11.03.2008 - Quelle: US Department of State

Kabul: Polizeibeamte durchsuchten den Hauptsitz von Tolo TV ohne Durchsuchungsbefehl und entführten 3 Mitarbeiter; laut Berichten wurden sie in der Haft von den Behörden misshandelt ("Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2007") [ID 23948]

"On April 17, 50 police officers raided Tolo TV's main headquarters in Kabul, abducted three staff members, and brought them to the Attorney General's office. There were reports that police physically abused Tolo TV employees who barred police from entering the studio without a warrant. There were also reports that authorities abused the three while they were in detention. In August authorities arrested two Tolo TV staff members on the grounds that the TV station had misrepresented the Attorney General's remarks to the parliament as critical of the central government. Human rights observers stated that this was an abuse of the Attorney General's authority and an example of government officials' misuse of power to manipulate the media."

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11.03.2008 - Quelle: US Department of State

Journalist verhaftet, nachdem er Informationen über die Rolle von Frauen in islamischen Gesellschaften aus dem Internet heruntergeladen hat ("Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2007") [ID 23950]

"In October police arrested Sayed Perwiz Kambakhsh, a student at Balkh University and a journalist for Jahan-e Naw (New World) daily, after he downloaded information from the Internet regarding the role of women in Islamic societies. He remained in jail at year's end. According to IWPR, Kambakhsh's brother Sayed Yaqub Ibrahimi's office was raided the day after Kambakhsh was arrested. Ibrahimi, an IWPR journalist, had written investigative reports exposing local powerful leaders' human rights abuses. Ibrahimi reported that he faced continued harassment and surveillance from the NDS."

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11.03.2008 - Quelle: US Department of State

Das aktuelle Mediengesetz enthält keine klaren Definitionen zu Verleumdung und Beleidigung; dies macht Journalisten verletzlicher, da sie leichter wegen Kritik von einflussreichen politischen oder anderen Führern angeklagt werden können ("Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2007") [ID 23958]

"Members of the media noted their concern that current media law did not include clear definitions of libel and defamation, additions that would make journalists less vulnerable to prosecution for criticism of influential political or other leaders."

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12.2007 - Quelle: UN High Commissioner for Refugees

Angriffe von Antiregierungskräften auf unabhängige Journalisten, da diese verdächtigt werden mit afghanischen und internationalen Geheimdiensten zu kooperieren ("UNHCR's Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Afghan Asylum-Seekers") [ID 22648]

"In addition to pressure on journalists by the authorities, a number of violent incidents involving the media have taken place in 2006 and 2007. In May 2006, Ariana TV was attacked in Kabul by violent demonstrators and two German journalists were murdered in Baghlan Province in October 2006. Furthermore, independent journalists are increasingly accused of cooperating with Afghan or foreign intelligence services officials and thus targeted by anti-government forces. An example is the kidnapping of a foreign and an Afghan journalist in March 2007 in the southern province of Helmand. They were initially accused of spying on behalf of international forces. The incidents resulted in the beheading of the Afghan journalist and the liberation of the foreign journalist in exchange for the release of Taliban prisoners."

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Deutsche Zusammenfassung

12.2007 - Quelle: UN High Commissioner for Refugees

Druck der afghanischen Behörden auf Journalisten, die über heikle Themen wie Korruption oder Regierungspolitik schreiben; zusätzlich sind Journalisten noch Drohungen und Anschlägen von nicht-staatlichen Akteuren ausgesetzt ("UNHCR's Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Afghan Asylum-Seekers") [ID 22936]

"This leads journalists to self-censorship on sensitive issues and to present their work as moderate and mainstream. In particular, conservative forces have tried to exercise media control by threatening and physically attacking journalists. The repeated detention and threats to Kamran Mir Hazar, journalist for the national radio news program Salaam Watandar and chief editor of the Web site KabulPress, is an example of the pressure that can be exerted by the Afghan authorities against journalists who are vocal against corruption and Government policies. In addition to the censorship and pressures faced from officials, journalists are also exposed to direct threats, increasing violence and to targeted attacks from non-State actors.

As a result, journalists may be exposed to a risk of persecution by non-State agents if they publish opinions critical of the Mujaheddin, the insurgency, disclose human rights abuses, corruption and bribery, or express views on religion, secularism, and freedoms that are at odds with conservative social norms."

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Deutsche Zusammenfassung

11.2007 - Quelle: Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation

Anschläge und Drohungen gegen unabhängige Journalisten und Journalistinnen sind ansteigend ("11th European Country of Origin Information Seminar; Vienna, 21 - 22 June 2007; Country Report; Afghanistan") [ID 21958]

"Attacks and threats on independent journalists are becoming more and more frequent.
Women journalists and journalists who tackle politically sensitive issues like corruption and human rights violations are at risk."

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06.03.2007 - Quelle: US Department of State

Italienischer Journalist Gabriele Torsello wurde am 12. Oktober entführt und am 3. November wieder freigelassen; es ist ungewiß, ob er aufgrund seiner Tätigkeit als Journalist entführt worden ist ("Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2006") [ID 19508]

"Italian journalist Gabriele Torsello was kidnapped on October 12 and released on November 3. It was not known if he was targeted due to being a journalist. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), his kidnappers originally demanded the return of Abdul Rahman from Italy in exchange for his release."

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02.2007 - Quelle: Committee to Protect Journalists

Angriffe auf die Presse im Jahr 2006 ("Attacks on the Press in 2006: Afghanistan") [ID 18851]

"The Taliban Islamist militia re-emerged in Afghanistan while the government of President Hamid Karzai wavered in its commitment to Western-style media. Despite the proliferation of media outlets since the fall of the Taliban government in 2001, reporters complained of little or no cooperation from officials, who were unwilling to meet with them or allow public offices to release information."

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02.2006 - Quelle: Committee to Protect Journalists

Jahresbericht zur Pressefreiheit im Jahr 2005 ("Attacks on the Press in 2005") [#44083],  [ID 1454]

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26.10.2005 - Quelle: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

According to head of Afghanistan's Independent Journalist Association harassment of journalists is likely to increase ("Afghanistan: Journalist Association Head Says Harassment Of Journalists Likely To Increase") [#38323],  [ID 1455]

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03.10.2005 - Quelle: Committee to Protect Journalists

Kabul: Editor of women's rights' magazine arrested for publishing anti-Islamic articles ("Editor of women's rights magazine arrested") [#37283],  [ID 1456]

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04.10.2004 - Quelle: Institute for War and Peace Reporting

In einigen Provinzen werden Journalisten von politischen Fraktionen, die bestimmten Präsidentschaftskandidaten nahe stehen, bedroht ("Candidates Fail to Exploit Power of Radio") [#26170],  [ID 1457]

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27.09.2004 - Quelle: Institute for War and Peace Reporting

Mann aus Kabul wird für Beteiligung am Mord dreier Journalisten und am Mord und der Vergewaltigung einer Journalistin öffentlich hingerichtet ("Investigation: Journalists' Murder Suspect on Trial") [#25936],  [ID 1458]

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30.06.2004 - Quelle: Committee to Protect Journalists

Journalistin und Dokumentarfilmemacherin des australischen Rundfunknetzes SBS wird Berichten zufolge gemeinsam mit ihrem afghanischen Assistenten und ihrem Fahrer vermisst ("Afghanistan: Australian journalist reported missing") [#23692],  [ID 1459]

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28.05.2004 - Quelle: BBC News

Nordwestliche Grenzregion: Newsweek-Journalist, der zusammen mit US-Journalisten und Fahrer vom Geheimdienst festgehalten wird, weiterhin vermisst ("Arrest of Afghan reporter probed") [#22993],  [ID 1460]

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04.01.2004 - Quelle: Institute for War and Peace Reporting

Einige Abgeordnete zur Loya Jirga und Herausgeber wichtiger Tageszeitungen berichten von Drohungen und Einschüchterungen ("Delegates, Journalists Report Threats, Intimidation") [#18556],  [ID 1461]

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04.01.2004 - Quelle: Institute for War and Peace Reporting

Petition für Namensänderung in "Republik Afghanistan" bringt ihre Förderer in Gefahr ("Delegates, Journalists Report Threats, Intimidation") [#18556],  [ID 1462]

"[...] Amnesty referred to the case of the petition which was circulated calling for the official name of the country to be changed from the “Islamic Republic of Afghanistan” to the “Republic of Afghanistan”. The petition gained over 151 signatures, but Sibghatullah Mujaddidi, the chairman of the Loya Jirga, refused to allow a vote on the issue and publicly called those who had sponsored the idea as “infidels”. Amnesty said it was concerned that such statements could place the sponsors of the petition in serious danger.

However, the English-language government newspaper, the Kabul Times, quoted the head of the Loya Jirga drafting commission secretariat, Dr. Farouq Wardak, as saying that Mujaddidi and those in charge of the Loya Jirga had themselves been threatened with death by “a number of adventurists who always disrupt proceedings”. Wardak said this had been brought to the attention of the interior ministry, but officials at the ministry told IWPR they had no information about such threats.

Siamak Herawi, editor-in-chief, of the Dari-language government daily, Anis, told IWPR that he had been threatened by 12 people on the telephone. “I knew two or three of them”, he said.

Herawi said the threats were from people who said they most disliked an article in Anis about pressure from jihadi groups on the process of the constitution's approval.

“During the Loya Jirga the gunmen and jihadi leaders didn’t like the reports we were publishing”, Herawi said. “They threatened me saying, ‘If you do not stop the way you are carrying on with Anis, it will cost you your life’”.

Malalai Joya, a young woman delegate from Farah Province who early on in the proceedings caused a major stir by making an outspoken address in which she referred to mujahedin leaders as “criminals”, also said she was threatened. Joya said she didn't fear the threats, but was given an armed guard just in case.

Waqif Hakimi, the editor of the Mujahed newspaper and a member of Jamiat-e-Islami who is a delegate from Kabul, said he too had been threatened. Complaining about pressure from government ministers, Hakimi said, “If delegates wanted to abstain from voting on an article, ministers directly interfered. We as delegates did not have the right to voice our ideas.”

Hakimi also said, “The minister of Haj and Awqaf [Pilgrimage and Pious Foundations] did not let me speak. He grabbed me by the collar of my shirt, showing that the government visibly interfered to make people silent.”

Mohammad Hanif Atmar, the minister of Rehabilitation and Rural Development, denied accusations against the government. “I do not know what delegates complaining about interference by the government are referring to”, said Atmar.[...]"

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01.10.2003 - Quelle: Institute for War and Peace Reporting

Oberster Gerichtshof verhängt Fatwa über die Journalisten Mirhosain Mahdavi und Ali Raza Payam, die im Juni wegen Blasphemie inhaftiert worden waren und untergetaucht sind ("Blasphemy Editor Unrepentant") [#16508],  [ID 1463]

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06.08.2003 - Quelle: Reporters Sans Frontières

Oberster Gerichtshof bestätigt Todesurteile gegen Sayeed Mahdawi and Ali Reza Payam wegen "Blasphemie"; sie hatten in der Wochenzeitung Aftab die vorherrschende Ausrichtung des Islams kritisiert; die Journalisten sind untergetaucht ("Supreme court confirms death sentence for two journalists for "blasphemy"") [#14863],  [ID 1464]

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IWPR: Fatwa for "Blasphemy" Journalists

29.07.2003 - Quelle: UN High Commissioner for Refugees

Journalisten können Opfer politischer Unterdrückung sein ("UNHCR-Stellungnahme zur Frage der Flüchtlingseigenschaft afghanischer Asylsuchender (aktualisierte Zusammenstellung)") [#14757],  [ID 1465]

"Wie bereits beschrieben, befindet sich Afghanistan auf dem Weg von einer Übergangsregierung zu einer dauerhaften Regierung, gleichzeitig jedoch in einer Situation, die durch das Wiedererstarken von Kriegsherren gekennzeichnet ist, die sich Berichten zufolge neu bewaffnen und die De-facto- Macht in ihren jeweiligen Gebieten vergrößern. In dieser angespannten Situation nehmen Berichte über Fälle von politisch motivierter Festnahme und Inhaftierung sowie von verdeckter oder offener Bedrohung und Einschüchterung zu, wobei die Opfer Personen mit einer anderen politischen Zugehörigkeit als die Machthaber sind, oder solche, die ihren abweichenden Ideen Ausdruck geben. In einzelnen Fällen stellt sich politische Opposition als ein definierendes Merkmal der Verfolgung heraus.
Auch wenn nicht in systematischer Weise durchgeführt, könnte politische Unterdrückung vor allem solche Personen betreffen, welche von Befehlshabern oder Gruppierungen als eine Bedrohung ihrer Macht angesehen werden. Diese Gefährdung betrifft den Medienbereich, Journalisten, Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft wie Frauenverbände und professionelle Shuras, ebenso wie Zeugen schwerer Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Die Kultur der Straflosigkeit, die durch den immer noch unzureichenden Staat oder durch traditionelle Justiz- und Sicherheitsmechanismen hervorgerufen wird, fördert die Fortsetzung dieser Einschüchterungshandlungen."

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28.06.2003 - Quelle: Institute for War and Peace Reporting

Die Kabuler Journalisten Sayed Mir Husain Mehdavi und Ali Reza Payam, die wegen Blasphemie verhaftet worden waren, wurden aus Gewahrsam entlassen; ihnen droht aber ein Prozess (""Blasphemy" Journalists Released") [#13916],  [ID 1466]

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25.06.2003 - Quelle: Committee to Protect Journalists

Zwei Journalisten wieder freigelassen, nachdem sie wegen Veröffentlichung eines Artikels mit dem Titel "Heiliger Faschismus", der von einem Gericht als Angriff auf den Islam gewertet wurde, verhaftet worden waren ("Afghanistan: Imprisoned journalists released") [#13771],  [ID 1467]

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24.06.2003 - Quelle: Human Rights Watch

President Karzai lässt die Inhaftierung zweier Redakteure einer Zeitung in Kabul wegen politischer Motive weiterhin zu ("Afghanistan: Karzai Fails on Press Freedom") [#13724],  [ID 1468]

"[...] According to government officials familiar with the case, Afghanistan's chief justice, Fazl Hadi Shinwari, a cleric allied with the ultra-conservative mujahidin leader Abdul-Rabb al-Rasul Sayyaf, a powerful political leader in Kabul, ordered the arrests and the closure of the paper with the approval of President Karzai. Aftab had recently published two articles raising questions about Islam's place in politics and methods of interpreting religious texts, and criticizing Afghan religious leaders.

The Supreme Court charged Mahdavi and Sistany with the crime of "insulting Islam," or blasphemy. The existing penal code of Afghanistan does not define blasphemy, but provides that certain crimes relating to Islam are punishable under shari'a (Islamic law). Crimes under shari'a are not codified or defined under Afghan law, but under most interpretations of shari'a, blasphemy is a serious offense sometimes punishable by death.

The deputy chief justice, Fazel Ahmad Manawi, said in an interview with Radio Liberty on June 19 that Mahdavi and Sistany would be tried on the "allegation of insulting Islam," and that international pressure could do nothing to stop the government from pursuing the case. The two are currently being held in a Kabul jail.

Kabul police searched and then closed Aftab's offices last week, and Afghanistan's intelligence agency, the Amniat-e Melli, confiscated remaining copies of the newspaper from local booksellers and stores. Amniat-e Melli agents broke up a meeting held by Aftab last Thursday and harassed and threatened participants. Kabul police allowed Aftab's offices to reopen this week, but told Aftab staff that they are prohibited from printing future issues. [...]"

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23.06.2003 - Quelle: Integrated Regional Information Network

Informationsministerium setzt sich für sofortige Freilassung eines Herausgebers einer Lokalzeitung und eines Journalisten ein, die wegen Blasphemie verhaftet worden waren ("Information ministry works for release of journalists") [#13751],  [ID 1469]

"A senior official says his ministry is working to bring about the immediate release of a local newspaper editor and a journalist, after their arrest on charges of blasphemy. "I have talked regarding the release of the two detainees and I was told that they were in custody for their own protection. But we still emphasise that they must be released very soon," Minister of Information and Culture Sayed Makhdom Rahin told IRIN in the Afghan capital, Kabul on Monday."

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19.06.2003 - Quelle: Committee to Protect Journalists

Kabul: Chefredakteur und stellvertretender Redakteur der wöchentlichen Zeitung "Aftab" gefangengenommen; das afghansiche Gericht stellt sie unter Arrest wegen Verleumdung des Islam ("Afghanistan: CPJ condemns journalists’ arrests") [#13668],  [ID 1470]

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12.06.2003 - Quelle: International Crisis Group

Kein Forum für kritische Auseinandersetzungen und Selbstbestimmung in manchen Teilen des Landes ("Afghanistan's Flawed Constitutional Process") [#13492],  [ID 1471]

"Thus, in some parts of the country, no indigenous fora for debate and self-determination remain. The influence of local commanders in constitutional debates is highlighted by the case of Marya Sazabor, a Mazar-i Sharif-based poet who published an article entitled "The Role of Women in the Constitution" in the newspaper of the Junbish-e Melli Islami. Due to a typographical error, one sentence that should have read "ignorance of Sharia causes women's problems" was printed as "Sharia causes women's problems". A local paper affiliated with Jamiat-i Islami-yi Afghanistan subsequently intimated that she deserved death, calling her "Afghanistan's Salman Rushdie". After a correction by the original publisher and the intervention of UN staff, the threats were retracted."

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09.05.2003 - Quelle: Institute for War and Peace Reporting

Anschlagsserie gegen regierungskritische JournalistInnen, die sensible politische Themen aufgreifen; Dokumentation von einzelnen Fällen ("Reporters Face Death Threats") [#12668],  [ID 1472]

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02.05.2003 - Quelle: Human Rights Watch

Zunahme der Übergriffe und Drohungen gegen JournalistInnen durch Sicherheitskräfte; Großteil der Drohungen und Verhaftungen folgt regierungskritischen Äußerungen der JournalistInnen ("Sharp Rise in Press Attacks in Afghanistan") [#12308],  [ID 1473]

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15.04.2003 - Quelle: European Council on Refugees and Exiles

Journalisten erhalten anonyme Drohungen ("Guidelines for the Treatment of Afghan Asylum Seekers & Refugees in Europe -") [#12087],  [ID 1474]

"European States should give all Afghan asylum claimants the opportunity to lodge an application and have it processed with minimum delay. ECRE considers that certain categories of individuals amongst the Afghan population may have ongoing protection needs that remain unchanged despite recent political developments in Afghanistan. These groups include:
...
Journalists have been receiving anonymous threats; for example in Kabul and Herat."

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31.03.2003 - Quelle: Committee to Protect Journalists

Report documenting attacks on the press in 2002 ("Attacks on the press in 2002") [#11724],  [ID 1475]

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28.03.2003 - Quelle: Committee to Protect Journalists

Reporter for the U.S.- funded Radio Free Afghanistan assaulted, detained and expelled from Herat ("Afghanistan: CPJ concerned about assault, detention, and expulsion of reporter") [#11666],  [ID 1476]

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27.03.2003 - Quelle: Reporters Sans Frontières

Herat: Radio Free Afghanistan correspondent physically attacked by local security forces ("Radio Free Afghanistan journalist attacked and expelled from Herat") [#11631],  [ID 1477]

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20.12.2002 - Quelle: Reporters Sans Frontières

Abdul Ghafur Aiteqad, publisher of the privately-owned weekly Farda, arrested and later released for publishing a cartoon of the president ("Editor released but cable TV operator closed in Jalalabad") [#10116],  [ID 1478]

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