NPC held its first controlled public hearing in September 2005.

• Since 2000, the central government has announced new transparency requirements for local governments. In March 2005, central authorities specifically required county and provincial governments to increase transparency and popular participation in government decisionmaking. Implementation of these ‘‘open government’’ requirements varies, but some local governments have taken steps toward greater transparency."

Document(s): Open document

11.10.2005 - Source: Congressional-Executive Commission on China

Governance and legislative reforms ("Annual Report 2005") [#37506],  [ID 3561]

see report for further details - chapter V(d)

"China has an authoritarian political system controlled by the Communist Party. Party organizations formulate all major state policies before the government implements them. The Party dominates Chinese legislative bodies such as the National People’s Congress and fills important government positions at all levels by an internal selection process. China lacks meaningful elections for significant political positions.
Chinese authorities have introduced limited elements of political participation at the lowest levels of government to enhance their ability to govern. These elements include direct elections for village and residents committees, local people’s congress elections, and some popular input into the selection of low-level government and Party officials. The Party controls these selection and electoral processes by screening, and often selecting, the candidates.
Chinese citizens are attempting to use the limited political space created by official reforms to protect their rights and interests, but Party officials and local governments often suppress these efforts, leading to social unrest."

Document(s): Open document

04.2005 - Source: UK Home Office

Country Report October 2005 - Annex J: The Government ("Country Report - April 2005") [#31975],  [ID 3560]

"President: Hu Jintao (elected 15 March 2003).
Vice President: Zeng Quinghong (elected 15 March 2003).

State Council (April 2005)

Premier: Wen Jiabao.
Vice-Premiers: Huang Ju, Wu Yi, Zeng Peiyan, Hui Liangyu.
State Councillors: Zhou Yongkang, Gen. Cao Gangchuan, Tang Jiaxuan, Hua Jianmin, Chen Zhili.
Secretary-General: Hua Jianmin.
Minister of Foreign Affairs: Li Zhaoxing.
Minister of National Defence: Gen. Cao Gangchuan.
Minister of State Development and Reform Commission: Ma Kai.
Minister of Education: Zhou Ji.
Minister of Science and Technology: Xu Guanhua.
Minister of State Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence: Zhang Yunchuan.
Minister of State Nationalities Affairs Commission: Li Dezhu.
Minister of Public Security: Zhou Yongkang.
Minister of State Security: Xu Yongyue.
Minister of Supervision: Li Zhilun.
Minister of Civil Affairs: Li Xueju.
Minister of Justice: Zhang Fusen.
Minister of Finance: Jin Renqing.
Minister of Personnel: Zhang Bailin.
Minister of Labour and Social Security: Zheng Silin.
Minister of Land and Natural Resources: Sun Wensheng.
Minister of Construction: Wang Guangtao.
Minister of Railways: Liu Zhijun.
Minister of Communications: Zhang Chunxian.
Minister of Information Industry: Wang Xudong.
Minister of Water Resources: Wang Shucheng.
Minister of Agriculture: Du Qinglin.
Minister of Commerce: Bo Xilai.
Minister of Culture: Sun Jiazheng.
Minister of Public Health: Wu Yi.
Minister of Population and State Family Planning Commission: Zhang Weiqing.
Governor of the People’s Bank of China: Zhou Xiaochuan.
Auditor-General of the National Audit Office: Li Jinhua. [1a] (Politics)

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

General Secretary: Hu Jintao

Politburo Standing Committee Members

Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Zeng Qinghong, Huang Ju
Wu Guanzheng, Li Changchun and Luo Gan [1a] (Politics)"

Document(s): Open document

04.2005 - Source: UK Home Office

Country Report April 2005 - Annex J: The Government ("Country Report - April 2005") [#31975],  [ID 3562]

"President: Hu Jintao (elected 15 March 2003)
Vice President: Zeng Quinghong (elected 15 March 2003)

State Council (September 2004):

Premier: Wen Jiabao
Vice Premiers: Huang Ju, Zeng Peiyan, Hui Liangyu and Wu Yi
State Councillors: Zhou Yongkang, Cao Gangchuan, Tang Jiaxuan, Hua Jianmin and Chen Zhili
Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Li Zhaoxing
Ministry of National Defence: Cao Gangchuan
State Development and Reform Commission: Ma Kai
Ministry of Education: Zhou Ji
Ministry of Science and Technology: Xu Guanhua
State Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence: Zhang Yunchuan
State Ethnic Affairs Commission: Li Dek Su
Ministry of Public Security: Zhou Yongkang
Ministry of State Security: Xu Yongyue
Ministry of Supervision: Li Zhilun
Ministry of Civil Affairs: Li Xueju
Ministry of Justice: Zhang Fusen
Ministry of Finance: Jin Renqing
Ministry of Personnel: Zhang Bolin
Ministry of Labour and Social Security: Zheng Silin
Ministry of Land and Resources: Sun Wensheng
Ministry of Construction: Wang Guangtao
Ministry of Railways: Liu Zhijun
Ministry of Communications: Zhang Chunxian
Ministry of Information Industry: Wang Xudong
Ministry of Water Resources: Wang Shucheng
Ministry of Agriculture: Du Qinglin
Ministry of Commerce: Bo Xilai
Ministry of Culture: Sun Jiazheng
Ministry of Health: Wu Yi
State Population and Family Planning Commission: Zhang Weiqing
People’s Bank of China: Zhou Xiaochuan
National Audit Office: Li Jinhua


Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

General Secretary: Hu Jintao

Politburo Standing Committee Members
Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Zeng Qinghong, Huang Ju
Wu Guanzheng, Li Changchun and Luo Gan"

Document(s): Open document

15.03.2005 - Source:

Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of China (last updated: 15.03.2005) ("CIA: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments") [ID 3563]

"President HU Jintao
Vice President ZENG Qinghong
Premier, State Council WEN Jiabao
Vice Premier, State Council HUANG Ju
Vice Premier, State Council WU Yi
Vice Premier, State Council ZENG Peiyan
Vice Premier, State Council HUI Liangyu
State Councilor, State Council ZHOU Yongkang
State Councilor, State Council CAO Gangchuan
State Councilor, State Council TANG Jiaxuan
State Councilor, State Council HUA Jianmin
State Councilor, State Council CHEN Zhili
Sec. Gen., State Council HUA Jianmin
Chmn., Central Military Commission HU Jintao
Min. in Charge of National Defense Science, Technology, & Industry Commission ZHANG Yuchuan
Min. in Charge of State Development Reform Commission MA Kai
Min. in Charge of State Population & Family Planning Commission ZHANG Weiqing
Min. in Charge of State Nationalities Affairs Commission LI Dezhu (a.k.a. LI Dek Su)
Min. of Agriculture DU Qinglin
Min. of Civil Affairs LI Xueju
Min. of Commerce BO Xilai
Min. of Communications ZHANG Chunxian
Min. of Construction WANG Guangtao
Min. of Culture SUN Jiazheng
Min. of Education ZHOU Ji
Min. of Finance JIN Renqing
Min. of Foreign Affairs LI Zhaoxing
Min. of Information Industry WANG Xudong
Min. of Justice ZHANG Fusen
Min. of Labor & Social Security ZHENG Silin
Min. of Land & Natural Resources TIAN Fengshan
Min. of National Defense CAO Gangchuan
Min. of Personnel ZHANG Bolin
Min. of Public Health WU Yi
Min. of Public Security ZHOU Yongkang
Min. of Railways LIU Zhijun
Min. of Science & Technology XU Guanhua
Min. of State Security XU Yongyue
Min. of Supervision LI Zhilun
Min. of Water Resources WANG Shucheng
Pres., People's Bank of China ZHOU Xiaochuan
Ambassador to the US YANG Jiechi
Permanent Representative to the UN, New York WANG Guangya

Hong Kong
(Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China)
Chief Executive (Acting) Donald TSANG Yam-kuen
Chief Secretary for Administration Donald TSANG Yam-kuen
Sec. for Civil Service Joseph W. P. WONG
Sec. for Commerce, Industry, & Technology John TSANG
Sec. for Constitutional Affairs Stephen LAM
Sec. for Economic Development & Labor Stephen IP
Sec. for Education & Manpower Arthur LI
Sec. for Environment, Transport, & Works Sarah LIAO, Dr.
Sec. for Finance Henry TANG
Sec. for Financial Services & the Treasury Frederick MA
Sec. for Health, Welfare, & Food York CHOW
Sec. for Home Affairs Patrick HO, Dr.
Sec. for Housing, Planning, & Lands Michael M. Y. SUEN
Sec. for Justice Elsie LEUNG
Sec. for Security Ambrose Siu-kwong LEE
Chief Executive, Hong Kong Monetary Authority Joseph YAM
Chief Justice Andrew LI
Pres., Legislative Council Rita FAN
Commissioner, Independent Commission Against Corruption Raymond WONG
Director of Audit Benjamin TANG

Macau
(Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China)
Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah
Sec. for Administration & Justice Florinda Da Rosa Silva CHAN
Sec. for Economics & Finance Francis TAM Pak-yuen
Sec. for Security CHEONG Kuoc Va
Sec. for Social Affairs & Culture Fernando CHUI Sai-on
Sec. for Transportation & Public Works AO Man Long
Procurator Gen. HO Chio Meng
Pres., Court of Final Appeal SAM Hou Fai
Pres., Legislative Council Susana CHOU
Commissioner, Audit Fatima Mei-lei CHOI
Commissioner, Independent Commission Against Corruption CHEONG U"

Document(s): CIA: Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments

03.05.2002 - Source:

Governments on the WWW: China ("Governments on the WWW: China") [ID 3564]

Document(s): Governments on the WWW: China